Surah Maidah ayat 5 Tafsir Quran 5:5

﴿الْيَوْمَ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ ۖ وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حِلٌّ لَّكُمْ وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ ۖ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ إِذَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ وَلَا مُتَّخِذِي أَخْدَانٍ ۗ وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِالْإِيمَانِ فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ وَهُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ﴾
[ المائدة: 5]

5:5 This day [all] good foods have been made lawful, and the food of those who were given the Scripture is lawful for you and your food is lawful for them. And [lawful in marriage are] chaste women from among the believers and chaste women from among those who were given the Scripture before you, when you have given them their due compensation, desiring chastity, not unlawful sexual intercourse or taking [secret] lovers. And whoever denies the faith - his work has become worthless, and he, in the Hereafter, will be among the losers.

Today the good the delicious things are permitted to you and the food of those who were given the Scripture that is animals slaughtered by the Jews and Christians is permitted to you and permitted to them is your food. Likewise the believing free married women and the married women of those who were given the Scripture before you are permitted to you for marriage if you give them their wages their dowries in wedlock in marriage and not illicitly fornicating overtly with them or taking them as lovers so as to fornicate with them secretly. Whoever disbelieves in faith that is whose apostatises his prior good work has indeed failed and so it counts for nothing and he will not be rewarded for it and in the Hereafter he shall be among the losers if he dies in this state of unbelief.

As of this day has Allah rendered lawful for you all articles of food that are worthy, good and wholesome, and the food of Ahl AL-Kitab as your food is to them. And it is lawful for you to marry the virtuous Muslim women and women among those who had been given the Book before you(Ahl Al-Kitab) who lift to Allah their inward sight when you have paid them their due dowers intending to live together in matrimony and not as illicit partners nor as concubines. And those who reject faith shall their hopes be doomed to disappointment and their deeds to worthlessness here and Hereafter where they shall be among the great losers

Permitting the Slaughtered Animals of the People of the Book After Allah mentioned the filthy things that He prohibited for His believing servants and the good things that He allowed for them, He said next, الْيَوْمَ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَـتُ ( Made lawful to you this day are At-Tayyibat. ) Allah then mentioned the ruling concerning the slaughtered animals of the People of the Book, the Jews and Christians, وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ حِلٌّ لَّكُمْ ( The food of the People of the Scripture is lawful to you.. ) meaning, their slaughtered animals, as Ibn `Abbas, Abu Umamah, Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Ikrimah, `Ata', Al-Hasan, Makhul, Ibrahim An-Nakha`i, As-Suddi and Muqatil bin Hayyan stated.
This ruling, that the slaughtered animals of the People of the Book are permissible for Muslims, is agreed on by the scholars, because the People of the Book believe that slaughtering for other than Allah is prohibited.
They mention Allah's Name upon slaughtering their animals, even though they have deviant beliefs about Allah that do not befit His majesty.
It is recorded in the Sahih that `Abdullah bin Mughaffal said, "While we were attacking the fort of Khaybar, a person threw a leather bag containing fat, and I ran to take it and said, `I will not give anyone anything from this container today.' But when I turned I saw the Prophet ( standing behind ) while smiling." The scholars rely on this Hadith as evidence that we are allowed to eat what we need of foods from the booty before it is divided.
The scholars of the Hanafi, the Shafi`i and the Hanbali Madhhabs rely on this Hadith to allow eating parts of the slaughtered animals of the Jews that they prohibit for themselves, such as the fat.
They used this Hadith as evidence against the scholars of the Maliki Madhhab who disagreed with this ruling.
A better proof is the Hadith recorded in the Sahih that the people of Khaybar gave the Prophet a gift of a roasted leg of sheep, which they poisoned.
The Prophet used to like eating the leg of the sheep and he took a bite from it, but it told the Prophet that it was poisoned, so he discarded that bite.
The bite that the Prophet took effected the palate of his mouth, while Bishr bin Al-Bara' bin Ma`rur died from eating from that sheep.
The Prophet had the Jewish woman, Zaynab, who poisoned the sheep, killed.
Therefore, the Prophet and his Companions wanted to eat from that sheep and did not ask the Jews if they removed what the Jews believed was prohibited for them, such as its fat.
Allah's statement, وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ ( and your food is lawful to them. ) means, you are allowed to feed them from your slaughtered animals.
Therefore, this part of the Ayah is not to inform the People of the Scriptures that they are allowed to eat our food -- unless we consider it information for us about the ruling that they have -- i.
e, that they are allowed all types of foods over which Allah's Name was mentioned, whether slaughtered according to their religion or otherwise.
The first explanation is more plausible.
So it means: you are allowed to feed them from your slaughtered animals just as you are allowed to eat from theirs, as equal compensation and fair treatment.
The Prophet gave his robe to `Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, who was wrapped with it when he died.
They say that he did that because `Abdullah had given his robe to Al-`Abbas when Al-`Abbas came to Al-Madinah.
As for the Hadith,
«لَا تَصْحَبْ إِلَّا مُؤْمِنًا، وَلَا يَأْكُلْ طَعَامَكَ إِلَّا تَقِي»
( Do not befriend but a believer, nor should other than a Taqi (pious person ) eat your food.), This is to encourage such behavior, and Allah knows best. The Permission to Marry Chaste Women From the People of the Scriptures Allah said, وَالْمُحْصَنَـتُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنَـتِ ( (Lawful to you in marriage ) are chaste women from the believers) The Ayah states: you are allowed to marry free, chaste believing women.
This Ayah is talking about women who do not commit fornication, as evident by the word `chaste'.
Allah said in another Ayah, مُحْصَنَـت غَيْرَ مُسَـفِحَـتٍ وَلاَ مُتَّخِذَاتِ أَخْدَانٍ ( Desiring chastity not committing illegal sexual intercourse, nor taking them as boyfriends (lovers ).) 4:25 `Abdullah Ibn `Umar used to advise against marrying Christian women saying, "I do not know of a worse case of Shirk than her saying that `Isa is her lord, while Allah said, وَلاَ تَنْكِحُواْ الْمُشْرِكَـتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ ( And do not marry idolatresses till they believe. )" Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Abu Malik Al-Ghifari said that Ibn `Abbas said that when this Ayah was revealed, وَلاَ تَنْكِحُواْ الْمُشْرِكَـتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ ( And do not marry idolatresses till they believe, ) the people did not marry the pagan women.
When the following Ayah was revealed, وَالْمُحْصَنَـتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ ( (Lawful to you in marriage ) are chaste women from the believers and chaste women from those who were given the Scripture before your time) they married women from the People of the Book.
" Some of the Companions married Christian women and did not see any problem in this, relying on the honorable Ayah, وَالْمُحْصَنَـتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ ( (Lawful to you in marriage ) are chaste women from those who were given the Scripture before your time) Therefore, they made this Ayah an exception to the Ayah in Surat Al-Baqarah, وَلاَ تَنْكِحُواْ الْمُشْرِكَـتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ ( And do not marry the idolatresses till they believe, ) considering the latter Ayah to include the People of the Book in its general meaning.
Otherwise, there is no contradiction here, since the People of the Book were mentioned alone when mentioning the rest of the idolators.
Allah said, لَمْ يَكُنِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ مُنفَكِّينَ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ ( Those who disbelieve from among the People of the Scripture and the idolators, were not going to leave (their disbelief ) until there came to them clear evidence.) and, وَقُلْ لِّلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ وَالاٍّمِّيِّينَ ءَأَسْلَمْتُمْ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمُواْ فَقَدِ اهْتَدَواْ ( And say to those who were given the Scripture and to those who are illiterates: "Do you (also ) submit yourselves" If they do, they are rightly guided.) Allah said next, إِذَآ ءَاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ ( When you have given them their due ), This refers to the Mahr, so just as these women are chaste and honorable, then give them their Mahr with a good heart.
We should mention here that Jabir bin `Abdullah, `Amir Ash-Sha`bi, Ibrahim An-Nakha`i and Al-Hasan Al-Basri stated that when a man marries a woman and she commits illegal sexual intercourse before the marriage is consummated, the marriage is annulled.
In this case, she gives back the Mahr that he paid her.
Allah said, مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ وَلاَ مُتَّخِذِى أَخْدَانٍ ( Desiring chastity, not illegal sexual intercourse, nor taking them as girl-friends (or lovers ).) And just as women must be chaste and avoid illegal sexual activity, such is the case with men, who must also be chaste and honorable.
Therefore, Allah said, غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ ( ...not illegal sexual intercourse' ) as adulterous people do, those who do not avoid sin, nor reject adultery with whomever offers it to them. وَلاَ مُتَّخِذِى أَخْدَانٍ ( nor taking them as girl-friends (or lovers ),) meaning those who have mistresses and girlfriends who commit illegal sexual intercourse with them, as we mentioned in the explanation of Surat An-Nisa'.

(5:5) This day all good things have been made lawful to you. The food of the People of the Book is permitted to you, and your food is permitted to them. *21 And permitted to you are chaste women, be they either from among the believers or from among those who have received the Book before you, *22provided you become their protectors in wedlock after paying them their bridal-due, rather than go around committing fornication and taking them as secret-companions. The work of he who refuses to follow the way of faith will go waste, and he will be among the utter losers in the Hereafter. *23

This day [all] good foods have been meaning

*21).
The food of the People of the Book includes the animals slaughtered by them.
The rule that 'our food is lawful to them and theirs lawful to us' signifies that there need be no barriers between us and the People of the Book regarding food.
We may eat with them and they with us.
But this general proclamation of permission is preceded by a reiteration of the statement: 'All good things have been made lawful to you.' This indicates that if the People of the Book either do not observe those principles of cleanliness and purity which are considered obligatory by the Law or if their food includes prohibited items, then one should abstain from eating them.
If, for instance, they either slaughter an animal without pronouncing the name of God or if they slaughter it in the name of anyone else but God it is not lawful for us to eat that animal.
Likewise, if intoxicating drinks, the flesh of swine, and any other prohibited thing is found on their dining table we may not justify our partaking of such items on the ground that the persons concerned are People of the Book.

The same applies to those non-Muslims who are not People of the Book, except for one difference - that whereas the animals slaughtered by the People of the Book are lawful provided they have pronounced the name of God at the time of slaughtering them, we are not permitted to eat the animals killed by non-Muslims who are not People of the Book.

*22).This expression signifies the Jews and the Christians.
Of non-Muslim women, Muslims may marry only Christians and Jews, and of them only those who have been characterized as muhsanat ( i.e.
'well-protected women' ).

There are differences among jurists as to the detailed application of this rule.
The view of Ibn 'Abbas is that the expression 'People of the Book' here signifies only those People of the Book who are subjects of the Domain of Islam ( Dar al-Islam ).
It is also unlawful to marry Jewish and Christian women who are either living in the Domain of War ( Dar al-Harb ) or in the Domain of Disbelief ( Dar al-Kufr ).
The Hanafi jurists hold a slightly different opinion.
Although they disapprove of marrying such women, it is not considered unlawful.
Sa'id b.
al-Musayyib and Hasan al-Basri are of the opinion that the verse warrants general application and hence there is no need to differentiate between those who are ahl al-Dhimmah ( the non-Muslim subjects of the Islamic State ) and those who are not.

There is also disagreement among the jurists about the connotation of the term muhsanat.
'Umar considered this word to signify only those women who are chaste and possess good moral character, and hence ahl al-Kitab women who are of loose character are excluded from this permission.
This is also the opinion of Hasan al-Basri, Sha'bi and Ibrahim al-Nakha'i and of the Hanafi jurists.
But Shafi'i considers this expression to have been used as an antonym of 'slave women', and hence it signifies all those ahl al-Kitab women who are not slaves.
( Cf.
the commentaries of Ibn Kathir, Ibn al-'Arabi and Qurtubi - Ed. )
*23).The declaration that marriage to ahl al-Kitab women is permitted is immediately followed by this warning which, in effect, means that those who avail themselves of this permission ought to be mindful of their faith and morals.
They are urged to beware of infatuation with disbelieving women lest they also become enamoured of the ideas and beliefs which they cherish, thereby allowing their faith to dissipate.
They are warned against adopting social patterns and modes of conduct inconsistent with the true requirements of their faith.

 

Permitting the Slaughtered Animals of the People of the Book After Allah mentioned the filthy things that He prohibited for His believing servants and the good things that He allowed for them, He said next, الْيَوْمَ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَـتُ ( Made lawful to you this day are At-Tayyibat. ) Allah then mentioned the ruling concerning the slaughtered animals of the People of the Book, the Jews and Christians, وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ حِلٌّ لَّكُمْ ( The food of the People of the Scripture is lawful to you.. ) meaning, their slaughtered animals, as Ibn `Abbas, Abu Umamah, Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Ikrimah, `Ata', Al-Hasan, Makhul, Ibrahim An-Nakha`i, As-Suddi and Muqatil bin Hayyan stated.
This ruling, that the slaughtered animals of the People of the Book are permissible for Muslims, is agreed on by the scholars, because the People of the Book believe that slaughtering for other than Allah is prohibited.
They mention Allah's Name upon slaughtering their animals, even though they have deviant beliefs about Allah that do not befit His majesty.
It is recorded in the Sahih that `Abdullah bin Mughaffal said, "While we were attacking the fort of Khaybar, a person threw a leather bag containing fat, and I ran to take it and said, `I will not give anyone anything from this container today.' But when I turned I saw the Prophet ( standing behind ) while smiling." The scholars rely on this Hadith as evidence that we are allowed to eat what we need of foods from the booty before it is divided.
The scholars of the Hanafi, the Shafi`i and the Hanbali Madhhabs rely on this Hadith to allow eating parts of the slaughtered animals of the Jews that they prohibit for themselves, such as the fat.
They used this Hadith as evidence against the scholars of the Maliki Madhhab who disagreed with this ruling.
A better proof is the Hadith recorded in the Sahih that the people of Khaybar gave the Prophet a gift of a roasted leg of sheep, which they poisoned.
The Prophet used to like eating the leg of the sheep and he took a bite from it, but it told the Prophet that it was poisoned, so he discarded that bite.
The bite that the Prophet took effected the palate of his mouth, while Bishr bin Al-Bara' bin Ma`rur died from eating from that sheep.
The Prophet had the Jewish woman, Zaynab, who poisoned the sheep, killed.
Therefore, the Prophet and his Companions wanted to eat from that sheep and did not ask the Jews if they removed what the Jews believed was prohibited for them, such as its fat.
Allah's statement, وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ ( and your food is lawful to them. ) means, you are allowed to feed them from your slaughtered animals.
Therefore, this part of the Ayah is not to inform the People of the Scriptures that they are allowed to eat our food -- unless we consider it information for us about the ruling that they have -- i.
e, that they are allowed all types of foods over which Allah's Name was mentioned, whether slaughtered according to their religion or otherwise.
The first explanation is more plausible.
So it means: you are allowed to feed them from your slaughtered animals just as you are allowed to eat from theirs, as equal compensation and fair treatment.
The Prophet gave his robe to `Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, who was wrapped with it when he died.
They say that he did that because `Abdullah had given his robe to Al-`Abbas when Al-`Abbas came to Al-Madinah.
As for the Hadith, «لَا تَصْحَبْ إِلَّا مُؤْمِنًا، وَلَا يَأْكُلْ طَعَامَكَ إِلَّا تَقِي» ( Do not befriend but a believer, nor should other than a Taqi (pious person ) eat your food.), This is to encourage such behavior, and Allah knows best. The Permission to Marry Chaste Women From the People of the Scriptures Allah said, وَالْمُحْصَنَـتُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنَـتِ ( (Lawful to you in marriage ) are chaste women from the believers) The Ayah states: you are allowed to marry free, chaste believing women.
This Ayah is talking about women who do not commit fornication, as evident by the word `chaste'.
Allah said in another Ayah, مُحْصَنَـت غَيْرَ مُسَـفِحَـتٍ وَلاَ مُتَّخِذَاتِ أَخْدَانٍ ( Desiring chastity not committing illegal sexual intercourse, nor taking them as boyfriends (lovers ).) 4:25 `Abdullah Ibn `Umar used to advise against marrying Christian women saying, "I do not know of a worse case of Shirk than her saying that `Isa is her lord, while Allah said, وَلاَ تَنْكِحُواْ الْمُشْرِكَـتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ ( And do not marry idolatresses till they believe. )" Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Abu Malik Al-Ghifari said that Ibn `Abbas said that when this Ayah was revealed, وَلاَ تَنْكِحُواْ الْمُشْرِكَـتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ ( And do not marry idolatresses till they believe, ) the people did not marry the pagan women.
When the following Ayah was revealed, وَالْمُحْصَنَـتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ ( (Lawful to you in marriage ) are chaste women from the believers and chaste women from those who were given the Scripture before your time) they married women from the People of the Book.
" Some of the Companions married Christian women and did not see any problem in this, relying on the honorable Ayah, وَالْمُحْصَنَـتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ ( (Lawful to you in marriage ) are chaste women from those who were given the Scripture before your time) Therefore, they made this Ayah an exception to the Ayah in Surat Al-Baqarah, وَلاَ تَنْكِحُواْ الْمُشْرِكَـتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ ( And do not marry the idolatresses till they believe, ) considering the latter Ayah to include the People of the Book in its general meaning.
Otherwise, there is no contradiction here, since the People of the Book were mentioned alone when mentioning the rest of the idolators.
Allah said, لَمْ يَكُنِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ مُنفَكِّينَ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ ( Those who disbelieve from among the People of the Scripture and the idolators, were not going to leave (their disbelief ) until there came to them clear evidence.) and, وَقُلْ لِّلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ وَالاٍّمِّيِّينَ ءَأَسْلَمْتُمْ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمُواْ فَقَدِ اهْتَدَواْ ( And say to those who were given the Scripture and to those who are illiterates: "Do you (also ) submit yourselves" If they do, they are rightly guided.) Allah said next, إِذَآ ءَاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ ( When you have given them their due ), This refers to the Mahr, so just as these women are chaste and honorable, then give them their Mahr with a good heart.
We should mention here that Jabir bin `Abdullah, `Amir Ash-Sha`bi, Ibrahim An-Nakha`i and Al-Hasan Al-Basri stated that when a man marries a woman and she commits illegal sexual intercourse before the marriage is consummated, the marriage is annulled.
In this case, she gives back the Mahr that he paid her.
Allah said, مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ وَلاَ مُتَّخِذِى أَخْدَانٍ ( Desiring chastity, not illegal sexual intercourse, nor taking them as girl-friends (or lovers ).) And just as women must be chaste and avoid illegal sexual activity, such is the case with men, who must also be chaste and honorable.
Therefore, Allah said, غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ ( ...not illegal sexual intercourse' ) as adulterous people do, those who do not avoid sin, nor reject adultery with whomever offers it to them. وَلاَ مُتَّخِذِى أَخْدَانٍ ( nor taking them as girl-friends (or lovers ),) meaning those who have mistresses and girlfriends who commit illegal sexual intercourse with them, as we mentioned in the explanation of Surat An-Nisa'.

( This day ) the day of the pilgrimage ( are (all ) good things) that which has been immolated ( made lawful for you. The food ) the animals immolated ( of those who have received the Scripture is lawful for you ) as long as it is not prohibited, ( and your food ) your immolated animals ( is lawful for them ) both the Jews and Christians can consume that which the Muslims immolate. ( And so are the ) free ( virtuous women of the believers ) are lawful for you to marry ( and the virtuous women of those who received the Scripture before you ) lawful for you to marry ( when ye give them their marriage portions ) their dowry, in surplus of the price given to the prostitute in exchange for sex ( and live with them in honour ) in wedlock, ( not in ) flagrant ( fornication, nor taking them as secret concubines. ) This was revealed about the women of Mecca when they boasted to the women of Medina. Allah said: ( Whoso denieth the faith ) Allah’s divine Oneness, ( his work is vain ) in this world ( and he will be among the losers in the Hereafter ) he will be of those who have been duped since he will be deprived of Paradise and enter hell.

Made lawful to you this day are At-Tayyibat [all kinds of Halal (lawful) foods, which Allah has made lawful (meat of slaughtered eatable animals, etc., milk products, fats, vegetables and fruits, etc.). The food (slaughtered cattle, eatable animals, etc.) of the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) is lawful to you and yours is lawful to them. (Lawful to you in marriage) are chaste women from the believers and chaste women from those who were given the Scripture (Jews and Christians) before your time, when you have given their due Mahr (bridal money given by the husband to his wife at the time of marriage), desiring chastity (i.e. taking them in legal wedlock) not committing illegal sexual intercourse, nor taking them as girl-friends. And whosoever disbelieves in the Oneness of Allah and in all the other Articles of Faith [i.e. His (Allah's), Angels, His Holy Books, His Messengers, the Day of Resurrection and Al-Qadar (Divine Preordainments)], then fruitless is his work, and in the Hereafter he will be among the losers.

Page 107 English transliteration