Surah Maidah ayat 42 Tafsir Quran 5:42

﴿سَمَّاعُونَ لِلْكَذِبِ أَكَّالُونَ لِلسُّحْتِ ۚ فَإِن جَاءُوكَ فَاحْكُم بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ ۖ وَإِن تُعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ فَلَن يَضُرُّوكَ شَيْئًا ۖ وَإِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَاحْكُم بَيْنَهُم بِالْقِسْطِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ﴾
[ المائدة: 42]

5:42 [They are] avid listeners to falsehood, devourers of [what is] unlawful. So if they come to you, [O Muhammad], judge between them or turn away from them. And if you turn away from them - never will they harm you at all. And if you judge, judge between them with justice. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly.

They are listeners to calumny and consumers of unlawful gain read suhut or suht that which is illicit such as bribes. If they come to you to judge between them then judge between them or turn away from them the second option given here was abrogated by His saying So judge between them to the end of the verse Q. 548. Therefore we Muslims are obliged to judge between them if they request arbitration before us — and this is the more sound of al-Shāfi‘ī’s two opinions. If their request for arbitration involves a Muslim however then we are obliged to judge according to the consensus of legal scholars and not just al-Shāfi‘ī; if you turn away from them they cannot harm you at all; and if you judge between them then judge justly between them; God loves the just those that judge fairly meaning that He will reward them.

Attentive hearers to falsehood as they are, they are also hungry for ill-gotten gain and for eating people out of their property. Should they come to you seeking your judgement on certain points in dispute or on two notions whether or not they can be reconciled, then you may accept to judge between them or you may decline if you prefer. If you decline, they shall not touch you and you shall be out of harms way. But should you accept sitting in judgement, then judge between them in equity, for Allah likes those who recourse to general principles of justice

Do Not Feel Sad Because of the Behavior of the Jews and Hypocrites These honorable Ayat were revealed about those who rush into disbelief, deviating from the obedience of Allah, His Messenger, prefering their opinions and lusts to what Allah has legislated, مِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالُواْ ءَامَنَّا بِأَفْوَهِهِمْ وَلَمْ تُؤْمِن قُلُوبُهُمْ ( of such who say, "We believe" with their mouths but their hearts have no faith. ) These people pretend to be faithful with their words, but their hearts are empty from faith, and they are the hypocrites. مِّنَ الَّذِينَ هَادُواْ ( And of the Jews... ) the enemies of Islam and its people, they and the hypocrites all, سَمَّـعُونَ لِلْكَذِبِ ( listen much and eagerly to lies... ) and they accept and react to it positively, سَمَّـعُونَ لِقَوْمٍ ءَاخَرِينَ لَمْ يَأْتُوكَ ( listening to others who have not come to you, ) meaning, they listen to some people who do not attend your meetings, O Muhammad.
Or, the Ayah might mean, they listen to what you say and convey it to your enemies who do not attend your audience. The Jews Alter and Change the Law, Such As Stoning the Adulterer يُحَرِّفُونَ الْكَلِمَ مِن بَعْدِ مَوَضِعِهِ ( They change the words from their places: ) by altering their meanings and knowingly distorting them after they comprehended them, يَقُولُونَ إِنْ أُوتِيتُمْ هَـذَا فَخُذُوهُ وَإِن لَّمْ تُؤْتَوْهُ فَاحْذَرُواْ ( they say, "If you are given this, take it, but if you are not given this, then beware!" ) It was reported that this part of the Ayah was revealed about some Jews who committed murder and who said to each other, "Let us ask Muhammad ﷺ to judge between us, and if he decides that we pay the Diyah, accept his judgement.
If he decides on capital punishment, do not accept his judgement." The correct opinion is that this Ayah was revealed about the two Jews who committed adultery.
The Jews changed the law they had in their Book from Allah on the matter of punishment for adultery, from stoning to death, to a hundred flogs and making the offenders ride a donkey facing the back of the donkey.
When this incident of adultery occurred after the Hijrah, they said to each other, "Let us go to Muhammad ﷺ and seek his judgement.
If he gives a ruling of flogging, then implement his decision and make it a proof for you with Allah.
This way, one of Allah's Prophets will have upheld this ruling amongst you.
But if he decides that the punishment should be stoning to death, then do not accept his decision." There are several Hadiths mentioning this story.
Malik reported that Nafi` said that `Abdullah bin `Umar said, "The Jews came to Allah's Messenger ﷺ and mentioned that a man and a woman from them committed adultery.
Allah's Messenger ﷺ said to them,
«مَا تَجِدُونَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ فِي شَأْنِ الرَّجْمِ؟»
( What do find of the ruling about stoning in the Tawrah ) They said, `We only find that they should be exposed and flogged.' `Abdullah bin Salam said, `You lie.
The Tawrah mentions stoning, so bring the Tawrah.' They brought the Tawrah and opened it but one of them hid the verse about stoning with his hand and recited what is before and after that verse.
`Abdullah bin Salam said to him, `Remove your hand,' and he removed it, thus uncovering the verse about stoning.
So they said, He ( `Abdullah bin Salam ) has said the truth, O Muhammad! It is the verse about stoning.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ decided that the adulterers be stoned to death and his command was carried out.
I saw that man shading the woman from the stones with his body." Al-Bukhari and Muslim also collected this Hadith and this is the wording collected by Al-Bukhari.
In another narration by Al-Bukhari, the Prophet said to the Jews,
«مَا تَصْنَعُون بِهِمَا؟»
( What would you do in this case ) They said, "We would humiliate and expose them." The Prophet recited, قُلْ فَأْتُواْ بِالتَّوْرَاةِ فَاتْلُوهَا إِن كُنتُمْ ( Bring here the Tawrah and recite it, if you are truthful. ) So they brought a man who was blind in one eye and who was respected among them and said to him, "Read ( from the Tawrah )." So he read until he reached a certain verse and then covered it with his hand.
He was told, "Remove your hand," and it was the verse about stoning.
So that man said, "O Muhammad! This is the verse about stoning, and we had hid its knowledge among us." So the Messenger ﷺ ordered that the two adulterers be stoned, and they were stoned.
Muslim recorded that a Jewish man and a Jewish woman were brought before Allah's Messenger ﷺ because they committed adultery.
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to the Jews and asked them,
«مَا تَجِدُونَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ عَلى مَنْ زَنَى؟»
( What is the ruling that you find in the Tawrah for adultery ) hThey said, "We expose them, carry them ( on donkeys ) backwards and parade them in public." The Prophet recited; قُلْ فَأْتُواْ بِالتَّوْرَاةِ فَاتْلُوهَا إِن كُنتُمْ ( Bring here the Tawrah and recite it, if you are truthful. ) So they brought the Tawrah and read from it until the reader reached the verse about stoning.
Then he placed his hand on that verse and read what was before and after it.
`Abdullah bin Salam, who was with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, said, "Order him to remove his hand," and he removed his hand and under it was the verse about stoning.
So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded that the adulterers be stoned, and they were stoned.
`Abdullah bin `Umar said, "I was among those who stoned them and I saw the man shading the woman from the stones with his body." Abu Dawud recorded that Ibn `Umar said, "Some Jews came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and invited him to go to the Quff area.
So he went to the house of Al-Midras and they said, `O Abu Al-Qasim! A man from us committed adultery with a woman, so decide on their matter.' They arranged a pillow for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he sat on it and said,
«ائْتُونِي بِالتَّوْرَاة»
( Bring the Tawrah to me. ) He was brought the Tawrah and he removed the pillow from under him and placed the Tawrah on it, saying,
«آمَنْتُ بِكِ وَبِمَنْ أَنْزَلَك»
( I trust you and He Who revealed it to you. ) He then said,
«ائْتُونِي بِأَعْلَمِكُم»
( Bring me your most knowledgeable person. ) So he was brought a young man...
" and then he mentioned the rest of the story that Malik narrated from Nafi`.
These Hadiths state that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ issued a decision that conforms with the ruling in the Tawrah, not to honor the Jews in what they believe in, for the Jews were commanded to follow the Law of Muhammad ﷺ only.
Rather, the Prophet did this because Allah commanded him to do so.
He asked them about the ruling of stoning in the Tawrah to make them admit to what the Tawrah contains and what they collaborated to hide, deny and exclude from implementing for all that time.
They had to admit to what they did, although they did it while having knowledge of the correct ruling.
What made them go to the Prophet for judgement in this matter was their lusts and desires, hoping that the Prophet would agree with their opinion, not that they believed in the correctness of his judgment.
This is why they said, إِنْ أُوتِيتُمْ هَـذَا ( If you are given this, ) referring to flogging, then take it, وَإِن لَّمْ تُؤْتَوْهُ فَاحْذَرُواْ ( but if you are not given this, then beware! ) and do not accept or implement it.
Allah said next, وَمَن يُرِدِ اللَّهُ فِتْنَتَهُ فَلَن تَمْلِكَ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئاً أُوْلَـئِكَ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُرِدِ اللَّهُ أَن يُطَهِّرَ قُلُوبَهُمْ لَهُمْ فِى الدُّنْيَا خِزْىٌ وَلَهُمْ فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌسَمَّـعُونَ لِلْكَذِبِ أَكَّـلُونَ لِلسُّحْتِ ( And whomsoever Allah wants to put in Fitnah, you can do nothing for him against Allah.
Those are the ones whose hearts Allah does not want to purify; for them there is a disgrace in this world, and in the Hereafter a great torment.
They (like to ) listen to falsehood, to devour Suht) `Suht' refers to bribes, as Ibn Mas`ud and others stated.
The Ayah states that if one is like this, how can Allah cleanse his heart and accept his supplication Allah said to His Prophet , فَإِن جَآءُوكَ ( So if they come to you... ) so that you judge between them, فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ وَإِن تُعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ فَلَن يَضُرُّوكَ شَيْئاً ( either judge between them, or turn away from them.
If you turn away from them, they cannot hurt you in the least. ) meaning, there is no harm if you do not judge between them.
This is because when they came to you to judge between them, they did not seek to follow the truth, but only what conformed to their lusts.
We should mention here that Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, As-Suddi, Zayd bin Aslam, `Ata' Al-Khurasani, and several others said that this part of the Ayah was abrogated by Allah's statement, وَأَنِ احْكُم بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ( And so judge among them by what Allah has revealed. ) وَإِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَاحْكُم بَيْنَهُم بِالْقِسْطِ ( And if you judge, judge with justice between them. ) and with fairness, even if the Jews were unjust and outcasts from the path of fairness, إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ ( Verily, Allah loves those who act justly. ) Chastising the Jews for Their Evil Lusts and Desires, While Praising the Tawrah Allah then chastises the Jews for their false ideas and deviant desires to abandon what they believe is true in their Book, and which they claim is their eternal Law that they are always commanded to adhere to.
Yet, they do not adhere to the Tawrah, but they prefer other laws over it, although they believe that these other laws are not correct and do not apply to them.
Allah said, وَكَيْفَ يُحَكِّمُونَكَ وَعِندَهُمُ التَّوْرَاةُ فِيهَا حُكْمُ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يَتَوَلَّوْنَ مِن بَعْدِ ذلِكَ وَمَآ أُوْلَـئِكَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( But how do they come to you for decision while they have the Tawrah, in which is the decision of Allah; yet even after that they turn away.
For they are not believers. ) Allah next praises the Tawrah that He sent down to His servant and Messenger Musa, son of `Imran, إِنَّآ أَنزَلْنَا التَّوْرَاةَ فِيهَا هُدًى وَنُورٌ يَحْكُمُ بِهَا النَّبِيُّونَ الَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُواْ لِلَّذِينَ هَادُواْ ( Verily, We did send down the Tawrah to Musa, therein was guidance and light, by which the Prophets who submitted themselves to Allah's will, judged the Jews. ) and these Prophets did not deviate from the law of the Tawrah, change or alter it, وَالرَّبَّانِيُّونَ وَالاٌّحْبَارُ ( And (also ) the Rabbaniyyun and the Ahbar...) wherein Rabbaniyyun refers to the worshippers who are learned and religious, and Ahbar refers to the scholars, بِمَا اسْتُحْفِظُواْ مِن كِتَـبِ اللَّهِ ( for to them was entrusted the protection of Allah's Book, ) meaning, they were entrusted with the Book of Allah, and they were commanded to adhere to it and not hide any part of, وَكَانُواْ عَلَيْهِ شُهَدَآءَ فَلاَ تَخْشَوُاْ النَّاسَ وَاخْشَوْنِ وَلاَ تَشْتَرُواْ بِـَايَـتِى ثَمَناً قَلِيلاً وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْكَـفِرُونَ ( and they were witnesses thereto.
Therefore fear not men but fear Me and sell not My verses for a miserable price.
And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, such are the disbelievers. ) There are two ways to explain this Ayah and we will mention the later. Another Reason Behind Revealing these Honorable Ayat Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "Allah sent down the Ayat, وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْكَـفِرُونَ ( And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, such are the disbelievers, ) فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الظَّـلِمُونَ ( Such are the unjust, ) and, فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْفَـسِقُونَ ( Such are the rebellious. ) about two groups among the Jews.
During the time of Jahiliyyah, one of them had defeated the other.
As a result, they made a treaty that they would pay blood money totaling fifty Wasaq of gold ( each Wasaq approx.
3 kg ) for every dead person from the defeated group killed by the victors, and a hundred Wasaq for every dead person the defeated group killed from the victors.
This treaty remained in effect until the Prophet came to Al-Madinah and both of these groups became subservient under the Prophet .
Yet, when the mighty group once suffered a casualty at the hands of the weaker group, the mighty group sent a delegation demanding the hundred Wasaq.
The weaker group said, `How can two groups who have the same religion, one ancestral lineage and a common land, have a Diyah that for some of them is half of that of the others We only agreed to this because you oppressed us and because we feared you.
Now that Muhammad ﷺ has come, we will not give you what you asked.' So war was almost rekindled between them, but they agreed to seek Muhammad's ﷺ judgement in their dispute.
The mighty group among them said among themselves, `By Allah! Muhammad ﷺ will never give you double the Diyah that you pay to them compared to what they pay to you.
They have said the truth anyway, for they only gave us this amount because we oppressed and overpowered them.
Therefore, send someone to Muhammad ﷺ who will sense what his judgement will be.
If he agrees to give you what you demand, accept his judgment, and if he does not give you what you seek, do not refer to him for judgement.' So they sent some hypocrites to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to try and find out the Messenger's ﷺ judgement.
When they came to the Messenger , Allah informed him of their matter and of their plot.
Allah sent down, يأَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ لاَ يَحْزُنكَ الَّذِينَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِى الْكُفْرِ ( O Messenger! Let not those who hurry to fall into disbelief grieve you, ) until, الْفَـسِقُونَ ( Such are the rebellious. ) By Allah! It is because of their problem that Allah sent down these verses and it is they whom Allah meant." Abu Dawud collected a similar narration for this Hadith.
Abu Ja`far Ibn Jarir recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that the Ayah in Surat Al-Ma'idah, فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ ( either judge between them, or turn away from them... ) until, الْمُقْسِطِينَ ( Those who act justly. ) was revealed concerning the problem of blood money between Bani An-Nadir and Bani Qurayzah.
The dead of Bani An-Nadir were being honored more and they received the full amount of Diyah, while Qurayzah received half the Diyah for their dead.
So they referred to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for judgement and Allah sent down these verses about them.
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ compelled them to adhere to the true judgement in this matter and made the Diyah the same for both groups and Allah knows best about that matter." Ahmad, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i also recorded this Hadith from Abu Ishaq.
Al-`Awfi and `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said that these Ayat were revealed about the two Jews who committed adultery, and we mentioned the Hadiths about this story before.
It appears that both of these were the reasons behind revealing these Ayat, and Allah knows best.
This is why Allah said afterwards, وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَآ أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ وَالْعَيْنَ بِالْعَيْنِ ( And We ordained therein for them: Life for life, eye for eye ) until the end of the Ayah, which strengthens the opinion that the story of the Diyah was behind revealing the Ayat as we explained above.
Allah knows best.
Allah said, وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْكَـفِرُونَ ( And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, such are the disbelievers. ) Al-Bara' bin `Azib, Hudhayfah bin Al-Yaman, Ibn `Abbas, Abu Mijlaz, Abu Raja' Al-`Utaridi, `Ikrimah, `Ubaydullah bin `Abdullah, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and others said that this Ayah was revealed about the People of the Book.
Al-Hasan Al-Basri added that this Ayah also applies to us.
`Abdur-Razzaq said that Ath-Thawri said that Mansur said that Ibrahim said that these Ayat, "Were revealed about the Children of Israel, and Allah accepted them for this Ummah." Ibn Jarir recorded this statement.
`Ali bin Abi Talhah also stated that Ibn `Abbas commented on Allah's statement, وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْكَـفِرُونَ ( And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, such are the disbelievers, ) "Whoever rejects what Allah has revealed, will have committed Kufr, and whoever accepts what Allah has revealed, but did not rule by it, is a Zalim ( unjust ) and a Fasiq ( rebellious ) and a sinner." Ibn Jarir recorded this statement.
`Abdur-Razzaq said, "Ma`mar narrated to us that Tawus said that Ibn `Abbas was asked about Allah's statement, وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم ( And whosoever does not judge... ) He said, `It is an act of Kufr.' Ibn Tawus added, `It is not like those who disbelieve in Allah, His angels, His Books and His Messengers.' Ath-Thawri narrated that Ibn Jurayj said that `Ata' said, `There is Kufr and Kufr less than Kufr, Zulm and Zulm less than Zulm, Fisq and Fisq less than Fisq."' Waki` said that Sa`id Al-Makki said that Tawus said that, وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْكَـفِرُونَ ( And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, such are the disbelievers, ) "This is not the Kufr that annuls one's religion."

(5:42) They are listeners of falsehood and greedy devourers of unlawful earnings. *69 If they come to you you may either judge between them or turn away from them. And were you to turn away from them they shall not be able to harm you; and were you to judge between them judge with justice. Surely Allah loves the just. *70

[They are] avid listeners to falsehood, devourers meaning

*69).
Here pointed reference is made to judges and jurisconsults who accept false evidence and invent reports in order to issue verdicts contrary to justice and in favour of either those who bribe them or with whom their illegitimate interests lie.

*70).
Until then the Jews had not become full-fledged subjects of the Islamic state.
Their relations with that state were based on agreements according to which the Jews were to enjoy internal autonomy, and their disputes were to be decided by their own judges and in accordance with their own laws.
They were not legally bound to place their disputes either before the Prophet ( peace be on him ) for adjudication or before the judges appointed by him.
But in cases where it appeared against their interests to have their disputes judged according to their own religious law they approached the Prophet ( peace be on him ) in the hope that the Prophet might have a different ruling.

The particular case referred to here was that of a woman belonging to a respectable family, who was found to be involved in an unlawful sexual relationship with a man.
The punishment for this in the Torah was that both be stoned to death ( see Deuteronomy 22: 23-4 ).
But the Jews did not want to enforce this punishment.
Hence they deliberated among themselves and decided to put the case before the Prophet ( peace be on him ), with the reservation that his judgement be accepted only if it was other than stoning.
The Prophet ( peace be on him ) decided that the punishment should, in fact, be stoning.
When the Jews declined to accept the judgement, the Prophet ( peace be on him ) asked their rabbis what punishment had been prescribed for such a case in their religion.
They replied that it was to strike the culprit with lashes, to blacken the face and to make the person concerned ride on a donkey.
The Prophet ( peace be on him ) asked them under oath if the Torah had indeed prescribed that as punishment for adultery committed by married men and women.
They repeated the same false reply.
However, one of them called Ibn Sawriya who, according to the Jews themselves, was the greatest living scholar of the Torah at that time, kept silent.
The Prophet ( peace be on him ) asked him to state on oath in the name of God, Who had emancipated them from Pharaoh and had given them the Law, whether the punishment for adultery provided for in the Torah was what they had mentioned.
He replied: 'Had you not put me under such a heavy oath, I would not have volunteered the correct information.
The fact is that the prescribed punishment for adultery is indeed stoning, but when adultery became common among us our rulers adopted the rule that when respectable people committed adultery they were left unpunished, whereas when ordinary people were convicted they were punished by stoning.
Later on when this caused resentment among the common people we altered the law of the Torah and adopted the rule that adulterers and adulteresses would be lashed, their faces would be blackened, and they would be made to ride on donkeys, seated in a backward-looking position.' This left the Jews with nothing to say and the adulterer and adulteress were, in accordance with the order of the Prophet ( peace be on him ), stoned to death.
( Ibn Kathir, Tafsir, vol.
3, pp.
574-5 - Ed. )
 

Do Not Feel Sad Because of the Behavior of the Jews and Hypocrites These honorable Ayat were revealed about those who rush into disbelief, deviating from the obedience of Allah, His Messenger, prefering their opinions and lusts to what Allah has legislated, مِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالُواْ ءَامَنَّا بِأَفْوَهِهِمْ وَلَمْ تُؤْمِن قُلُوبُهُمْ ( of such who say, "We believe" with their mouths but their hearts have no faith. ) These people pretend to be faithful with their words, but their hearts are empty from faith, and they are the hypocrites. مِّنَ الَّذِينَ هَادُواْ ( And of the Jews... ) the enemies of Islam and its people, they and the hypocrites all, سَمَّـعُونَ لِلْكَذِبِ ( listen much and eagerly to lies... ) and they accept and react to it positively, سَمَّـعُونَ لِقَوْمٍ ءَاخَرِينَ لَمْ يَأْتُوكَ ( listening to others who have not come to you, ) meaning, they listen to some people who do not attend your meetings, O Muhammad.
Or, the Ayah might mean, they listen to what you say and convey it to your enemies who do not attend your audience. The Jews Alter and Change the Law, Such As Stoning the Adulterer يُحَرِّفُونَ الْكَلِمَ مِن بَعْدِ مَوَضِعِهِ ( They change the words from their places: ) by altering their meanings and knowingly distorting them after they comprehended them, يَقُولُونَ إِنْ أُوتِيتُمْ هَـذَا فَخُذُوهُ وَإِن لَّمْ تُؤْتَوْهُ فَاحْذَرُواْ ( they say, "If you are given this, take it, but if you are not given this, then beware!" ) It was reported that this part of the Ayah was revealed about some Jews who committed murder and who said to each other, "Let us ask Muhammad ﷺ to judge between us, and if he decides that we pay the Diyah, accept his judgement.
If he decides on capital punishment, do not accept his judgement." The correct opinion is that this Ayah was revealed about the two Jews who committed adultery.
The Jews changed the law they had in their Book from Allah on the matter of punishment for adultery, from stoning to death, to a hundred flogs and making the offenders ride a donkey facing the back of the donkey.
When this incident of adultery occurred after the Hijrah, they said to each other, "Let us go to Muhammad ﷺ and seek his judgement.
If he gives a ruling of flogging, then implement his decision and make it a proof for you with Allah.
This way, one of Allah's Prophets will have upheld this ruling amongst you.
But if he decides that the punishment should be stoning to death, then do not accept his decision." There are several Hadiths mentioning this story.
Malik reported that Nafi` said that `Abdullah bin `Umar said, "The Jews came to Allah's Messenger ﷺ and mentioned that a man and a woman from them committed adultery.
Allah's Messenger ﷺ said to them, «مَا تَجِدُونَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ فِي شَأْنِ الرَّجْمِ؟» ( What do find of the ruling about stoning in the Tawrah ) They said, `We only find that they should be exposed and flogged.' `Abdullah bin Salam said, `You lie.
The Tawrah mentions stoning, so bring the Tawrah.' They brought the Tawrah and opened it but one of them hid the verse about stoning with his hand and recited what is before and after that verse.
`Abdullah bin Salam said to him, `Remove your hand,' and he removed it, thus uncovering the verse about stoning.
So they said, He ( `Abdullah bin Salam ) has said the truth, O Muhammad! It is the verse about stoning.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ decided that the adulterers be stoned to death and his command was carried out.
I saw that man shading the woman from the stones with his body." Al-Bukhari and Muslim also collected this Hadith and this is the wording collected by Al-Bukhari.
In another narration by Al-Bukhari, the Prophet said to the Jews, «مَا تَصْنَعُون بِهِمَا؟» ( What would you do in this case ) They said, "We would humiliate and expose them." The Prophet recited, قُلْ فَأْتُواْ بِالتَّوْرَاةِ فَاتْلُوهَا إِن كُنتُمْ ( Bring here the Tawrah and recite it, if you are truthful. ) So they brought a man who was blind in one eye and who was respected among them and said to him, "Read ( from the Tawrah )." So he read until he reached a certain verse and then covered it with his hand.
He was told, "Remove your hand," and it was the verse about stoning.
So that man said, "O Muhammad! This is the verse about stoning, and we had hid its knowledge among us." So the Messenger ﷺ ordered that the two adulterers be stoned, and they were stoned.
Muslim recorded that a Jewish man and a Jewish woman were brought before Allah's Messenger ﷺ because they committed adultery.
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to the Jews and asked them, «مَا تَجِدُونَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ عَلى مَنْ زَنَى؟» ( What is the ruling that you find in the Tawrah for adultery ) hThey said, "We expose them, carry them ( on donkeys ) backwards and parade them in public." The Prophet recited; قُلْ فَأْتُواْ بِالتَّوْرَاةِ فَاتْلُوهَا إِن كُنتُمْ ( Bring here the Tawrah and recite it, if you are truthful. ) So they brought the Tawrah and read from it until the reader reached the verse about stoning.
Then he placed his hand on that verse and read what was before and after it.
`Abdullah bin Salam, who was with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, said, "Order him to remove his hand," and he removed his hand and under it was the verse about stoning.
So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded that the adulterers be stoned, and they were stoned.
`Abdullah bin `Umar said, "I was among those who stoned them and I saw the man shading the woman from the stones with his body." Abu Dawud recorded that Ibn `Umar said, "Some Jews came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and invited him to go to the Quff area.
So he went to the house of Al-Midras and they said, `O Abu Al-Qasim! A man from us committed adultery with a woman, so decide on their matter.' They arranged a pillow for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he sat on it and said, «ائْتُونِي بِالتَّوْرَاة» ( Bring the Tawrah to me. ) He was brought the Tawrah and he removed the pillow from under him and placed the Tawrah on it, saying, «آمَنْتُ بِكِ وَبِمَنْ أَنْزَلَك» ( I trust you and He Who revealed it to you. ) He then said, «ائْتُونِي بِأَعْلَمِكُم» ( Bring me your most knowledgeable person. ) So he was brought a young man...
" and then he mentioned the rest of the story that Malik narrated from Nafi`.
These Hadiths state that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ issued a decision that conforms with the ruling in the Tawrah, not to honor the Jews in what they believe in, for the Jews were commanded to follow the Law of Muhammad ﷺ only.
Rather, the Prophet did this because Allah commanded him to do so.
He asked them about the ruling of stoning in the Tawrah to make them admit to what the Tawrah contains and what they collaborated to hide, deny and exclude from implementing for all that time.
They had to admit to what they did, although they did it while having knowledge of the correct ruling.
What made them go to the Prophet for judgement in this matter was their lusts and desires, hoping that the Prophet would agree with their opinion, not that they believed in the correctness of his judgment.
This is why they said, إِنْ أُوتِيتُمْ هَـذَا ( If you are given this, ) referring to flogging, then take it, وَإِن لَّمْ تُؤْتَوْهُ فَاحْذَرُواْ ( but if you are not given this, then beware! ) and do not accept or implement it.
Allah said next, وَمَن يُرِدِ اللَّهُ فِتْنَتَهُ فَلَن تَمْلِكَ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئاً أُوْلَـئِكَ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُرِدِ اللَّهُ أَن يُطَهِّرَ قُلُوبَهُمْ لَهُمْ فِى الدُّنْيَا خِزْىٌ وَلَهُمْ فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌسَمَّـعُونَ لِلْكَذِبِ أَكَّـلُونَ لِلسُّحْتِ ( And whomsoever Allah wants to put in Fitnah, you can do nothing for him against Allah.
Those are the ones whose hearts Allah does not want to purify; for them there is a disgrace in this world, and in the Hereafter a great torment.
They (like to ) listen to falsehood, to devour Suht) `Suht' refers to bribes, as Ibn Mas`ud and others stated.
The Ayah states that if one is like this, how can Allah cleanse his heart and accept his supplication Allah said to His Prophet , فَإِن جَآءُوكَ ( So if they come to you... ) so that you judge between them, فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ وَإِن تُعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ فَلَن يَضُرُّوكَ شَيْئاً ( either judge between them, or turn away from them.
If you turn away from them, they cannot hurt you in the least. ) meaning, there is no harm if you do not judge between them.
This is because when they came to you to judge between them, they did not seek to follow the truth, but only what conformed to their lusts.
We should mention here that Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, As-Suddi, Zayd bin Aslam, `Ata' Al-Khurasani, and several others said that this part of the Ayah was abrogated by Allah's statement, وَأَنِ احْكُم بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ( And so judge among them by what Allah has revealed. ) وَإِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَاحْكُم بَيْنَهُم بِالْقِسْطِ ( And if you judge, judge with justice between them. ) and with fairness, even if the Jews were unjust and outcasts from the path of fairness, إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ ( Verily, Allah loves those who act justly. ) Chastising the Jews for Their Evil Lusts and Desires, While Praising the Tawrah Allah then chastises the Jews for their false ideas and deviant desires to abandon what they believe is true in their Book, and which they claim is their eternal Law that they are always commanded to adhere to.
Yet, they do not adhere to the Tawrah, but they prefer other laws over it, although they believe that these other laws are not correct and do not apply to them.
Allah said, وَكَيْفَ يُحَكِّمُونَكَ وَعِندَهُمُ التَّوْرَاةُ فِيهَا حُكْمُ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يَتَوَلَّوْنَ مِن بَعْدِ ذلِكَ وَمَآ أُوْلَـئِكَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( But how do they come to you for decision while they have the Tawrah, in which is the decision of Allah; yet even after that they turn away.
For they are not believers. ) Allah next praises the Tawrah that He sent down to His servant and Messenger Musa, son of `Imran, إِنَّآ أَنزَلْنَا التَّوْرَاةَ فِيهَا هُدًى وَنُورٌ يَحْكُمُ بِهَا النَّبِيُّونَ الَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُواْ لِلَّذِينَ هَادُواْ ( Verily, We did send down the Tawrah to Musa, therein was guidance and light, by which the Prophets who submitted themselves to Allah's will, judged the Jews. ) and these Prophets did not deviate from the law of the Tawrah, change or alter it, وَالرَّبَّانِيُّونَ وَالاٌّحْبَارُ ( And (also ) the Rabbaniyyun and the Ahbar...) wherein Rabbaniyyun refers to the worshippers who are learned and religious, and Ahbar refers to the scholars, بِمَا اسْتُحْفِظُواْ مِن كِتَـبِ اللَّهِ ( for to them was entrusted the protection of Allah's Book, ) meaning, they were entrusted with the Book of Allah, and they were commanded to adhere to it and not hide any part of, وَكَانُواْ عَلَيْهِ شُهَدَآءَ فَلاَ تَخْشَوُاْ النَّاسَ وَاخْشَوْنِ وَلاَ تَشْتَرُواْ بِـَايَـتِى ثَمَناً قَلِيلاً وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْكَـفِرُونَ ( and they were witnesses thereto.
Therefore fear not men but fear Me and sell not My verses for a miserable price.
And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, such are the disbelievers. ) There are two ways to explain this Ayah and we will mention the later. Another Reason Behind Revealing these Honorable Ayat Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "Allah sent down the Ayat, وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْكَـفِرُونَ ( And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, such are the disbelievers, ) فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الظَّـلِمُونَ ( Such are the unjust, ) and, فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْفَـسِقُونَ ( Such are the rebellious. ) about two groups among the Jews.
During the time of Jahiliyyah, one of them had defeated the other.
As a result, they made a treaty that they would pay blood money totaling fifty Wasaq of gold ( each Wasaq approx.
3 kg ) for every dead person from the defeated group killed by the victors, and a hundred Wasaq for every dead person the defeated group killed from the victors.
This treaty remained in effect until the Prophet came to Al-Madinah and both of these groups became subservient under the Prophet .
Yet, when the mighty group once suffered a casualty at the hands of the weaker group, the mighty group sent a delegation demanding the hundred Wasaq.
The weaker group said, `How can two groups who have the same religion, one ancestral lineage and a common land, have a Diyah that for some of them is half of that of the others We only agreed to this because you oppressed us and because we feared you.
Now that Muhammad ﷺ has come, we will not give you what you asked.' So war was almost rekindled between them, but they agreed to seek Muhammad's ﷺ judgement in their dispute.
The mighty group among them said among themselves, `By Allah! Muhammad ﷺ will never give you double the Diyah that you pay to them compared to what they pay to you.
They have said the truth anyway, for they only gave us this amount because we oppressed and overpowered them.
Therefore, send someone to Muhammad ﷺ who will sense what his judgement will be.
If he agrees to give you what you demand, accept his judgment, and if he does not give you what you seek, do not refer to him for judgement.' So they sent some hypocrites to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to try and find out the Messenger's ﷺ judgement.
When they came to the Messenger , Allah informed him of their matter and of their plot.
Allah sent down, يأَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ لاَ يَحْزُنكَ الَّذِينَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِى الْكُفْرِ ( O Messenger! Let not those who hurry to fall into disbelief grieve you, ) until, الْفَـسِقُونَ ( Such are the rebellious. ) By Allah! It is because of their problem that Allah sent down these verses and it is they whom Allah meant." Abu Dawud collected a similar narration for this Hadith.
Abu Ja`far Ibn Jarir recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that the Ayah in Surat Al-Ma'idah, فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ ( either judge between them, or turn away from them... ) until, الْمُقْسِطِينَ ( Those who act justly. ) was revealed concerning the problem of blood money between Bani An-Nadir and Bani Qurayzah.
The dead of Bani An-Nadir were being honored more and they received the full amount of Diyah, while Qurayzah received half the Diyah for their dead.
So they referred to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for judgement and Allah sent down these verses about them.
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ compelled them to adhere to the true judgement in this matter and made the Diyah the same for both groups and Allah knows best about that matter." Ahmad, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i also recorded this Hadith from Abu Ishaq.
Al-`Awfi and `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said that these Ayat were revealed about the two Jews who committed adultery, and we mentioned the Hadiths about this story before.
It appears that both of these were the reasons behind revealing these Ayat, and Allah knows best.
This is why Allah said afterwards, وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَآ أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ وَالْعَيْنَ بِالْعَيْنِ ( And We ordained therein for them: Life for life, eye for eye ) until the end of the Ayah, which strengthens the opinion that the story of the Diyah was behind revealing the Ayat as we explained above.
Allah knows best.
Allah said, وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْكَـفِرُونَ ( And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, such are the disbelievers. ) Al-Bara' bin `Azib, Hudhayfah bin Al-Yaman, Ibn `Abbas, Abu Mijlaz, Abu Raja' Al-`Utaridi, `Ikrimah, `Ubaydullah bin `Abdullah, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and others said that this Ayah was revealed about the People of the Book.
Al-Hasan Al-Basri added that this Ayah also applies to us.
`Abdur-Razzaq said that Ath-Thawri said that Mansur said that Ibrahim said that these Ayat, "Were revealed about the Children of Israel, and Allah accepted them for this Ummah." Ibn Jarir recorded this statement.
`Ali bin Abi Talhah also stated that Ibn `Abbas commented on Allah's statement, وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْكَـفِرُونَ ( And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, such are the disbelievers, ) "Whoever rejects what Allah has revealed, will have committed Kufr, and whoever accepts what Allah has revealed, but did not rule by it, is a Zalim ( unjust ) and a Fasiq ( rebellious ) and a sinner." Ibn Jarir recorded this statement.
`Abdur-Razzaq said, "Ma`mar narrated to us that Tawus said that Ibn `Abbas was asked about Allah's statement, وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم ( And whosoever does not judge... ) He said, `It is an act of Kufr.' Ibn Tawus added, `It is not like those who disbelieve in Allah, His angels, His Books and His Messengers.' Ath-Thawri narrated that Ibn Jurayj said that `Ata' said, `There is Kufr and Kufr less than Kufr, Zulm and Zulm less than Zulm, Fisq and Fisq less than Fisq."' Waki` said that Sa`id Al-Makki said that Tawus said that, وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْكَـفِرُونَ ( And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, such are the disbelievers, ) "This is not the Kufr that annuls one's religion."

( Listeners ) and ones who utter words ( for the sake of falsehood! Greedy for illicit gain! ) bribery and that which is unlawful by changing the rulings of Allah. ( If then they ) i.e. the Banu Qurayzah and the Banu’l-Nadir ( have recourse unto thee ) O Muhammad ( judge between them ) between the Banu Qurayzah and the Banu’l-Nadir; and it is also said: between the people of Khaybar ( or disclaim jurisdiction ) by choice. ( If thou disclaimest jurisdiction ) and do not judge between them, ( then they cannot harm thee at all ) they cannot take away anything from you. ( But if thou judgest ) between the Banu Qurayzah and the Banu’l-Nadir; and it is also said: between the people of Khaybar, ( judge between them with equity ) with stoning [ married people who commit adultery ]. ( Lo! Allah loveth the equitable ) who are fair when they judge with the Book of Allah and who apply the legal ruling of stoning.

(They like to) listen to falsehood, to devour anything forbidden. So if they come to you (O Muhammad SAW), either judge between them, or turn away from them. If you turn away from them, they cannot hurt you in the least. And if you judge, judge with justice between them. Verily, Allah loves those who act justly.

Page 115 English transliteration