Surah Mumtahina ayat 1 Tafsir Quran 60:1

﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا عَدُوِّي وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِم بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَقَدْ كَفَرُوا بِمَا جَاءَكُم مِّنَ الْحَقِّ يُخْرِجُونَ الرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّاكُمْ ۙ أَن تُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ رَبِّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ خَرَجْتُمْ جِهَادًا فِي سَبِيلِي وَابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِي ۚ تُسِرُّونَ إِلَيْهِم بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَأَنَا أَعْلَمُ بِمَا أَخْفَيْتُمْ وَمَا أَعْلَنتُمْ ۚ وَمَن يَفْعَلْهُ مِنكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَاءَ السَّبِيلِ﴾
[ الممتحنة: 1]

60:1 O you who have believed, do not take My enemies and your enemies as allies, extending to them affection while they have disbelieved in what came to you of the truth, having driven out the Prophet and yourselves [only] because you believe in Allah, your Lord. If you have come out for jihad in My cause and seeking means to My approval, [take them not as friends]. You confide to them affection, but I am most knowing of what you have concealed and what you have declared. And whoever does it among you has certainly strayed from the soundness of the way.

O you who believe do not take My enemy and your enemy namely the disbelievers of Mecca for friends. You offer you communicate to them the Prophet’s plan s to attack them which he had confided to you and had kept secret at Hunayn communicating this to them out of affection between you and them. Hātib b. Abī Balta‘a sent them a letter to that effect on account of his having children and close relatives idolaters among them. The Prophet s intercepted it from the person to whom he Hātib had given it to deliver after God apprised him of this. Hātib’s excuse for this conduct of his was accepted by the Prophet; when verily they have disbelieved in the truth that has come to you that is in the religion of Islam and the Qur’ān expelling the Messenger and you from Mecca by oppressing you because you believe in God your Lord. If you have gone forth to struggle in My way and to seek My pleasure … the response to the conditional is indicated by what preceded that is to say understand it as being ‘then do not take them as friends’. You secretly harbour affection for them when I know well what you hide and what you proclaim. And whoever among you does that that is to secretly communicate the Prophet’s news to them has verily strayed from the right way he has missed the path of guidance originally al-sawā’ means ‘the middle way’.

O you. whose hearts reflect the image of religious and spiritual virtues: do not make a friendly intimacy with My enemy and yours who are disposed to strive against Allah and His cause and against the Messenger and his Faith. You regard them with tenderness when they have denied Allah and denied the truth you have received. They drove the Messenger along with you out of their midst, and ousted you of your privileges, for no reason other than the war of disbelief against belief in Allah, your Creator. If indeed you have gone to war to strive in My cause and to serve and satisfy My purpose, then how could you make a friendly intimacy with My enemies and regard them with tenderness! I know well what your breasts store of thoughts and feelings and what your breasts forge, I know what you converse secretly and utter below your breath, and what you suggest secretly to the mind. I also know what you avow openly and openly disclose, and what you utter loudly, and all that is being said. Therefore, he, who amongst you attempts to do this, will have wronged himself and wandered from the path of righteousness.. .. Seen the hungry ocean gain advantage on the kingdom of the shore. Shakespeare

Which was revealed in Al-Madinah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Reason behind revealing Surat Al-Mumtahanah The story of Hatib bin Abi Balta`ah is the reason behind revealing the beginning of this honorable Surah.
Hatib was among the Early Emigrants and participated in the battle of Badr.
Hatib had children and wealth in Makkah, but he was not from the tribe of Quraysh.
Rather, he was an ally of `Uthman.
When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ decided to conquer Makkah, after its people broke the peace treaty between them, he ordered the Muslims to mobilize their forces to attack Makkah, and then said,
«اللْهُمَّ عَمِّ عَلَيْهِمْ خَبَرَنَا»
( O Allah! Keep our news concealed from them. ) Hatib wrote a letter and sent it to the people of Makkah, with a woman from the tribe of Quraysh, informing them of the Messenger's intent to attack them.
He wanted them to be indebted to him so that they would grant safety to his family in Makkah.
Allah the Exalted conveyed this matter to His Messenger , because He accepted the Prophet's invocation to Him to conceal the news of the attack.
The Prophet sent someone after the woman and retrieved the letter.
This story is collected in the Two Sahihs.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Hasan bin Muhammad bin `Ali said that `Abdullah bin Abu Rafi` -- or Ubaydullah bin Abu Rafi` -- said that he heard `Ali say, "Allah's Messenger ﷺ sent me, Zubayr and Al-Miqdad saying,
«انْطَلِقُوا حَتْى تَأْتُوا رَوْضَةَ خَاخٍ فَإِنَّ بِهَا ظَعِينَةً مَعَهَا كِتَابٌ فَخُذُوهُ مِنْهَا»
( Proceed until you reach Rawdat Khakh, where there is a lady carrying a letter.
Take that letter from her. ) So we proceeded on our way, with our horses galloping, until we reached the Rawdah.
There we found the lady and said to her, `Take out the letter.' She said, `I am not carrying a letter.' We said, `Take out the letter, or else we will take off your clothes.' So she took it out of her braid, and we brought the letter to Allah's Messenger ﷺ.
The letter was addressed from Hatib bin Abu Balta`ah to some pagans of Makkah, telling them about what Allah's Messenger ﷺ intended to do.
Allah's Messenger ﷺ said,
«يَا حَاطِبُ، مَا هَذَا؟»
( O Hatib! What is this ) Hatib replied, `O Allah's Messenger! Do not make a hasty decision about me.
I was a person not belonging to Quraysh, but I was an ally to them.
All the Emigrants who were with you have kinsmen ( in Makkah ) who can protect their families.
So I wanted to do them a favor, so they might protect my relatives, as I have no blood relation with them.
I did not do this out of disbelief or to renegade from my religion, nor did I do it to choose disbelief after Islam.' Allah's Messenger ﷺ said to his Companions,
«إِنَّهُ صَدَقَكُم»
( Regarding him, he has told you the truth. ) `Umar said, `O Allah's Messenger! Allow me to chop off the head of this hypocrite!' The Prophet said,
«إِنَّهُ قَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا، وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ اللهَ اطَّلَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ فَقَالَ:اعْمَلُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ فَقَدْ غَفَرْتُ لَكُم»
( He attended Badr.
What can I tell you, perhaps Allah looked at those who attended Badr and said, "O the people of Badr, do what you like, for I have forgiven you." )" The Group with the exception of Ibn Majah, collected this Hadith using various chains of narration that included Sufyan bin `Uyaynah.
Al-Bukhari added in his narration in the chapter on the Prophet's battles, "Then Allah revealed the Surah, يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ عَدُوِّى وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَآءَ ( O you who believe! Take not my enemies and your enemies as protecting friends... ) " Al-Bukhari said in another part of his Sahih, `Amr ( one of the narrators of the Hadith ) said, "This Ayah, يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ عَدُوِّى وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَآءَ ( O you who believe! Take not my enemies and your enemies as protecting friends'... ) was revealed about Hatib, but I do not know if the Ayah was mentioned in the Hadith ( or was added as an explanation by one of the narrators )." Al-Bukhari also said that `Ali bin Al-Madini said that Sufyan bin `Uyaynah was asked, "Is this why this Ayah, لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ عَدُوِّى وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَآءَ ( O you who believe! Take not my enemies and your enemies as protecting friends. ) was revealed" Sufyan said, "This is the narration that I collected from `Amr, I did not leave a letter out of it.
I do not know if anyone else memorized the same words for it." The Command to have Enmity towards the Disbelievers and to abandon supporting Them Allah's statement, يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ عَدُوِّى وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَآءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَقَدْ كَفَرُواْ بِمَا جَآءَكُمْ مِّنَ الْحَقِّ ( O you who believe! Take not My enemies and your enemies as protecting friends showing affection towards them, while they have disbelieved in what has come to you of the truth, ) refers to the idolators and the disbelievers who are combatants against Allah, His Messenger and the believers.
It is they whom Allah has decided should be our enemies and should be fought.
Allah has forbidden the believers to take them as friends, supporters or companions.
Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah , يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِّنكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ ( O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as protecting friends, they are but protecting friends of each other.
And if any among you takes them (as such ), then surely, he is one of them.) ( 5:51 ) This Ayah contains a stern warning and a sure threat.
Allah the Exalted said, يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُواْ دِينَكُمْ هُزُواً وَلَعِباً مِّنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ وَالْكُفَّارَ أَوْلِيَآءَ وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ( O you who believe! Take not as protecting friends those who take your religion as a mockery and fun from among those who received the Scripture before you, nor from among the disbelievers; and have Taqwa of Allah if you indeed are true believers. ) ( 5:57 ) يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْكَـفِرِينَ أَوْلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَتُرِيدُونَ أَن تَجْعَلُواْ للَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ سُلْطَاناً مُّبِيناً ( O you who believe! Take not for protecting friends disbelievers instead of believers.
Do you wish to offer Allah a manifest proof against yourselves ) ( 4:144 ) and, لاَّ يَتَّخِذِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْكَـفِرِينَ أَوْلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَىْءٍ إِلاَ أَن تَتَّقُواْ مِنْهُمْ تُقَـةً وَيُحَذِّرْكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ ( Let not the believers take the disbelievers as protecting friends instead of the believers, and whoever does that will never be helped by Allah in any way, except if you indeed fear a danger from them.
And Allah warns you against Himself (His punishment ).) ( 3:28 ) This is why Allah's Messenger ﷺ accepted Hatib's excuse when he said that he only wanted to have a favor on the Quraysh, because of the property and family members he left behind in Makkah.
Allah's statement, يُخْرِجُونَ الرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّـكُمْ ( and have driven out the Messenger and yourselves ( from your homeland )) follows His encouragement to fight against them and to avoid being their supporters.
This is because they expelled the Messenger and his Companions on account of their hatred for Tawhid and worshipping Allah alone in sincerity.
This is why Allah the Exalted said, أَن تُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ رَبِّكُمْ ( because you believe in Allah, your Lord! ) meaning, `your only fault is that you believed in Allah, Lord of all that exists.' Allah the Exalted said in other Ayat, وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ ( And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, Almighty, Al-Hamid! ) ( 85:8 ) and, الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُواْ مِن دِيَـرِهِم بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ إِلاَّ أَن يَقُولُواْ رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ ( Those who have been expelled from their homes unjustly only because they said: "Our Lord is Allah." ) ( 22:40 ) Allah said, إِن كُنتُمْ خَرَجْتُمْ جِهَاداً فِى سَبِيلِى وَابْتِغَآءَ مَرْضَاتِى ( If you have come forth to strive in My cause and to seek My good pleasure. ) Allah says, `if you are as described here, then do not take the disbelievers as supporters.
If you migrated in Jihad for My cause and for seeking My pleasure, then do not take My enemies and your enemies as protecting friends, after they expelled you from your homes and property in rage against you and rejection of your religion.' Allah's statement, تُسِرُّونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَأَنَاْ أَعْلَمُ بِمَآ أَخْفَيْتُمْ وَمَآ أَعْلَنتُمْ ( You show friendship to them in secret, while I am All-Aware of what you conceal and what you reveal. ) Allah asks, `do you do this while I know the secrets of the hearts, the intentions and all apparent things,' وَمَن يَفْعَلْهُ مِنكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَآءَ السَّبِيلِإِن يَثْقَفُوكُمْ يَكُونُواْ لَكُمْ أَعْدَآءً وَيَبْسُطُواْ إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَأَلْسِنَتَهُمْ بِالسُّوءِ ( And whosoever of you does that, then indeed he has gone astray from the straight path.
Should they gain the upper hand over you, they would behave to you as enemies, and stretch forth their hands and their tongues against you with evil, ) meaning, `if they gain the upper hand over you, they would use every type of harm in their disposal to hurt you in words and action,' وَوَدُّواْ لَوْ تَكْفُرُونَ ( and they desire that you should disbelieve. ) meaning, `they are eager that you do not earn any good.
Therefore, their enmity to you is outward and inward, so how can you become supporters of this type of people' This also encourages the enmity.
Allah's statement, لَن تَنفَعَكُمْ أَرْحَـمُكُمْ وَلاَ أَوْلَـدُكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ ( Neither your relatives nor your children will benefit you on the Day of Resurrection.
He will judge between you.
And Allah is the All-Seer of what you do. ) means, `your family relations will not benefit you with Allah if Allah decided to cause harm your way.
Your relations will not benefit you if you please them with what angers Allah.' Those who agree with their family being disbelievers in order to please them will have earned loss and failure and their deeds will be rendered invalid.
Their relation will not benefit them with Allah, even if their relation was with a Prophet.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas said that a man said, "O Allah's Messenger! Where is my father" He said,
«فِي النَّار»
( In the Fire. ) When the man went away, the Prophet called him back and said:
«إِنَّ أَبِي وَأَبَاكَ فِي النَّار»
( Verily, my father and your father are in the Fire. ) Muslim and Abu Dawud also collected this Hadith.

(60:1) Believers, *1 if you have left (your homes and) have come forth to struggle in My Way and to seek My good pleasure, do not make friends with My enemies and your enemies. You befriend them whereas they have spurned the Truth that has come to you; and (such is their enmity that) they expel the Messenger and yourselves for no other reason than that you believe in Allah, your Lord. You send to them messages of friendship in secrecy, although I know well whatever you do, be it secretly or publicly. And whosoever of you does so has indeed strayed far away from the Straight Path.

O you who have believed, do not meaning

*1) It would be appropriate to give at the outset the details of the incident concerning which these verses were sent down so that the subject that follows is understood easily.
The commentators are agreed, and Ibn 'Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, 'Urwah bin Zubair and others also have unanimously reported, that these verses were revealed at the time when a letter of Hadrat Hatib bin Abi Balta'a to the pagans of Makkah was intercepted.

It so happened that, when the Quraish broke the Treaty of Hudaibiyah, the Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) started making preparations for an invasion of Makkah, but he did not tell anyone, except a few close Companions, what was the goal of the expedition.
By chance at about the same time a woman arrived from Makkah, who had been a slave-girl of the Bani 'Abdul Muttalib, and then after her freedom had adopted singing as her profession.
She complained of poverty to the Holy Prophet and requested for financial help.
The Holy Prophet appealed to the Bani 'Abdul Muttalib and the Bani al-Muttalib and satisfied her need.
When she was about to leave for Makkah, Hadrat Hatib bin Abi Balta'a met her and quietly gave her a letter addressed to some of the.Makkah chiefs and paid her ten dinars so that she kept the secret and carried the letter to the addressees secretly.
When she had just left Madinah, Allah informed the Holy Prophet ( Upon whom be Allah's peace ) of it.
So the Holy Prophet immediately sent Hadrat 'AIi, Hadrat Zubair and Hadrat Miqdad bin Aswad after her with the instruction: " Make haste: At Raudah khaki ( 12 rules from Madinah on the road to Makkah ) you will meet a woman, who carries a letter from Hatib to the pagans of Makkah Seize that letter by any means you like.
If she delivers the letter willingly, Iet her go; if she refuses to deliver it, kill her. " When these Companions reached the place, they found the woman there They demanded the letter from her.
She replied that she had a letter.
They searched her but could find no letter.
At last, they told her to deliver the letter, otherwise they would strip her and search her.
Whe she saw that there was no way of escape, she took out the letter from her hair-plait and delivered it to them, and they brought it to the Holy Prophet.
When the letter was opened and read it was found to contain information to the Quraish that the Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) was making preparations to attack them.
( In different traditions different wordings of the letter have been reported but the purport of all is one and the same ).
The Holy Prophet asked Hadrat Hatib what induced him to act thus.
He replied: " Sir, do not make haste in this matter of mine.
I have not done this because I have become a disbeliever or an apostate, and have started preferring disbelief to Islam.
But the truth is that my near and dear ones arc still in Makkah.
I do not belong to the tribe of the Quraish, but had settled there under the guardianship of some of them.
The families of the Emigrants, which are still in Makkah, will be defended and protected by their tribes and clans, but 1 have no tribe, which could give protection to my family.
Therefore, I sent this letter in order to keep the Quraish under obligation so that they did not harm my children.
" ( According to Hadrat Hatib's .son `Abdur Rahman, Hadrat Habit had his children and brother still in Makkah at that time, and according to Hadrat Hatib's own report his mother also was there ).
Hearing what Hatib had to say, the Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) said to the people: " Hatib has told you the truth.
" That is, the real motive of his action was this and not any treachery against Islam or any intention to support disbelief.
Hadrat `Umar rose and said: " Permit me, O Messenger of AIlah, that I should cut off this hypocrite's head: he has been treacherous to Allah and His Messenger and the Muslims. " The Holy Prophet said: " This man has participated in the Battle of Badr: You may not know, O `Umar, Allah may have looked favourably at the people of Badr and said: "Do as you please, I have forgiven you.
" ( The words in the last sentence are different in different traditions.
In some these are to the effect: "I have granted you forgiveness" ; in some other: I am your Forgiver "; and in still an other: " I will forgive you. " ) Hearing this Hadrat 'Umar wept and said: " Allah and His Messenger have the best knowledge.
" This is a resume of those many traditions which Bukhari, Muslim, Ahmad, Abu Da'ud, Timidhi Nasa'i, Ibn Jarir Tabari, Ibn Hisham, Ibn Hibban and Ibn Abi Hatim have related on the authority of several reliable transmitters.
The most authentic of these is the tradition which Hadrat `Ali's secretary, 'Ubaidullah bin Abu Rafi', heard from Hadrat `Ali himself, and from him Hadrat 'Ali's grandson, Hasan bin Muhammad bin Hanafiyah, heard and conveyed to the later reporters.
In none of these there is .any mention that Hadrat Hatib was pardoned when he presented this excuse.
But there is no hint either to show that he was awarded some punishment.
That is why the Muslim scholars have concluded that Hadrat Hatib's excuse was accepted and he was pardoned.

Which was revealed in Al-Madinah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Reason behind revealing Surat Al-Mumtahanah The story of Hatib bin Abi Balta`ah is the reason behind revealing the beginning of this honorable Surah.
Hatib was among the Early Emigrants and participated in the battle of Badr.
Hatib had children and wealth in Makkah, but he was not from the tribe of Quraysh.
Rather, he was an ally of `Uthman.
When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ decided to conquer Makkah, after its people broke the peace treaty between them, he ordered the Muslims to mobilize their forces to attack Makkah, and then said, «اللْهُمَّ عَمِّ عَلَيْهِمْ خَبَرَنَا» ( O Allah! Keep our news concealed from them. ) Hatib wrote a letter and sent it to the people of Makkah, with a woman from the tribe of Quraysh, informing them of the Messenger's intent to attack them.
He wanted them to be indebted to him so that they would grant safety to his family in Makkah.
Allah the Exalted conveyed this matter to His Messenger , because He accepted the Prophet's invocation to Him to conceal the news of the attack.
The Prophet sent someone after the woman and retrieved the letter.
This story is collected in the Two Sahihs.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Hasan bin Muhammad bin `Ali said that `Abdullah bin Abu Rafi` -- or Ubaydullah bin Abu Rafi` -- said that he heard `Ali say, "Allah's Messenger ﷺ sent me, Zubayr and Al-Miqdad saying, «انْطَلِقُوا حَتْى تَأْتُوا رَوْضَةَ خَاخٍ فَإِنَّ بِهَا ظَعِينَةً مَعَهَا كِتَابٌ فَخُذُوهُ مِنْهَا» ( Proceed until you reach Rawdat Khakh, where there is a lady carrying a letter.
Take that letter from her. ) So we proceeded on our way, with our horses galloping, until we reached the Rawdah.
There we found the lady and said to her, `Take out the letter.' She said, `I am not carrying a letter.' We said, `Take out the letter, or else we will take off your clothes.' So she took it out of her braid, and we brought the letter to Allah's Messenger ﷺ.
The letter was addressed from Hatib bin Abu Balta`ah to some pagans of Makkah, telling them about what Allah's Messenger ﷺ intended to do.
Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, «يَا حَاطِبُ، مَا هَذَا؟» ( O Hatib! What is this ) Hatib replied, `O Allah's Messenger! Do not make a hasty decision about me.
I was a person not belonging to Quraysh, but I was an ally to them.
All the Emigrants who were with you have kinsmen ( in Makkah ) who can protect their families.
So I wanted to do them a favor, so they might protect my relatives, as I have no blood relation with them.
I did not do this out of disbelief or to renegade from my religion, nor did I do it to choose disbelief after Islam.' Allah's Messenger ﷺ said to his Companions, «إِنَّهُ صَدَقَكُم» ( Regarding him, he has told you the truth. ) `Umar said, `O Allah's Messenger! Allow me to chop off the head of this hypocrite!' The Prophet said, «إِنَّهُ قَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا، وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ اللهَ اطَّلَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ فَقَالَ:اعْمَلُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ فَقَدْ غَفَرْتُ لَكُم» ( He attended Badr.
What can I tell you, perhaps Allah looked at those who attended Badr and said, "O the people of Badr, do what you like, for I have forgiven you." )" The Group with the exception of Ibn Majah, collected this Hadith using various chains of narration that included Sufyan bin `Uyaynah.
Al-Bukhari added in his narration in the chapter on the Prophet's battles, "Then Allah revealed the Surah, يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ عَدُوِّى وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَآءَ ( O you who believe! Take not my enemies and your enemies as protecting friends... ) " Al-Bukhari said in another part of his Sahih, `Amr ( one of the narrators of the Hadith ) said, "This Ayah, يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ عَدُوِّى وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَآءَ ( O you who believe! Take not my enemies and your enemies as protecting friends'... ) was revealed about Hatib, but I do not know if the Ayah was mentioned in the Hadith ( or was added as an explanation by one of the narrators )." Al-Bukhari also said that `Ali bin Al-Madini said that Sufyan bin `Uyaynah was asked, "Is this why this Ayah, لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ عَدُوِّى وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَآءَ ( O you who believe! Take not my enemies and your enemies as protecting friends. ) was revealed" Sufyan said, "This is the narration that I collected from `Amr, I did not leave a letter out of it.
I do not know if anyone else memorized the same words for it." The Command to have Enmity towards the Disbelievers and to abandon supporting Them Allah's statement, يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ عَدُوِّى وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَآءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَقَدْ كَفَرُواْ بِمَا جَآءَكُمْ مِّنَ الْحَقِّ ( O you who believe! Take not My enemies and your enemies as protecting friends showing affection towards them, while they have disbelieved in what has come to you of the truth, ) refers to the idolators and the disbelievers who are combatants against Allah, His Messenger and the believers.
It is they whom Allah has decided should be our enemies and should be fought.
Allah has forbidden the believers to take them as friends, supporters or companions.
Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah , يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِّنكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ ( O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as protecting friends, they are but protecting friends of each other.
And if any among you takes them (as such ), then surely, he is one of them.) ( 5:51 ) This Ayah contains a stern warning and a sure threat.
Allah the Exalted said, يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُواْ دِينَكُمْ هُزُواً وَلَعِباً مِّنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ وَالْكُفَّارَ أَوْلِيَآءَ وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ( O you who believe! Take not as protecting friends those who take your religion as a mockery and fun from among those who received the Scripture before you, nor from among the disbelievers; and have Taqwa of Allah if you indeed are true believers. ) ( 5:57 ) يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْكَـفِرِينَ أَوْلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَتُرِيدُونَ أَن تَجْعَلُواْ للَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ سُلْطَاناً مُّبِيناً ( O you who believe! Take not for protecting friends disbelievers instead of believers.
Do you wish to offer Allah a manifest proof against yourselves ) ( 4:144 ) and, لاَّ يَتَّخِذِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْكَـفِرِينَ أَوْلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَىْءٍ إِلاَ أَن تَتَّقُواْ مِنْهُمْ تُقَـةً وَيُحَذِّرْكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ ( Let not the believers take the disbelievers as protecting friends instead of the believers, and whoever does that will never be helped by Allah in any way, except if you indeed fear a danger from them.
And Allah warns you against Himself (His punishment ).) ( 3:28 ) This is why Allah's Messenger ﷺ accepted Hatib's excuse when he said that he only wanted to have a favor on the Quraysh, because of the property and family members he left behind in Makkah.
Allah's statement, يُخْرِجُونَ الرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّـكُمْ ( and have driven out the Messenger and yourselves ( from your homeland )) follows His encouragement to fight against them and to avoid being their supporters.
This is because they expelled the Messenger and his Companions on account of their hatred for Tawhid and worshipping Allah alone in sincerity.
This is why Allah the Exalted said, أَن تُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ رَبِّكُمْ ( because you believe in Allah, your Lord! ) meaning, `your only fault is that you believed in Allah, Lord of all that exists.' Allah the Exalted said in other Ayat, وَمَا نَقَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِلاَّ أَن يُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ ( And they had no fault except that they believed in Allah, Almighty, Al-Hamid! ) ( 85:8 ) and, الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُواْ مِن دِيَـرِهِم بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ إِلاَّ أَن يَقُولُواْ رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ ( Those who have been expelled from their homes unjustly only because they said: "Our Lord is Allah." ) ( 22:40 ) Allah said, إِن كُنتُمْ خَرَجْتُمْ جِهَاداً فِى سَبِيلِى وَابْتِغَآءَ مَرْضَاتِى ( If you have come forth to strive in My cause and to seek My good pleasure. ) Allah says, `if you are as described here, then do not take the disbelievers as supporters.
If you migrated in Jihad for My cause and for seeking My pleasure, then do not take My enemies and your enemies as protecting friends, after they expelled you from your homes and property in rage against you and rejection of your religion.' Allah's statement, تُسِرُّونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَأَنَاْ أَعْلَمُ بِمَآ أَخْفَيْتُمْ وَمَآ أَعْلَنتُمْ ( You show friendship to them in secret, while I am All-Aware of what you conceal and what you reveal. ) Allah asks, `do you do this while I know the secrets of the hearts, the intentions and all apparent things,' وَمَن يَفْعَلْهُ مِنكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَآءَ السَّبِيلِإِن يَثْقَفُوكُمْ يَكُونُواْ لَكُمْ أَعْدَآءً وَيَبْسُطُواْ إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَأَلْسِنَتَهُمْ بِالسُّوءِ ( And whosoever of you does that, then indeed he has gone astray from the straight path.
Should they gain the upper hand over you, they would behave to you as enemies, and stretch forth their hands and their tongues against you with evil, ) meaning, `if they gain the upper hand over you, they would use every type of harm in their disposal to hurt you in words and action,' وَوَدُّواْ لَوْ تَكْفُرُونَ ( and they desire that you should disbelieve. ) meaning, `they are eager that you do not earn any good.
Therefore, their enmity to you is outward and inward, so how can you become supporters of this type of people' This also encourages the enmity.
Allah's statement, لَن تَنفَعَكُمْ أَرْحَـمُكُمْ وَلاَ أَوْلَـدُكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ ( Neither your relatives nor your children will benefit you on the Day of Resurrection.
He will judge between you.
And Allah is the All-Seer of what you do. ) means, `your family relations will not benefit you with Allah if Allah decided to cause harm your way.
Your relations will not benefit you if you please them with what angers Allah.' Those who agree with their family being disbelievers in order to please them will have earned loss and failure and their deeds will be rendered invalid.
Their relation will not benefit them with Allah, even if their relation was with a Prophet.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas said that a man said, "O Allah's Messenger! Where is my father" He said, «فِي النَّار» ( In the Fire. ) When the man went away, the Prophet called him back and said: «إِنَّ أَبِي وَأَبَاكَ فِي النَّار» ( Verily, my father and your father are in the Fire. ) Muslim and Abu Dawud also collected this Hadith.

And from his narration on the authority of Ibn ’Abbas that he said concerning the interpretation of Allah’s saying ( O ye who believe! ): ( O ye who believe! ) referring to Hatib, ( Choose not My enemy ) in religion ( and your enemy ) who fight you, i.e. the people of Mecca ( for friends ) seeking their assistance and help. ( Do ye give them friendship ) you send them a letter to assist and help them ( when they disbelieve in that truth which hath come unto you ) i.e. to Hatib, ( driving out the messenger ) Muhammad ( pbuh ) from Mecca ( and you ) i.e. Hatib ( because ye believe ) because of your faith ( in Allah, your Lord? If ye have come forth ) if you have, O Hatib, come forth from Mecca to Medina ( to strive in My way ) for the sake of My obedience ( and seeking My good pleasure, (show them not friendship ). Do ye show friendship unto them in secret) do not send letters to them in secret to assist and help them, ( when I am best Aware of what ye hide ) i.e. of what you hide, O Hatib, regarding the letter; and it is also said that this means: regarding your faith ( and what ye proclaim ) O Hatib, of excuse; and it is also said: of profession of Allah’s divine Oneness? ( And whosoever doeth it among you ) whoever of you, O believers, does as Hatib did, ( he verily hath strayed from the right way ) he has indeed strayed from the path of guidance.

O you who believe! Take not My enemies and your enemies (i.e. disbelievers and polytheists, etc.) as friends, showing affection towards them, while they have disbelieved in what has come to you of the truth (i.e. Islamic Monotheism, this Quran, and Muhammad SAW), and have driven out the Messenger (Muhammad SAW) and yourselves (from your homeland) because you believe in Allah your Lord! If you have come forth to strive in My Cause and to seek My Good Pleasure, (then take not these disbelievers and polytheists, etc., as your friends). You show friendship to them in secret, while I am All-Aware of what you conceal and what you reveal. And whosoever of you (Muslims) does that, then indeed he has gone (far) astray, (away) from the Straight Path.

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