Surah Hud ayat 1 Tafsir Quran 11:1

﴿الر ۚ كِتَابٌ أُحْكِمَتْ آيَاتُهُ ثُمَّ فُصِّلَتْ مِن لَّدُنْ حَكِيمٍ خَبِيرٍ﴾
[ هود: 1]

11:1 Alif, Lam, Ra. [This is] a Book whose verses are perfected and then presented in detail from [one who is] Wise and Acquainted.

Alif lām rā’ God knows best what He means by these letters; this is a Book whose verses have been set clear through marvellous arrangement and wonderful meanings and then detailed expounded through rulings stories and admonitions from One Wise Informed that is from God.

(Alef), L. (Lam), R. (Raa), the Surah opens with these, letters introductory from the Arabic Alphabet to draw attention to the miracle of the Quran which though written in the peoples tongue, cannot be emulated

Which was revealed in Makkah Surah Hud made the Prophet's Hair turn Gray Abu `Isa At-Tirmidhi recorded from Ibn `Abbas that Abu Bakr said, "O Messenger of Allah, verily your hair has turned gray." The Prophet replied,
«شَيَّبَتْنِي هُودٌ وَالْوَاقِعَةُ وَالْمُرْسَلَاتُ وَعَمَّ يَتَسَاءَلُونَ وَإِذَا الشَّمْسُ كُوِّرَت»
( Surahs Hud, Al-Waqi`ah, Al-Mursalat, `Amma Yatasa'lun An-Naba' and Idhash-Shamsu Kuwwirat At-Takwir have turned my hair gray. ) In another narration he said,
«هُودٌ وَأَخَوَاتُهَا»
( Surah Hud and its sisters... ) بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Qur'an and its Call to ( worship ) Allah Alone A discussion concerning the letters of the alphabet ( which appear at the beginning of some chapters of the Qur'an ) has already preceded at the beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah.
That discussion is sufficient without any need for repetition here.
Concerning Allah's statement, أُحْكِمَتْ ءايَـتُهُ ثُمَّ فُصِّلَتْ ( The Ayat whereof are perfect and then explained in detail ) This means perfect in its wording, detailed in its meaning.
Thus, it is complete in its form and its meaning.
This interpretation was reported from Mujahid and Qatadah, and Ibn Jarir At-Tabari preferred it.
Concerning the meaning of Allah's statement, مِن لَّدُنْ حَكِيمٍ خَبِيرٍ ( from One (Allah ), Who is All-Wise, Well-Acquainted.) This means that it ( the Qur'an ) is from Allah, Who is Most Wise in His statements and His Laws, and Most Aware of the final outcome of matters. أَلاَّ تَعْبُدُواْ إِلاَّ اللَّهَ ( (Saying ) worship none but Allah.) This means that this Qur'an descended, perfect and detailed, with the purpose of Allah's worship alone, without any partners.
This is similar to the statement of Allah, the Exalted, وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلاَّ نُوحِى إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ أَنَاْ فَاعْبُدُونِ ( And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed to him (saying ): There is no God but I, so worship Me.) 21:25 It is similar to Allah's statement, وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِى كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَّسُولاً أَنِ اعْبُدُواْ اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُواْ الْطَّـغُوتَ ( And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming ): `Worship Allah ( Alone ), and avoid Taghut ( calling false deities. )')16:36 In reference to Allah's statement, إِنَّنِى لَكُمْ مِّنْهُ نَذِيرٌ وَبَشِيرٌ ( Verily, I am unto you from Him a warner and a bringer of glad tidings. ) This means, "Verily, I am unto you a warner of the punishment if you oppose Him ( Allah ), and a bringer of the good news of reward if you obey Him." This meaning has been recorded in the authentic Hadith which states that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ascended mount As-Safa and called out to his near relatives of the Quraysh tribe.
When they gathered around him, he said,
«يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ أَرَأَيْتُمْ لَوْ أَخْبَرْتُكُمْ أَنَّ خَيْلًا تُصَبِّحُكُمْ أَلَسْتُمْ مُصَدِّقِيَّ؟»
( O people of Quraysh, if I informed you that a cavalry was going to attack you in the morning, would you not believe me ) They replied, "We have not found you to be a liar." He said,
«فَإِنِّي نَذِيرٌ لَكُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَي عَذَابٍ شَدِيد»
( Verily I am a warner unto you before a severe punishment. ) Concerning His statement, وَأَنِ اسْتَغْفِرُواْ رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُواْ إِلَيْهِ يُمَتِّعْكُمْ مَّتَاعًا حَسَنًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى وَيُؤْتِ كُلَّ ذِي فَضْلٍ فَضْلَهُ ( And (commanding you ): `Seek the forgiveness of your Lord, and turn to Him in repentance, that He may grant you good enjoyment, for a term appointed, and bestow His abounding grace to every owner of grace.) This means, "I am commanding you to seek forgiveness from previous sins and to turn to Allah from future sins, and thereafter you abide by that." يُمَتِّعْكُمْ مَّتَاعًا حَسَنًا ( that He may grant you good enjoyment, ) This is in reference to this worldly life. إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى وَيُؤْتِ كُلَّ ذِي فَضْلٍ فَضْلَهُ ( for a term appointed, and bestow His abounding grace to every owner of grace. ) This refers to the Hereafter, according to Qatadah.
"This is like the statement of Allah, مَنْ عَمِلَ صَـلِحاً مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَلَنُحْيِيَنَّهُ حَيَوةً طَيِّبَةً ( Whoever works righteousness -- whether male or female -- while a true believer, verily to him We will give a good life. )16:97 Concerning Allah's statement, وَإِن تَوَلَّوْاْ فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ كَبِيرٍ ( But if you turn away, then I fear for you the torment of a Great Day. ) This is a severe threat for whoever turns away from the commandments of Allah, the Exalted, and rejects His Messengers.
Verily, the punishment will afflict such a person on the Day of Resurrection and there will be no escape from it. إِلَى الله مَرْجِعُكُمْ ( To Allah is your return, ) This is means your return on the Day of Judgement. وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ( and He is able to do all things. ) This means that He is capable of doing whatever He wishes, whether it be goodness towards His Awliya' ( friends and allies ), or vengeance upon His enemies.
This also includes His ability to repeat the creation of His creatures on the Day of Resurrection.
This section encourages fear, just as the previous section encourages hope.

(11:1) Alif. Lam. Ra. This is a Divine Command *1 whose contents have been made firm and set forth in detail *2 from One Who is All-Wise, All-Aware

Alif, Lam, Ra. [This is] a Book meaning

*1).
In keeping with the context, the word Kitab has here been rendered as 'Divine command'.
The word Kitab in its Arabic usage denotes not only book or inscription, but also writ and command.
There are several instances in the Qur'an of the use of the word in the latter sense.
( See, for instance, al-Baqarah 2: 235, al-Ra'd 13: 38.
The significance of 'command' is especially evident from the usage of k t b derivates in the passive tense: see al-Baqarah 2: 180, 183, 216, 246, etc.
- Ed. )
*2).
The contents of this 'command' are firm and unalterable.
In addition, the Qur'an is free from the verbosity of orators, the fanciful imagination of poets, the spellbinding rhetoric of litterateurs.
Instead, the teachings of the Qur'an have been set forth with remarkable clarity and precision.
Thus, in the Qur'anic text we do not find even a single word that is superfluous, nor a single word that is lacking.
Moreover, the verses expound the teachings of the Qur'an in such a manner that they are at once elaborate and lucid.

 

Which was revealed in Makkah Surah Hud made the Prophet's Hair turn Gray Abu `Isa At-Tirmidhi recorded from Ibn `Abbas that Abu Bakr said, "O Messenger of Allah, verily your hair has turned gray." The Prophet replied, «شَيَّبَتْنِي هُودٌ وَالْوَاقِعَةُ وَالْمُرْسَلَاتُ وَعَمَّ يَتَسَاءَلُونَ وَإِذَا الشَّمْسُ كُوِّرَت» ( Surahs Hud, Al-Waqi`ah, Al-Mursalat, `Amma Yatasa'lun An-Naba' and Idhash-Shamsu Kuwwirat At-Takwir have turned my hair gray. ) In another narration he said, «هُودٌ وَأَخَوَاتُهَا» ( Surah Hud and its sisters... ) بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Qur'an and its Call to ( worship ) Allah Alone A discussion concerning the letters of the alphabet ( which appear at the beginning of some chapters of the Qur'an ) has already preceded at the beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah.
That discussion is sufficient without any need for repetition here.
Concerning Allah's statement, أُحْكِمَتْ ءايَـتُهُ ثُمَّ فُصِّلَتْ ( The Ayat whereof are perfect and then explained in detail ) This means perfect in its wording, detailed in its meaning.
Thus, it is complete in its form and its meaning.
This interpretation was reported from Mujahid and Qatadah, and Ibn Jarir At-Tabari preferred it.
Concerning the meaning of Allah's statement, مِن لَّدُنْ حَكِيمٍ خَبِيرٍ ( from One (Allah ), Who is All-Wise, Well-Acquainted.) This means that it ( the Qur'an ) is from Allah, Who is Most Wise in His statements and His Laws, and Most Aware of the final outcome of matters. أَلاَّ تَعْبُدُواْ إِلاَّ اللَّهَ ( (Saying ) worship none but Allah.) This means that this Qur'an descended, perfect and detailed, with the purpose of Allah's worship alone, without any partners.
This is similar to the statement of Allah, the Exalted, وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلاَّ نُوحِى إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ أَنَاْ فَاعْبُدُونِ ( And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed to him (saying ): There is no God but I, so worship Me.) 21:25 It is similar to Allah's statement, وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِى كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَّسُولاً أَنِ اعْبُدُواْ اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُواْ الْطَّـغُوتَ ( And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming ): `Worship Allah ( Alone ), and avoid Taghut ( calling false deities. )')16:36 In reference to Allah's statement, إِنَّنِى لَكُمْ مِّنْهُ نَذِيرٌ وَبَشِيرٌ ( Verily, I am unto you from Him a warner and a bringer of glad tidings. ) This means, "Verily, I am unto you a warner of the punishment if you oppose Him ( Allah ), and a bringer of the good news of reward if you obey Him." This meaning has been recorded in the authentic Hadith which states that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ascended mount As-Safa and called out to his near relatives of the Quraysh tribe.
When they gathered around him, he said, «يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ أَرَأَيْتُمْ لَوْ أَخْبَرْتُكُمْ أَنَّ خَيْلًا تُصَبِّحُكُمْ أَلَسْتُمْ مُصَدِّقِيَّ؟» ( O people of Quraysh, if I informed you that a cavalry was going to attack you in the morning, would you not believe me ) They replied, "We have not found you to be a liar." He said, «فَإِنِّي نَذِيرٌ لَكُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَي عَذَابٍ شَدِيد» ( Verily I am a warner unto you before a severe punishment. ) Concerning His statement, وَأَنِ اسْتَغْفِرُواْ رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُواْ إِلَيْهِ يُمَتِّعْكُمْ مَّتَاعًا حَسَنًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى وَيُؤْتِ كُلَّ ذِي فَضْلٍ فَضْلَهُ ( And (commanding you ): `Seek the forgiveness of your Lord, and turn to Him in repentance, that He may grant you good enjoyment, for a term appointed, and bestow His abounding grace to every owner of grace.) This means, "I am commanding you to seek forgiveness from previous sins and to turn to Allah from future sins, and thereafter you abide by that." يُمَتِّعْكُمْ مَّتَاعًا حَسَنًا ( that He may grant you good enjoyment, ) This is in reference to this worldly life. إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى وَيُؤْتِ كُلَّ ذِي فَضْلٍ فَضْلَهُ ( for a term appointed, and bestow His abounding grace to every owner of grace. ) This refers to the Hereafter, according to Qatadah.
"This is like the statement of Allah, مَنْ عَمِلَ صَـلِحاً مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَلَنُحْيِيَنَّهُ حَيَوةً طَيِّبَةً ( Whoever works righteousness -- whether male or female -- while a true believer, verily to him We will give a good life. )16:97 Concerning Allah's statement, وَإِن تَوَلَّوْاْ فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ كَبِيرٍ ( But if you turn away, then I fear for you the torment of a Great Day. ) This is a severe threat for whoever turns away from the commandments of Allah, the Exalted, and rejects His Messengers.
Verily, the punishment will afflict such a person on the Day of Resurrection and there will be no escape from it. إِلَى الله مَرْجِعُكُمْ ( To Allah is your return, ) This is means your return on the Day of Judgement. وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ( and He is able to do all things. ) This means that He is capable of doing whatever He wishes, whether it be goodness towards His Awliya' ( friends and allies ), or vengeance upon His enemies.
This also includes His ability to repeat the creation of His creatures on the Day of Resurrection.
This section encourages fear, just as the previous section encourages hope.

And from his narration on the authority of Ibn ’Abbas that he said in explanation of the word of Allah ( Alif. Lam. Ra. ): ’( Alif. Lam. Ra. ) Allah says: I am Allah, I see; as it is said that this is an oath by which Allah swore. ( (This is ) a Scripture) i.e. the Qur’an ( the revelations whereof are perfected ) expositing the lawful and the prohibited, the commands and prohibitions ( and then exposited ) and then elucidated. ( (It cometh ) from One Wise) Who has ruled that none should be worshiped but He, ( Informed ) of he who worships and him who worships not,

Alif-Lam-Ra. [These letters are one of the miracles of the Quran and none but Allah (Alone) knows their meanings]. (This is) a Book, the Verses whereof are perfected (in every sphere of knowledge, etc.), and then explained in detail from One (Allah), Who is All-Wise and Well-Acquainted (with all things).

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