Surah Mumtahina ayat 9 Tafsir Quran 60:9

﴿إِنَّمَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَأَخْرَجُوكُم مِّن دِيَارِكُمْ وَظَاهَرُوا عَلَىٰ إِخْرَاجِكُمْ أَن تَوَلَّوْهُمْ ۚ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ﴾
[ الممتحنة: 9]

60:9 Allah only forbids you from those who fight you because of religion and expel you from your homes and aid in your expulsion - [forbids] that you make allies of them. And whoever makes allies of them, then it is those who are the wrongdoers.

God only forbids you in regard to those who waged war against you on account of religion and expelled you from your homes and supported others in your expulsion that you should make friends with them an tawallawhum is an inclusive substitution for alladhīna ‘those who’. And whoever makes friends with them those — they are the wrongdoers.

But He prohibits you from making a friendly intimacy with those who waged war against your religion and drove you out and ousted you of your homes, and supported others in effecting your ejection. and he who makes with them a friendly intimacy then. such persons are wrong-doers

Perhaps Allah will make a Friendship between You and Those, whom You hold as Enemies Allah said to His faithful servants, after ordering them to be enemies with the disbelievers, عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَجْعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ عَادَيْتُم مِّنْهُم مَّوَدَّةً ( Perhaps Allah will make friendship between you and those, whom you hold as enemies. ) meaning affection after animosity, tenderness after coldness and coming together after parting from each other, وَاللَّهُ قَدِيرٌ ( And Allah has power (over all things ),) Allah is able to gather opposites and bring together hearts, after feeling hostility and hardness.
In this case, the hearts will come together in agreement, just as Allah said when He mentioned His favor on the Ansar, وَاذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ كُنتُم أَعْدَآءً فَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِكُمْ فَأَصْبَحْتُم بِنِعْمَتِهِ إِخْوَاناً وَكُنتُمْ عَلَى شَفَا حُفْرَةٍ مِّنَ النَّارِ فَأَنقَذَكُمْ مِّنْهَا ( And remember Allah's favor on you, for you were enemies one to another but He joined your hearts together, so that, by His grace, you became brethren and were on the brink of a pit of Fire, and He saved you from it. ) ( 3:103 ) Also the Prophet said to them,
«أَلَمْ أَجِدْكُمْ ضُلَّالًا فَهَدَاكُمُ اللهُ بِي، وَكُنْتُمْ مُتَفَرِّقِينَ فَأَلَّفَكُمُ اللهُ بِي؟»
( Did I not find you misguided, and Allah guided you through me; and divided, and Allah united your hearts through me ) Allah the Exalted said, وَإِن يُرِيدُواْ أَن يَخْدَعُوكَ فَإِنَّ حَسْبَكَ اللَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِى أَيَّدَكَ بِنَصْرِهِ وَبِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ - وَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ لَوْ أَنفَقْتَ مَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ جَمِيعاً مَّآ أَلَّفْتَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ أَلَّفَ بَيْنَهُمْ إِنَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ( He it is Who has supported you with His help and with the believers.
And He has united their hearts.
If you had spent all that is in the earth, you could not have united their hearts, but Allah has united them.
Certainly He is Almighty, All-Wise. ) ( 8:62,63 ) And in the Hadith:
«أَحْبِبْ حَبِيبَكَ هَوْنًا مَا، فَعَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ بَغِيضَكَ يَوْمًا مَا، وَأَبْغِضْ بَغِيضَكَ هَوْنًا مَا، فَعَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ حَبِيبَكَ يَوْمًا مَا»
( Love your loved one moderately, because one day, he might become your enemy.
Hate your hated one moderately, because one day, he might become your loved one. ) Allah's statement, وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ ( And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. ) means, Allah forgives the disbelief of the disbelievers if they repent from it, returned to their Lord and surrendered to Him in Islam.
Surely, He is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most-Merciful to those who repent to Him from their sins, no matter what type of the sin it is. The Permissibility of being Kind to Disbelievers who do not fight against the Religion And Allah's statement; لاَّ يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَـتِلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُمْ مِّن دِيَـرِكُمْ ( Allah does not forbid you with those who fought not against you on account of religion nor drove you out of your homes, ) means, those who did not have a role in your expulsion.
Therefore, Allah does not forbid you from being kind to the disbelievers who do not fight you because of the religion, such as women and weak disbelievers, أَن تَبَرُّوهُمْ ( to deal kindly ) to be gentle with them, وَتُقْسِطُواْ إِلَيْهِمْ ( and justly with those ) to be fair with them إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ ( Verily, Allah loves those who deal with equity. ) Imam Ahmad recorded that Asma' bint Abu Bakr said, "My mother, who was an idolatress at the time, came to me during the Treaty of Peace, the Prophet conducted with the Quraysh.
I came to the Prophet and said, `O Allah's Messenger! My mother came visiting, desiring something from me, should I treat her with good relations' The Prophet said,
«نَعَمْ صِلِي أُمَّك»
( Yes.
Keep good relation with your mother. )" The Two Sahihs recorded this Hadith.
Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Zubayr said, "Qutaylah came visiting her daughter, Asma' bint Abi Bakr, with some gifts, such as Dibab, cheese and clarified ( cooking ) butter, and she was an idolatress at that time.
Asma' refused to accept her mother's gifts and did not let her enter her house.
`A'ishah asked the Prophet about his verdict and Allah sent down the Ayah, لاَّ يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَـتِلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ ( Allah does not forbid you with those who fought not against you on account of religion ) until the end of the Ayah.
Allah's Messenger ﷺ ordered Asma' to accept her mother's gifts and to let her enter her house." Allah's statement, إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ ( Allah loves those who deal with equity. ) was duly explained in the Tafsir of Surat Al-Hujurat.
We also mentioned the authentic Hadith,
«الْمُقْسِطُونَ عَلى مَنَابِرَ مِنْ نُورٍ عَنْ يَمِينِ الْعَرْشِ، الَّذِينَ يَعْدِلُونَ فِي حُكْمِهِمْ وَأَهَالِيهِمْ وَمَا وَلُوا»
( The just, who are fair in their decisions, families and those under their authority, will be on podiums made of light, to the right of the Throne. ) The Prohibition of being Kind towards Combatant Disbelievers إِنَّمَا يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ قَـتَلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ وَأَخْرَجُوكُم مِّن دِيَـرِكُمْ وَظَـهَرُواْ عَلَى إِخْرَجِكُمْ أَن تَوَلَّوْهُمْ ( It is only as regards those who fought against you on account of religion, and have driven you out of your homes, and helped to drive you out that Allah forbids you to befriend them. ) ( 60:9 ) means, `Allah forbids you from being kind and befriending with the disbelievers who are openly hostile to you, those who fought against you, expelled you and helped to expel you.
Allah the Exalted forbids you from being their friends and orders you to be their enemy.' Then Allah stresses His threat against being friends with them, by saying, وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الظَّـلِمُونَ ( And whosoever will befriend them, then such are the wrongdoers. ) As He said; يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِّنكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الظَّـلِمِينَ ( O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as protecting friends, they are but protecting friends of each other.
And if any among you takes them (as protecting friends ), then surely, he is one of them.
Verily, Allah guides not those people who are the wrongdoers) ( 5:51 ) يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا جَآءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـتُ مُهَـجِرَتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَـنِهِنَّ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَـتٍ فَلاَ تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ لاَ هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ وَلاَ هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ وَءَاتُوهُم مَّآ أَنفَقُواْ وَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَآ ءَاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَلاَ تُمْسِكُواْ بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ وَاسْـَلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقْتُمْ وَلْيَسْـَلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ ذَلِكُمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌوَإِن فَاتَكُمْ شَىْءٌ مِّنْ أَزْوَجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّـرِ فَعَـقَبْتُمْ فَآتُواْ الَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَجُهُمْ مِّثْلَ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ الَّذِى أَنتُمْ بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ

(60:9) Allah only forbids you to be friends with those who have fought against you on account of religion and who have driven you out of your homes and have abetted in your expulsion. And any who make friends with them, they are the wrong-doers. *13

Allah only forbids you from those who meaning

*13) The instructions to sever relations with the disbelievers given in the preceding verses, could cause the people the misunderstanding that this was because of their being the disbelievers.
Therefore, in these verses it has been made clear that its actual cause is not their disbelief but their hostility to Islam and their tyrannical treatment of the followers of Islam.
The Muslims, therefore, should distinguish between the hostile disbeliever and the non-hostile disbeliever, and should treat those disbelievers well who have never treated them evilly.
Its best explanation is the incident that took place between Hadrat Asma', daughter of Abu Bakr, and her disbelieving mother.
A wife of Hadrat Abu Bakr's was Qutaylah bint 'Abdul `Uzza, who wax a disbeliever and had remained behind in Makkah after the migration.
Hadrat Asma' had been born of her.
After the peace treaty of Hudaibiyah when the traffic opened between Makkah and Madinah, she came to Madinah to see her daughter and also brought sane gifts.
Hadrat Asma' herself has related that she went to the Holy Prophet and asked: " Should I see my mother? And can I treat her as a daughter should treat her mother? " The Holy Prophet replied: " Yes, treat her as your mother.
" ( Musnad Ahmad, Bukhari, Muslim ).
Hadrat Asma's son, 'Abdullah bin Zubair, has given further details of this incident.
He says that Hadrat Asma' in the beginning had refused to sec her mother.
Then, when she received Allah and His Messenger's permission she met her.
( Musnad Ahmad, Ibn Jarir, Ibn Abi Hatim ).
This by itself leads to the conclusion that a Muslim's serving his unbelieving parents and his helping his unbelieving brothers and sisters and relatives is permissible when they are not hostile to Islam; Likewise one can spend one s charities also on the indigent among the dhimmis ( Al-Jassas, Ahkam al-Qur'an; Ruh al-Ma ani )

Perhaps Allah will make a Friendship between You and Those, whom You hold as Enemies Allah said to His faithful servants, after ordering them to be enemies with the disbelievers, عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَجْعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ عَادَيْتُم مِّنْهُم مَّوَدَّةً ( Perhaps Allah will make friendship between you and those, whom you hold as enemies. ) meaning affection after animosity, tenderness after coldness and coming together after parting from each other, وَاللَّهُ قَدِيرٌ ( And Allah has power (over all things ),) Allah is able to gather opposites and bring together hearts, after feeling hostility and hardness.
In this case, the hearts will come together in agreement, just as Allah said when He mentioned His favor on the Ansar, وَاذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ كُنتُم أَعْدَآءً فَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِكُمْ فَأَصْبَحْتُم بِنِعْمَتِهِ إِخْوَاناً وَكُنتُمْ عَلَى شَفَا حُفْرَةٍ مِّنَ النَّارِ فَأَنقَذَكُمْ مِّنْهَا ( And remember Allah's favor on you, for you were enemies one to another but He joined your hearts together, so that, by His grace, you became brethren and were on the brink of a pit of Fire, and He saved you from it. ) ( 3:103 ) Also the Prophet said to them, «أَلَمْ أَجِدْكُمْ ضُلَّالًا فَهَدَاكُمُ اللهُ بِي، وَكُنْتُمْ مُتَفَرِّقِينَ فَأَلَّفَكُمُ اللهُ بِي؟» ( Did I not find you misguided, and Allah guided you through me; and divided, and Allah united your hearts through me ) Allah the Exalted said, وَإِن يُرِيدُواْ أَن يَخْدَعُوكَ فَإِنَّ حَسْبَكَ اللَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِى أَيَّدَكَ بِنَصْرِهِ وَبِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ - وَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ لَوْ أَنفَقْتَ مَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ جَمِيعاً مَّآ أَلَّفْتَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ أَلَّفَ بَيْنَهُمْ إِنَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ( He it is Who has supported you with His help and with the believers.
And He has united their hearts.
If you had spent all that is in the earth, you could not have united their hearts, but Allah has united them.
Certainly He is Almighty, All-Wise. ) ( 8:62,63 ) And in the Hadith: «أَحْبِبْ حَبِيبَكَ هَوْنًا مَا، فَعَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ بَغِيضَكَ يَوْمًا مَا، وَأَبْغِضْ بَغِيضَكَ هَوْنًا مَا، فَعَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ حَبِيبَكَ يَوْمًا مَا» ( Love your loved one moderately, because one day, he might become your enemy.
Hate your hated one moderately, because one day, he might become your loved one. ) Allah's statement, وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ ( And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. ) means, Allah forgives the disbelief of the disbelievers if they repent from it, returned to their Lord and surrendered to Him in Islam.
Surely, He is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most-Merciful to those who repent to Him from their sins, no matter what type of the sin it is. The Permissibility of being Kind to Disbelievers who do not fight against the Religion And Allah's statement; لاَّ يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَـتِلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُمْ مِّن دِيَـرِكُمْ ( Allah does not forbid you with those who fought not against you on account of religion nor drove you out of your homes, ) means, those who did not have a role in your expulsion.
Therefore, Allah does not forbid you from being kind to the disbelievers who do not fight you because of the religion, such as women and weak disbelievers, أَن تَبَرُّوهُمْ ( to deal kindly ) to be gentle with them, وَتُقْسِطُواْ إِلَيْهِمْ ( and justly with those ) to be fair with them إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ ( Verily, Allah loves those who deal with equity. ) Imam Ahmad recorded that Asma' bint Abu Bakr said, "My mother, who was an idolatress at the time, came to me during the Treaty of Peace, the Prophet conducted with the Quraysh.
I came to the Prophet and said, `O Allah's Messenger! My mother came visiting, desiring something from me, should I treat her with good relations' The Prophet said, «نَعَمْ صِلِي أُمَّك» ( Yes.
Keep good relation with your mother. )" The Two Sahihs recorded this Hadith.
Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Zubayr said, "Qutaylah came visiting her daughter, Asma' bint Abi Bakr, with some gifts, such as Dibab, cheese and clarified ( cooking ) butter, and she was an idolatress at that time.
Asma' refused to accept her mother's gifts and did not let her enter her house.
`A'ishah asked the Prophet about his verdict and Allah sent down the Ayah, لاَّ يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَـتِلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ ( Allah does not forbid you with those who fought not against you on account of religion ) until the end of the Ayah.
Allah's Messenger ﷺ ordered Asma' to accept her mother's gifts and to let her enter her house." Allah's statement, إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ ( Allah loves those who deal with equity. ) was duly explained in the Tafsir of Surat Al-Hujurat.
We also mentioned the authentic Hadith, «الْمُقْسِطُونَ عَلى مَنَابِرَ مِنْ نُورٍ عَنْ يَمِينِ الْعَرْشِ، الَّذِينَ يَعْدِلُونَ فِي حُكْمِهِمْ وَأَهَالِيهِمْ وَمَا وَلُوا» ( The just, who are fair in their decisions, families and those under their authority, will be on podiums made of light, to the right of the Throne. ) The Prohibition of being Kind towards Combatant Disbelievers إِنَّمَا يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ قَـتَلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ وَأَخْرَجُوكُم مِّن دِيَـرِكُمْ وَظَـهَرُواْ عَلَى إِخْرَجِكُمْ أَن تَوَلَّوْهُمْ ( It is only as regards those who fought against you on account of religion, and have driven you out of your homes, and helped to drive you out that Allah forbids you to befriend them. ) ( 60:9 ) means, `Allah forbids you from being kind and befriending with the disbelievers who are openly hostile to you, those who fought against you, expelled you and helped to expel you.
Allah the Exalted forbids you from being their friends and orders you to be their enemy.' Then Allah stresses His threat against being friends with them, by saying, وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الظَّـلِمُونَ ( And whosoever will befriend them, then such are the wrongdoers. ) As He said; يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِّنكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الظَّـلِمِينَ ( O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as protecting friends, they are but protecting friends of each other.
And if any among you takes them (as protecting friends ), then surely, he is one of them.
Verily, Allah guides not those people who are the wrongdoers) ( 5:51 ) يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا جَآءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـتُ مُهَـجِرَتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَـنِهِنَّ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَـتٍ فَلاَ تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ لاَ هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ وَلاَ هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ وَءَاتُوهُم مَّآ أَنفَقُواْ وَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَآ ءَاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَلاَ تُمْسِكُواْ بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ وَاسْـَلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقْتُمْ وَلْيَسْـَلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ ذَلِكُمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌوَإِن فَاتَكُمْ شَىْءٌ مِّنْ أَزْوَجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّـرِ فَعَـقَبْتُمْ فَآتُواْ الَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَجُهُمْ مِّثْلَ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ الَّذِى أَنتُمْ بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ

( Allah forbideth you only those ) He forbids you from having relations with those ( who warred against you on account of religion ) the people of Mecca ( and have driven you out from your homes ) Mecca ( and helped to drive you out ) from Mecca, ( that you make friends of them ) seeking their assistance and help. ( Whosoever maketh friends of them ) seeking their help and assistance ( (All ) such are wrong-doers) who harm themselves.

It is only as regards those who fought against you on account of religion, and have driven you out of your homes, and helped to drive you out, that Allah forbids you to befriend them. And whosoever will befriend them, then such are the Zalimun (wrong-doers those who disobey Allah).

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