Surah Nisa ayat 58 Tafsir Quran 4:58

﴿۞ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَن تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهَا وَإِذَا حَكَمْتُم بَيْنَ النَّاسِ أَن تَحْكُمُوا بِالْعَدْلِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ نِعِمَّا يَعِظُكُم بِهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا﴾
[ النساء: 58]

4:58 Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice. Excellent is that which Allah instructs you. Indeed, Allah is ever Hearing and Seeing.

Verily God commands you to restore trusts that is the rights entrusted to you by others back to their owners this was revealed when ‘Alī may God be pleased with him took the key of the Ka‘ba from its keeper ‘Uthmān b. Talha al-Hajabī by force upon the arrival of the Prophet s in Mecca in the year of the Conquest after he ‘Uthmān had tried to prevent him ‘Alī from taking it saying ‘If I had known that he was the Messenger of God I would not have prevented him’. The Messenger of God s then ordered him ‘Alī to give it back to him ‘Uthmān saying to him ‘Here you are it is yours now and always’. He ‘Uthmān was amazed by this whereupon ‘Alī recited to him this verse and he accepted Islam. Upon his death he ‘Uthmān gave it the key to his brother Shayba and thus it remained in the keep of his descendants. Although the verse was revealed regarding a specific occasion it holds true in general on account of the plural person to which it is addressed. And when you judge between people He commands that you judge with justice. Excellent is ni‘immā the mīm of ni‘ima has been assimilated with the indefinite particle mā which is the object described in other words na‘ima shay’an ‘an excellent thing is’ the admonition God gives you to restore a trust and to judge with justice. God is ever Hearer of what is said Seer of what is done.

Allah commands you to characterize yourselves with habitual reverence, obedience and piety and to restore the property and whatever you hold in trust, be, it from Allah or from people, to those who have the rightful claim to it and or -to those who have invested you with the trust. And exercise justice when you sit in judgement upon people, and be consonant with the principles of moral right and in accordance with reason and fact. Allah enjoins only what is right and sound; how morally excellent is what He exhorts you to do; Allah has always been Sami’un with (unlimited audition), and Bassirun, (He sees all that you do)

The Command to Return the Trusts to Whomever They Are Due Allah commands that the trusts be returned to their rightful owners.
Al-Hasan narrated that Samurah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«أَدِّ الْأَمَانَةَ إِلى مَنِ ائْتَمَنَكَ، وَلَا تَخُنْ مَنْ خَانَك»
( Return the trust to those who entrusted you, and do not betray those who betrayed you. ) Imam Ahmad and the collectors of Sunan recorded this Hadith.
This command refers to all things that one is expected to look after, such as Allah's rights on His servants: praying, Zakah, fasting, penalties for sins, vows and so forth.
The command also includes the rights of the servants on each other, such as what they entrust each other with, including the cases that are not recorded or documented.
Allah commands that all types of trusts be fulfillled.
Those who do not implement this command in this life, it will be extracted from them on the Day of Resurrection.
It is recorded in the Sahih that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«لَتُؤَدَّنَّ الْحُقُوقُ إِلى أَهْلِهَا حَتَّى يُقْتَصَّ لِلشَّاةِ الْجَمَّاءِ مِنَ الْقَرْنَاء»
( The rights will be rendered back to those to whom they are due, and even the sheep that does not have horns will take revenge from the horned sheep. ) Ibn Jarir recorded that Ibn Jurayj said about this Ayah, "It was revealed concerning `Uthman bin Talhah from whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took the key of the Ka`bah and entered it on the Day of the victory of Makkah.
When the Prophet went out, he was reciting this Ayah, إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَن تُؤدُّواْ الاحَمَـنَـتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا ( Verily, Allah commands that you should render back the trusts to those, to whom they are due ).
He then called `Uthman and gave the key back to him." Ibn Jarir also narrated that `Umar bin Al-Khattab said, "When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out of the Ka`bah, he was reciting this Ayah, إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَن تُؤدُّواْ الاحَمَـنَـتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا ( Verily, Allah commands that you should render back the trusts to those, to whom they are due ).
May I sacrifice my father and mother for him, I never heard him recite this Ayah before that." It is popular that this is the reason behind revealing the Ayah ( 4:58 ).
Yet, the application of the Ayah is general, and this is why Ibn `Abbas and Muhammad bin Al-Hanafiyyah said, "This Ayah is for the righteous and wicked," meaning it is a command that encompasses everyone. The Order to Be Just Allah said, وَإِذَا حَكَمْتُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ أَن تَحْكُمُواْ بِالْعَدْلِ ( and that when you judge between men, you judge with justice. ) commanding justice when judging between people.
Muhammad bin Ka`b, Zayd bin Aslam and Shahr bin Hawshab said; "This Ayah was revealed about those in authority", meaning those who judge between people.
A Hadith states,
«إِنَّ اللهَ مَعَ الْحَاكِمِ مَا لَمْ يَجُرْ، فَإِذَا جَارَ وَكَلَهُ اللهُ إِلى نَفْسِه»
( Allah is with the judge as long as he does not commit injustice, for when he does, Allah will make him reliant on himself. ) A statement goes, "One day of justice equals forty years of worship." Allah said, إِنَّ اللَّهَ نِعِمَّا يَعِظُكُمْ بِهِ ( Verily, how excellent is the teaching which He (Allah ) gives you!) meaning, His commands to return the trusts to their owners, to judge between people with justice, and all of His complete, perfect and great commandments and laws.
Allah's statement, إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ سَمِيعاً بَصِيراً ( Truly, Allah is Ever All-Hearer, All-Seer. ) means, He hears your statements and knows your actions.

(4:58) Allah commands you to deliver trusts to those worthy of them; and when you judge between people, to judge with justice. *88 Excellent is the admonition Allah gives you. Allah is All-Hearing, All-Seeing.

Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts meaning

*88).
Here the Muslims are forewarned against the evils which had afflicted the Israelites.
One of the fundamental mistakes committed by the Israelites was that in the time of their degeneration they had handed over positions of trust ( i.e.
religious and political leadership ) to incompetent, mean, immoral, dishonest and corrupt people.
The result was that corruption spread throughout the nation.
The Muslims are directed to take heed of this, and to entrust positions of responsibility only to those who are capable of shouldering the burdens of such positions.
The other major weakness of the Israelites was that they completely lost their sense of justice.
In their pursuit of either personal or national interests, honesty and good faith were often sacrificed.
The Muslims, in the time of the Prophet ( peace be on him ), were themselves subjected to gross injustice at their hands.
On the one side were the Prophet ( peace be on him ) and his followers, to whose purity of life and conduct the Jews were themselves witnesses.
On the other side were those who worshipped idols, buried their daughters alive, married their step-mothers and circumambulated the Ka'bah naked.
Despite this, these so-called People of the Book felt no shame in declaring that the latter were closer to righteousness than the Muslims.
After informing the Muslims of the iniquity of the Jews, God now warns them against committing similar injustices.
They should rather declare what is right in the face of friend and foe alike, and judge between people with equity and justice.

 

The Command to Return the Trusts to Whomever They Are Due Allah commands that the trusts be returned to their rightful owners.
Al-Hasan narrated that Samurah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «أَدِّ الْأَمَانَةَ إِلى مَنِ ائْتَمَنَكَ، وَلَا تَخُنْ مَنْ خَانَك» ( Return the trust to those who entrusted you, and do not betray those who betrayed you. ) Imam Ahmad and the collectors of Sunan recorded this Hadith.
This command refers to all things that one is expected to look after, such as Allah's rights on His servants: praying, Zakah, fasting, penalties for sins, vows and so forth.
The command also includes the rights of the servants on each other, such as what they entrust each other with, including the cases that are not recorded or documented.
Allah commands that all types of trusts be fulfillled.
Those who do not implement this command in this life, it will be extracted from them on the Day of Resurrection.
It is recorded in the Sahih that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «لَتُؤَدَّنَّ الْحُقُوقُ إِلى أَهْلِهَا حَتَّى يُقْتَصَّ لِلشَّاةِ الْجَمَّاءِ مِنَ الْقَرْنَاء» ( The rights will be rendered back to those to whom they are due, and even the sheep that does not have horns will take revenge from the horned sheep. ) Ibn Jarir recorded that Ibn Jurayj said about this Ayah, "It was revealed concerning `Uthman bin Talhah from whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took the key of the Ka`bah and entered it on the Day of the victory of Makkah.
When the Prophet went out, he was reciting this Ayah, إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَن تُؤدُّواْ الاحَمَـنَـتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا ( Verily, Allah commands that you should render back the trusts to those, to whom they are due ).
He then called `Uthman and gave the key back to him." Ibn Jarir also narrated that `Umar bin Al-Khattab said, "When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out of the Ka`bah, he was reciting this Ayah, إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَن تُؤدُّواْ الاحَمَـنَـتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا ( Verily, Allah commands that you should render back the trusts to those, to whom they are due ).
May I sacrifice my father and mother for him, I never heard him recite this Ayah before that." It is popular that this is the reason behind revealing the Ayah ( 4:58 ).
Yet, the application of the Ayah is general, and this is why Ibn `Abbas and Muhammad bin Al-Hanafiyyah said, "This Ayah is for the righteous and wicked," meaning it is a command that encompasses everyone. The Order to Be Just Allah said, وَإِذَا حَكَمْتُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ أَن تَحْكُمُواْ بِالْعَدْلِ ( and that when you judge between men, you judge with justice. ) commanding justice when judging between people.
Muhammad bin Ka`b, Zayd bin Aslam and Shahr bin Hawshab said; "This Ayah was revealed about those in authority", meaning those who judge between people.
A Hadith states, «إِنَّ اللهَ مَعَ الْحَاكِمِ مَا لَمْ يَجُرْ، فَإِذَا جَارَ وَكَلَهُ اللهُ إِلى نَفْسِه» ( Allah is with the judge as long as he does not commit injustice, for when he does, Allah will make him reliant on himself. ) A statement goes, "One day of justice equals forty years of worship." Allah said, إِنَّ اللَّهَ نِعِمَّا يَعِظُكُمْ بِهِ ( Verily, how excellent is the teaching which He (Allah ) gives you!) meaning, His commands to return the trusts to their owners, to judge between people with justice, and all of His complete, perfect and great commandments and laws.
Allah's statement, إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ سَمِيعاً بَصِيراً ( Truly, Allah is Ever All-Hearer, All-Seer. ) means, He hears your statements and knows your actions.

Regarding the key that the Prophet ( pbuh ) took from ’Uthman Ibn Talhah as a deposit, Allah commanded His Messenger to give back deposits to their owner, saying: ( Lo! Allah commandeth you that ye restore deposits ) to give back the key ( to their owners ) to ’Uthman Ibn Talhah, ( and, if ye judge between mankind ) between ’Uthman Ibn Talhah and ’Abbas Ibn ’Abd al-Muttalib, ( that you judge justly ) that you give back to ’Uthman and the providing of water ( siqaya ) to al-’Abbas. ( Lo! comely is this which Allah admonisheth you ) comely is this which Allah commands you, of giving back deposits to their owners and judging justly. ( Lo! Allah is ever Hearer ) when al-’Abbas said: O Messenger of Allah! give me both the key and the providing of water, ( Seer ) of what ’Uthman Ibn Talhah did when he refused to give the key and said: By Allah’s trust! Give me my right, O Messenger of Allah!

Verily! Allah commands that you should render back the trusts to those, to whom they are due; and that when you judge between men, you judge with justice. Verily, how excellent is the teaching which He (Allah) gives you! Truly, Allah is Ever All-Hearer, All-Seer.

Page 87 English transliteration