Surah Tawbah ayat 87 Tafsir Quran 9:87

﴿رَضُوا بِأَن يَكُونُوا مَعَ الْخَوَالِفِ وَطُبِعَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ﴾
[ التوبة: 87]

9:87 They were satisfied to be with those who stay behind, and their hearts were sealed over, so they do not understand.

They are content to be with those who stay behind khawālif is the plural of khālifa meaning the women who ‘stay behind’ takhallafna at home and a seal has been set upon their hearts so they do not understand what is good.

Satisfied in mind to remain behind with the stay-at-home, they rejoiced beyond a common joy; their hearts have been impressed with dullness of comprehension and therefore they do not apprehend the voice from heaven nor can they be provoked to apprehend virtue

Admonishing Those Who did not join the Jihad Allah chastises and admonishes those who stayed away from Jihad and refrained from performing it, even though they had the supplies, means and ability to join it.
They asked the Messenger for permission to stay behind, saying, ذَرْنَا نَكُنْ مَّعَ الْقَـعِدِينَ ( "Leave us (behind ), we would be with those who sit ( at home )") thus accepting for themselves the shame of lagging behind with women, after the army had left.
If war starts, such people are the most cowardice, but when it is safe, they are the most boastful among men.
Allah described them in another Ayah, فَإِذَا جَآءَ الْخَوْفُ رَأَيْتَهُمْ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ تَدورُ أَعْيُنُهُمْ كَالَّذِى يُغْشَى عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ الْخَوْفُ سَلَقُوكُم بِأَلْسِنَةٍ حِدَادٍ ( Then when fear comes, you will see them looking to you, their eyes revolving like (those of ) one over whom hovers death; but when the fear departs, they will smite you with sharp tongues.)33:19 their tongues direct their harsh words against you, when it is safe to do so.
In battle, however, they are the most cowardice among men.
Allah said in another Ayah, وَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَوْلاَ نُزِّلَتْ سُورَةٌ فَإِذَآ أُنزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ مُّحْكَمَةٌ وَذُكِرَ فِيهَا الْقِتَالُ رَأَيْتَ الَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ مَّرَضٌ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ نَظَرَ الْمَغْشِىِّ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ فَأَوْلَى لَهُمْ - طَاعَةٌ وَقَوْلٌ مَّعْرُوفٌ فَإِذَا عَزَمَ الاٌّمْرُ فَلَوْ صَدَقُواْ اللَّهَ لَكَانَ خَيْراً لَّهُمْ ( Those who believe say: "Why is not a Surah sent down (for us ) But when a decisive Surah ( explaining and ordering things ) is sent down, and fighting is mentioned therein, you will see those in whose hearts is a disease looking at you with a look of one fainting to death.
But it was better for them.
Obedience ( to Allah ) and good words ( were better for them ).
And when the matter is resolved on, then if they had been true to Allah, it would have been better for them.) 47:20-21 sAllah said next, وَطُبِعَ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ ( Their hearts are sealed up ) because of their staying away from Jihad and from accompanying the Messenger in Allah's cause, فَهُمْ لاَ يَفْقَهُونَ ( so they understand not. ) they neither understand what benefits them so that they perform it nor what hurts them so that they avoid it. لَـكِنِ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَعَهُ جَـهَدُواْ بِأَمْوَلِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ وَأُوْلَـئِكَ لَهُمُ الْخَيْرَاتُ وَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ

(9:87) Those people chose to stay with those who had remained behind and a seal was set upon their hearts: therefore they do not understand anything now. *89

They were satisfied to be with those meaning

*89) " ...they do not understand anything now, " for they deliberately and intentionally chose the shameful way of staying at home with women, when they were required to go forth for Jihad, though they were healthy, physically fit and well-to-do, and professed Islam.
Therefore, according to the Divine Law of Nature.
a seal was set upon their hearts and they were bereft of those noble feelings which make one feel ashamed of adopting such a disgraceful conduct.

 

Admonishing Those Who did not join the Jihad Allah chastises and admonishes those who stayed away from Jihad and refrained from performing it, even though they had the supplies, means and ability to join it.
They asked the Messenger for permission to stay behind, saying, ذَرْنَا نَكُنْ مَّعَ الْقَـعِدِينَ ( "Leave us (behind ), we would be with those who sit ( at home )") thus accepting for themselves the shame of lagging behind with women, after the army had left.
If war starts, such people are the most cowardice, but when it is safe, they are the most boastful among men.
Allah described them in another Ayah, فَإِذَا جَآءَ الْخَوْفُ رَأَيْتَهُمْ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ تَدورُ أَعْيُنُهُمْ كَالَّذِى يُغْشَى عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ الْخَوْفُ سَلَقُوكُم بِأَلْسِنَةٍ حِدَادٍ ( Then when fear comes, you will see them looking to you, their eyes revolving like (those of ) one over whom hovers death; but when the fear departs, they will smite you with sharp tongues.)33:19 their tongues direct their harsh words against you, when it is safe to do so.
In battle, however, they are the most cowardice among men.
Allah said in another Ayah, وَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَوْلاَ نُزِّلَتْ سُورَةٌ فَإِذَآ أُنزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ مُّحْكَمَةٌ وَذُكِرَ فِيهَا الْقِتَالُ رَأَيْتَ الَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ مَّرَضٌ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ نَظَرَ الْمَغْشِىِّ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ فَأَوْلَى لَهُمْ - طَاعَةٌ وَقَوْلٌ مَّعْرُوفٌ فَإِذَا عَزَمَ الاٌّمْرُ فَلَوْ صَدَقُواْ اللَّهَ لَكَانَ خَيْراً لَّهُمْ ( Those who believe say: "Why is not a Surah sent down (for us ) But when a decisive Surah ( explaining and ordering things ) is sent down, and fighting is mentioned therein, you will see those in whose hearts is a disease looking at you with a look of one fainting to death.
But it was better for them.
Obedience ( to Allah ) and good words ( were better for them ).
And when the matter is resolved on, then if they had been true to Allah, it would have been better for them.) 47:20-21 sAllah said next, وَطُبِعَ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ ( Their hearts are sealed up ) because of their staying away from Jihad and from accompanying the Messenger in Allah's cause, فَهُمْ لاَ يَفْقَهُونَ ( so they understand not. ) they neither understand what benefits them so that they perform it nor what hurts them so that they avoid it. لَـكِنِ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَعَهُ جَـهَدُواْ بِأَمْوَلِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ وَأُوْلَـئِكَ لَهُمُ الْخَيْرَاتُ وَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ

( They are content that they should be with the useless ) with the women and children ( and their hearts are sealed, so that they apprehend not ) the command of Allah.

They are content to be with those (the women) who sit behind (at home). Their hearts are sealed up (from all kinds of goodness and right guidance), so they understand not.

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