Surah Sad ayat 33 Tafsir Quran 38:33

﴿رُدُّوهَا عَلَيَّ ۖ فَطَفِقَ مَسْحًا بِالسُّوقِ وَالْأَعْنَاقِ﴾
[ ص: 33]

38:33 [He said], "Return them to me," and set about striking [their] legs and necks.

Bring them back to me! that is the horses that were displayed; and they so brought them back. Then he set about slashing with his sword their legs al-sūq is the plural of sāq and necks in other words he slaughtered them and cut off their legs as an offering of atonement to God exalted be He for having been distracted by them from the prayer. He gave all the meat thereof as voluntary alms and so God compensated him what was better and faster that these horses and this was the wind which blew at his command as he wished.

There did Sulayman give orders, thus: Bring them back to me, he said. and he kept patting them on the necks passing his hand over the forenegs expressing fondness and endearment

Sulayman the Son of Dawud Allah tells us that he gave Sulayman to Dawud as a Prophet, as He says elsewhere: وَوَرِثَ سُلَيْمَـنُ دَاوُودَ ( And Sulayman inherited Dawud ) ( 27:1 ).
meaning, he inherited prophethood from him.
Dawud had other sons besides Sulayman, for he had one hundred free wives. نِعْمَ الْعَبْدُ إِنَّهُ أَوَّابٌ ( How excellent a servant! Verily, he was ever oft-returning in repentance (to Us )!) This is praise for Sulayman, because he was very much obedient, worshipping Allah much and always turning to Allah in repentance. إِذْ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْعَشِىِّ الصَّـفِنَـتُ الْجِيَادُ ( When there were displayed before him, in the afternoon, well trained horses of the highest breed. ) means, these well trained horses were shown to Sulayman, peace be upon him, in his capacity as king and ruler.
Mujahid said, "They were the kind of horses which stand on three legs and raise the fourth, and they were swift horses." This was also the view of several others among the Salaf.
Abu Dawud recorded that `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came back from the campaign of Tabuk or Khaybar, and there was a curtain covering her room.
The wind came and lifted the curtain, revealing some toys belonging to `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her.
The Prophet said:
«مَا هَذَا يَا عَائِشَةُ؟»
( What is this, O `A'ishah ) She, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "My toys." Among them he saw a horse with two wings made of cloth.
He said:
«مَا هَذَا الَّذِي أَرَى وَسَطَهُنَّ؟»
( What is this that I see in the midst of them ) She, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "A horse." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«مَا هَذَا الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ؟»
( And what is this on it ) She, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "Wings." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«فَرَسٌ لَهُ جَنَاحَانِ؟»
( A horse with two wings ) She, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "Did you not hear that Sulayman, peace be upon him, had a horse that had wings" She, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ smiled so broadly that I could see his molars." فَقَالَ إِنِّى أَحْبَبْتُ حُبَّ الْخَيْرِ عَن ذِكْرِ رَبِى حَتَّى تَوَارَتْ بِالْحِجَابِ ( He said: "I did love the good (i.e., horses ) instead of remembering my Lord" till the time was over, and ( the sun ) had hidden in the veil ( of night )) More than one of the Salaf and scholars of Tafsir mentioned that he was so busy looking at the horses that he missed the time of `Asr prayer.
He did not miss it deliberately, but because of forgetfulness, as happened to the Prophet on the day of Khandaq, when he was too busy to pray `Asr and he prayed it after the sun had set.
This was recorded in the Two Sahihs with more than one chain of narration, including the report from Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, who said, "On the day of Khandaq, `Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, came after the sun had set and started cursing the disbelievers of the Quraysh.
He said, `O Messenger of Allah, I could not pray `Asr until the sun had almost set.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«وَاللهِ مَا صَلَّيْتُهَا»
( By Allah, I did not pray it either. )" He ( Jabir ) said, "So we got up and went to Buthan.
Allah's Prophet performed ablution for the prayer and we too performed ablution.
He prayed `Asr after the sun had set, then he prayed Maghrib after that." رُدُّوهَا عَلَىَّ فَطَفِقَ مَسْحاً بِالسُّوقِ وَالاٌّعْنَاقِ ( Then he said: "Bring them (horses ) back to me." Then he began to pass his hand over their legs and their necks.) Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "He said, `No, by Allah, you will not keep me from worshipping my Lord again,' then he ordered that they should be slaughtered." This was also the view of Qatadah.
As-Suddi said, "Their necks and hamstrings were struck with swords." `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "He began patting the horses' heads and legs out of love for them." This is the view that was favored by Ibn Jarir.
He said, "Because he would not punish an animal by cutting its hamstrings or destroy his own wealth for no other reason than that he had been distracted from his prayer by looking at it, and it was not the animals' fault.
" This view which Ibn Jarir thought more correct is subject to further review, because such action may have been permissible according to their law, especially since he got angry for the sake of Allah for being distracted by these horses until the time for prayer had lapsed.
Then, since he dispensed with them for the sake of Allah, Allah compensated him with something better, the wind which blew gently by his order wherever he willed.
Its morning lasted a month's ( journey ), and its afternoon lasted a month's ( journey ).
This was faster and better than horses.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Qatadah and Abu Ad-Dahma', who traveled a lot to the Ka`bah, said, "We met a man from among the bedouins who said to us: `The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took my hand and started teaching me some of that which Allah had taught him.
He said,
«إِنَّكَ لَا تَدَعُ شَيْئًا اتِّقَاءَ اللهِ تَعَالَى إِلَّا أَعْطَاكَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ خَيْرًا مِنْه»
( You do not give up anything for the sake of Allah, but Allah will give you something better than it. )"'

(38:33) (he ordered): 'Bring these horses back to me,' and then he began to gently stroke their shanks and necks. *35

[He said], "Return them to me," and meaning

*35) There is a difference of opinion among the commentators about the translation and commentary of these verses.
One section of them interprets them as follows:
The Prophet Solomon became so absorbed in reviewing the horses and watching their races, that he forgot to offer his 'Asr Prayer, or according to some others, to perform certain devotions that he used to perform before the sunset.
Then when the sun went down, he commanded that the horses be brought back, and when they came back, the Prophet Solomon started slashing them with the sword, or in other words, slaughtering them as a sacrifice to Allah, because they had caused him to become heedles: of the remembrance of Allah.
Accordingly, the verses have been translated thus: " And he :aid: I so preferred the love of this wealth that I became heedless of the remembrance ( the 'Asr Prayer, or the special devotions ) of my Lord till ( the sun ) went down ( behind the veil of the west ).
( Then he commanded : ) bring them back, ( and when the horses came back ) he began to stroke their shanks and necks ( with the sword ). " Although this commentary has been given by some major commentators, it is not plausible for the reason that in this the commenentator ha: to add three things from himself, which have no basis whatever.
In the first place, he has to assume that the Prophet Solomon's 'Asr Prayer was lost in the occupation, or some special devotions that he used to perform at that time, whereas the words of the Qur'an are only to the effect: " I so preferred this wealth that I became heedless of the remembrance of my Lord.
" In these there is no ground for taking any word for the `Asr Prayer or the special devotions.
Secondly, he also assumes that the sun set where as there is no mention of the sun whatever.
On the contrary, when one reads the words hatta tawarar bil-hijab ( when they disappeared from sight ) one's mind automatically turns to as-safinat ul jiyad ( well-bred horses ) which have been mentioned in the preceding verse.
Thirdly, he also has to assume that the Prophet Solomon did not simply stroke the shins and necks of the horses with the hand but stroked them with the sword, whereas the Qur'an does not contain the words mashan-bis-saif or any other pointer from which stroking may be taken to mean stroking with the sword.
We have a fundamental difference with this kind of the commentary.
In our opinion, only in four cases it would be right to interpret the words of the Qur'an in other than their normally accepted meaning: ( 1 ) Either there should be a pointer to it in the words of the Qur'an itself; or ( 2 ) there should be an allusion to it at some other place in the Qur'an; or ( 3 ) an explanation of it should be afforded by some authentic Hadith; or ( 4 ) it should have some other reliable source, e.g., if it pertains to history, there should be an historical evidence to support it; if it pertains to the manifestations of the universe, there should be authentic scientific knowledge to substantiate it; and if it pertains to the Shari'ah values, the sources of Islamic law should explain it.
In the absence of any of these, we do not think it is right to invent a story on the basis of one's own imagination and add it to the words of the Qur'an.

One section of the commentators has differed a little from the about translation and commentary.
They say that the pronoun in both hatta tawarat bil-hijab and ruddu-ha 'alayya turns only to the sun.
That Is, when the `Asr Prayer was lost and the sun went down behind the veil of the west, the Prophet Solomon said to the workers of destiny: " Turn the sun back so that the `Asr time comes back for me to offer the Prayer. " So, the sun retreated and he performed his Prayer.
Hut this commentary is even more unacceptable than the previously mentioned one not because Allah is powerless to bring the sun back, but because Allah has made no mention of it anywhere.
On the contrary, if such a wonderful miracle had actually been worked for the sake of the Prophet Solomon, it would certainly be worthy of mention.
Moreover, if the extraordinary event of the returning of the sun after having set had actually taken place; the history of the would would never be without it.
In support of this commentary these commentators _present some Ahadith also in order to prove that the returning of the sun after having set is not a rare event that happened only once, but it has happened several times.
There is the mention of bringing the sun back in connection with the Holy Prophet's Ascension ( mi'raj ); the sun was also brought back on the occasion of the Battle of the Trench for the Holy Prophet, and also for Hadrat `Ali, when the Holy Prophet was sleeping with his head in Hadrat Ali's lap and his 'Asr Prayer was lost: then the Holy Prophet had prayed for the return of the sun and it had returned.
But the reasoning from these traditions is even weaker than the commentary in support of which they have been presented.
Ibn Taimiyyah has proved as fabricated the tradition about Hadrat `Ali after a detailed discussion of its chains and transmitters.
Imam Ahmad says it has no basis, and Ibn Jauzi says that it is without any doubt a forged tradition.
The tradition of the sun's being brought back on the occasion of the Battle of the Trench also is weak according to some traditionists and fabricated according to others.
As far as the tradition regarding the event of the Ascension is concerned, the truth about it is that when, the Holy Prophet was describing what had happened in the Night of Ascension, before the disbelievers of Makkah, they asked for a proof of it.
The Holy Prophet replied that on the way from Jerusalem he had seen a caravan at such and such a plce, which had met with such and such an accident.
When asked as to when that caravan would reach Makkah, the Holy Prophet named the day.
When the day came, the people of the Quraish waited for the caravan all day till the sun began to set.
On this occasion the Holy Prophet prayed that the sun should not set till the caravan had arrived.
So, the caravan actually arrived before the sunset.
Some reporters even have stated that the day on that occasion had been enhanced by an hour, and the sun had stood still for that long.
The question is: Are such traditions sufficient evidence for the proof of such an extraordinary event? As we have said above, the returning of the sun, or its standing still for an hour, is no ordinary event.
Had such an event actually taken place, it would have become well known the world over.
Its mention and narration could not remain restricted to only a few reporters.

The third section of the commentators interprets these verses as any unbiased person would interpret them from these words.
According to this commentary, what actually happened was this: When a squadron of fine, wellbred horses was presented before the Prophet Solomon, he said: " I love this wealth not for the sake of personal glory or desire but for the cause of raising the Word of my Lord. " Then he ordered that the horses run a race, and they disappeared from sight.
Then he ordered that they be brought back, and when they were brought back, according to Ibn `Abbas: " He started passing his hand on their necks and shanks with love. " This same commentary is correct in our opinion, because it corresponds to the words of the Qur'an, and for the sake of the full meaning, nothing needs to be added to it, which may neither be in the Qur'an, nor in any authentic Hadith, nor in the Israelite history.
Besides, one should also note that Allah has narrated this event immediately after using epithets like ni'm al-'abd, inna-hu awwab ( an excellent servant, who turned to His Lord over and over again ) for the Prophet Solomon.
This clearly shows that the object is to relate this message: Behold, what a good servant of Ours he was! He loved the means of kingly pomp and glory not for the sake of the world but for Our sake! After watching - and reviewing his grand cavalry he did not boast of his power and grandeur like the worldly rulers but even at that time he remembered only Us.

 

Sulayman the Son of Dawud Allah tells us that he gave Sulayman to Dawud as a Prophet, as He says elsewhere: وَوَرِثَ سُلَيْمَـنُ دَاوُودَ ( And Sulayman inherited Dawud ) ( 27:1 ).
meaning, he inherited prophethood from him.
Dawud had other sons besides Sulayman, for he had one hundred free wives. نِعْمَ الْعَبْدُ إِنَّهُ أَوَّابٌ ( How excellent a servant! Verily, he was ever oft-returning in repentance (to Us )!) This is praise for Sulayman, because he was very much obedient, worshipping Allah much and always turning to Allah in repentance. إِذْ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْعَشِىِّ الصَّـفِنَـتُ الْجِيَادُ ( When there were displayed before him, in the afternoon, well trained horses of the highest breed. ) means, these well trained horses were shown to Sulayman, peace be upon him, in his capacity as king and ruler.
Mujahid said, "They were the kind of horses which stand on three legs and raise the fourth, and they were swift horses." This was also the view of several others among the Salaf.
Abu Dawud recorded that `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came back from the campaign of Tabuk or Khaybar, and there was a curtain covering her room.
The wind came and lifted the curtain, revealing some toys belonging to `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her.
The Prophet said: «مَا هَذَا يَا عَائِشَةُ؟» ( What is this, O `A'ishah ) She, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "My toys." Among them he saw a horse with two wings made of cloth.
He said: «مَا هَذَا الَّذِي أَرَى وَسَطَهُنَّ؟» ( What is this that I see in the midst of them ) She, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "A horse." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «مَا هَذَا الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ؟» ( And what is this on it ) She, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "Wings." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «فَرَسٌ لَهُ جَنَاحَانِ؟» ( A horse with two wings ) She, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "Did you not hear that Sulayman, peace be upon him, had a horse that had wings" She, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ smiled so broadly that I could see his molars." فَقَالَ إِنِّى أَحْبَبْتُ حُبَّ الْخَيْرِ عَن ذِكْرِ رَبِى حَتَّى تَوَارَتْ بِالْحِجَابِ ( He said: "I did love the good (i.e., horses ) instead of remembering my Lord" till the time was over, and ( the sun ) had hidden in the veil ( of night )) More than one of the Salaf and scholars of Tafsir mentioned that he was so busy looking at the horses that he missed the time of `Asr prayer.
He did not miss it deliberately, but because of forgetfulness, as happened to the Prophet on the day of Khandaq, when he was too busy to pray `Asr and he prayed it after the sun had set.
This was recorded in the Two Sahihs with more than one chain of narration, including the report from Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, who said, "On the day of Khandaq, `Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, came after the sun had set and started cursing the disbelievers of the Quraysh.
He said, `O Messenger of Allah, I could not pray `Asr until the sun had almost set.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «وَاللهِ مَا صَلَّيْتُهَا» ( By Allah, I did not pray it either. )" He ( Jabir ) said, "So we got up and went to Buthan.
Allah's Prophet performed ablution for the prayer and we too performed ablution.
He prayed `Asr after the sun had set, then he prayed Maghrib after that." رُدُّوهَا عَلَىَّ فَطَفِقَ مَسْحاً بِالسُّوقِ وَالاٌّعْنَاقِ ( Then he said: "Bring them (horses ) back to me." Then he began to pass his hand over their legs and their necks.) Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "He said, `No, by Allah, you will not keep me from worshipping my Lord again,' then he ordered that they should be slaughtered." This was also the view of Qatadah.
As-Suddi said, "Their necks and hamstrings were struck with swords." `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "He began patting the horses' heads and legs out of love for them." This is the view that was favored by Ibn Jarir.
He said, "Because he would not punish an animal by cutting its hamstrings or destroy his own wealth for no other reason than that he had been distracted from his prayer by looking at it, and it was not the animals' fault.
" This view which Ibn Jarir thought more correct is subject to further review, because such action may have been permissible according to their law, especially since he got angry for the sake of Allah for being distracted by these horses until the time for prayer had lapsed.
Then, since he dispensed with them for the sake of Allah, Allah compensated him with something better, the wind which blew gently by his order wherever he willed.
Its morning lasted a month's ( journey ), and its afternoon lasted a month's ( journey ).
This was faster and better than horses.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Qatadah and Abu Ad-Dahma', who traveled a lot to the Ka`bah, said, "We met a man from among the bedouins who said to us: `The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took my hand and started teaching me some of that which Allah had taught him.
He said, «إِنَّكَ لَا تَدَعُ شَيْئًا اتِّقَاءَ اللهِ تَعَالَى إِلَّا أَعْطَاكَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ خَيْرًا مِنْه» ( You do not give up anything for the sake of Allah, but Allah will give you something better than it. )"'

( (Then he said ): Bring them back to me) bring back whatever was shown to me, ( and fell to slashing (with his sword their ) legs and necks) it is also said that he began slashing their necks and legs until the sun disappeared and he missed the ’Asr prayer; this is why he did what he did.

Then he said "Bring them (horses) back to me." Then he began to pass his hand over their legs and their necks (till the end of the display).

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