Surah Mumtahina ayat 13 Tafsir Quran 60:13

﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ قَدْ يَئِسُوا مِنَ الْآخِرَةِ كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ﴾
[ الممتحنة: 13]

60:13 O you who have believed, do not make allies of a people with whom Allah has become angry. They have despaired of [reward in] the Hereafter just as the disbelievers have despaired of [meeting] the inhabitants of the graves.

O you who believe do not befriend a people against whom God is wrathful namely the Jews. They have truly despaired of the Hereafter of attaining its reward — despite their being certain of its truth out of obstinacy towards the Prophet even though they know him to be sincere — just as the disbelievers have despaired — they themselves being — of those who are in the tombs that is to say those who are entombed and barred from the good of the Hereafter for they are shown both their would-have-been places in Paradise had they believed and the Fire for which they are destined.

O you whose hearts - reflect - the image of religious and spiritual virtues: do not make friendly intimacy with people who have come within the measure of Allahs wrath. They have given up hope of sharing the beatitude of the Hereafter, just as they have lost hope of their dead returning back from their graves, and just as their dead had already despaired of forgiveness

O you who believe! Take not as friends the people who incurred the wrath of Allah.
Surely, they have despaired of the Hereafter, just as the disbelievers have despaired of those ( buried ) in graves ( 13 ) Just like in the beginning of the Surah, Allah the Exalted forbids taking the disbelievers as protecting friends at the end of the Surah, saying, يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ ( O you who believe! Take not as friends the people who incurred the wrath of Allah. ) referring to the Jews, Christians and the rest of the disbelievers whom Allah became angry with and cursed.
Those who deserved being rejected and banished by Him.
( Allah says here ), 'how can you become their allies, friends and companions, after Allah decided that they earn the despair of receiving any good or delights in the Hereafter?' Allah's statement, كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ ( just as the disbelievers have despaired of those (buried ) in graves.) This has two possible meanings.
First, the disbelievers despair of ever again meeting their relatives buried in graves, because they do not believe in Resurrection or being brought back to life.
Therefore, they have no hope that they will meet them again, according to their creed.
Secondly, just as the disbelievers who are buried in graves have lost hope in receiving any kind of goodness ( i.e., after seeing the punishment and knowing that Resurrection is true ). Al-A'mash reported from Abu Ad-Duha from Masruq that Ibn Mas'ud said, كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ ( just as the disbelievers have despaired of those (buried ) in graves.) "Just as the disbeliever despairs when he dies and realizes and knows his ( evil ) recompense." This is the saying of Mujahid, 'Ikrimah, Muqatil, Ibn Zayd, Al-Kalbi and Mansur; Ibn Jarir preferred this explanation. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Mumtahanah, all praise and thanks be to Allah.

(60:13) Believers, do not make friends with those against whom Allah is wrathful and who are despaired of the Hereafter, as despaired as are the unbelievers lying in their graves. *24

O you who have believed, do not meaning

*24) The words in the original can have two meanings: First, that they have despaired of their well-being and rewards in the Hereafter just as the deniers of the life-after-death have despaired of the resurrection of their near and dear ones, who are dead and gone into the graves.
This meaning has been given by Hadrat 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas and Hadrat Hasan Basri, Qatadah and Dahak ( may AIlah bless them ).
The second meaning can.be: They have despaired of the mercy and forgiveness of the Hereafter just as the disbelievers, who are Iying in the graves, have despaired of every good, for they are certain of their being involved in the punishment.
This meaning has been related from Hadrat `Abdullah bin Mas'ud and from Mujahid, 'Ikrimah, Ibn Zaid, Kalbi, Muqatil, Mansur ( may Allah bless them all ).

O you who believe! Take not as friends the people who incurred the wrath of Allah.
Surely, they have despaired of the Hereafter, just as the disbelievers have despaired of those ( buried ) in graves ( 13 ) Just like in the beginning of the Surah, Allah the Exalted forbids taking the disbelievers as protecting friends at the end of the Surah, saying, يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ ( O you who believe! Take not as friends the people who incurred the wrath of Allah. ) referring to the Jews, Christians and the rest of the disbelievers whom Allah became angry with and cursed.
Those who deserved being rejected and banished by Him.
( Allah says here ), 'how can you become their allies, friends and companions, after Allah decided that they earn the despair of receiving any good or delights in the Hereafter?' Allah's statement, كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ ( just as the disbelievers have despaired of those (buried ) in graves.) This has two possible meanings.
First, the disbelievers despair of ever again meeting their relatives buried in graves, because they do not believe in Resurrection or being brought back to life.
Therefore, they have no hope that they will meet them again, according to their creed.
Secondly, just as the disbelievers who are buried in graves have lost hope in receiving any kind of goodness ( i.e., after seeing the punishment and knowing that Resurrection is true ). Al-A'mash reported from Abu Ad-Duha from Masruq that Ibn Mas'ud said, كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ ( just as the disbelievers have despaired of those (buried ) in graves.) "Just as the disbeliever despairs when he dies and realizes and knows his ( evil ) recompense." This is the saying of Mujahid, 'Ikrimah, Muqatil, Ibn Zayd, Al-Kalbi and Mansur; Ibn Jarir preferred this explanation. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Mumtahanah, all praise and thanks be to Allah.

( O ye who believe! ) referring here to ’Abdullah Ibn Ubayy and his fellow believers ( Be not friendly ) i.e. seeking their help and assistance and divulging to them the secrets of the Prophet ( pbuh ) ( with a folk with whom Allah is wroth ) twice; this refers to the Jews when they said: Allah’s Hand is uptight and again when they disbelieved in Muhammad ( pbuh ) ( (a folk ) who have despaired of the Hereafter) who have despaired of the bliss of Paradise ( as the disbelievers ) the disbelievers of Mecca ( despair of those who are in the graves ) i.e. of the return of the people of the graves; and it is also said that this means: of the questioning of Munkar and Nakir; and it is also said this means: do not be friendly with a folk with whom Allah is wroth, but rather be of those who glorify Allah and pray to Him’.

O you who believe! Take not as friends the people who incurred the Wrath of Allah (i.e. the Jews). Surely, they have been in despair to receive any good in the Hereafter, just as the disbelievers have been in despair about those (buried) in graves (that they will not be resurrected on the Day of Resurrection).

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