Surah Muhammad ayat 1 Tafsir Quran 47:1

﴿الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَضَلَّ أَعْمَالَهُمْ﴾
[ محمد: 1]

47:1 Those who disbelieve and avert [people] from the way of Allah - He will waste their deeds.

Those who disbelieve from among the people of Mecca and bar others from the way of God that is to say from faith He will leave their works to waste such as giving food to the poor or being kind to kin and so they will find no reward for these works of theirs in the Hereafter; but they are requited for them in this world purely out of His bounty exalted be He.

Those who denied Allah and stood in the way to prevent Allahs spirit of truth from guiding people into all truth, has He imprinted their deeds with irreverence, profanity and damnation

Which was revealed in Al-Madinah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Reward of the Disbelievers and the Believers Allah says, الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ ( Those who disbelieve ) meaning, in the Ayat of Allah. وَصُدُّواْ ( and hinder (men )) Others. عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَضَلَّ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ ( from the path of Allah, He will render their deeds vain. ) meaning, He renders their deeds vain and futile, and He denies them any rewards or blessings for them.
This is similar to His saying, وَقَدِمْنَآ إِلَى مَا عَمِلُواْ مِنْ عَمَلٍ فَجَعَلْنَاهُ هَبَآءً مَّنثُوراً ( And We will approach what they have done of deeds and make them as dispersed dust. ) ( 25:23 ) Allah then says, وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَاتِ ( And those who believe and do righteous good deeds, ) Which means that their hearts and souls have believed, and their limbs and their hidden and apparent acts have complied with Allah's Law. وَءَامَنُواْ بِمَا نُزِّلَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ( And believe in that which has been sent down to Muhammad ) Adding this statement to the previous one is a method of adding a specific meaning to a general one.
This provides proof that after Muhammad's advent, believing in him is a required condition for the true faith.
Allah then says, وَهُوَ الْحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّهِمْ ( For it is the truth from their Lord. ) which is a beautifully placed parenthetical clause.
Thus, Allah says, كَفَّرَ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَـتِهِمْ وَأَصْلَحَ بَالَهُمْ ( He expiates from them their sins and amends their Bal. ) Ibn `Abbas, said, "This means their matter." Mujahid said, "This means their affair." Qatadah and Ibn Zayd both said, "Their condition." And all of these are similar in meaning.
It has been mentioned ( from the Prophet ) in the Hadith of the responding to one who sneezes,
«يَهْدِيكُمُ اللهُ وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَكُم»
( May Allah guide you and rectify your (Bal ) affairs.) Then Allah says, ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ اتَّبَعُواْ الْبَـطِلَ ( That is because those who disbelieve follow falsehood, ) meaning, `We only invalidate the deeds of the disbelievers and overlook the sins of the righteous, and amend their affairs, because those who disbelieve follow false- hood.' Meaning, they choose falsehood over the truth. وَأَنَّ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ اتَّبَعُواْ الْحَقَّ مِن رَّبِّهِمْ كَذَلِكَ يَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ أَمْثَـلَهُمْ ( while those who believe follow the truth from their Lord.
Thus does Allah set forth for the people their parables. ) Thus He makes the consequence of their actions clear to them, and He shows them where they will end in their next life -- and Allah knows best.

(47:1) Allah has caused the works of those who disbelieve *1 and hinder people from the way of Allah *2 to go to waste. *3

Those who disbelieve and avert [people] from meaning

*1) " Those who disbelieved ": Those who refused to accept the teachings and guidance presented 'by Muhammad ( upon whom be Allah's peace and blessings ).

*2) The verb sadd ( from which saddu of the original is derived ) is used both as a transitive and as an intransitive verb in Arabic.
Therefore, the sentence would mean " they themselves refrained from adopting Allah's Way " as well as they prevented others from adopting this way." There are several ways of preventing others from adopting Allah's Way: ( 1 ) That one should forcibly prevent another from believing; ( 2 ) that one should so persecute the believers that it should become difficult for them to remain steadfast on the Faith and for others to embrace the Faith in view of the dreadful conditions; ( 3 ) that one should mislead the people against the Religion and its followers in different ways and create doubts in the hearts so that the people may become suspicious of the Religion itself.
Besides, every disbeliever prevents others from the way of Allah in the sense that he brings up his children on the way of disbelief, and then it becomes difficult for his future generation to give up the ancestral faith and accept Islam.
Likewise, every unbelieving society is an obstruction to the Way of AIlah, for it creates obstacles in the way of the progress of the Faith by its system of education and training, its government and its customs and prejudices.

*3) The words adalla a 'mala-hum ( led their deeds astray, Iet them go to waste ) are very comprehensive in meaning.
Their one meaning is: AIIah deprived them of the grace that their efforts and their labours should be spent in the right way: now, whatever they do, they will do that for wrong aims and objects in wrong ways: aII their endeavors will be directed to the way of error and deviation - instead of guidance.
Their second meaning is: The works that they have been performing as pious deeds, e.g.
guardianship of the Ka'bah, entertaining the guests, treating the kindred well, and such other works, which are counted among religious services and noble actions morally, were rendered fruitless by AIIah; they will get no reward for them, for when they refuse to accept Tauhid and to adopt the way of Allah's service and worship and stop others also from adopting Islam none of their works can be acceptable to Allah.
The third meaning is AIIah rendered fruitless an$ vain the efforts they were making to obstruct the way of the Truth and to keep their creed of disbelief alive in Arabia as against the Prophet Muhammad ( upon whom be Allah's peace and blessings ): all their designs and endeavours now are aimless: they will never attain their goals by these designs.

 

Which was revealed in Al-Madinah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Reward of the Disbelievers and the Believers Allah says, الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ ( Those who disbelieve ) meaning, in the Ayat of Allah. وَصُدُّواْ ( and hinder (men )) Others. عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَضَلَّ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ ( from the path of Allah, He will render their deeds vain. ) meaning, He renders their deeds vain and futile, and He denies them any rewards or blessings for them.
This is similar to His saying, وَقَدِمْنَآ إِلَى مَا عَمِلُواْ مِنْ عَمَلٍ فَجَعَلْنَاهُ هَبَآءً مَّنثُوراً ( And We will approach what they have done of deeds and make them as dispersed dust. ) ( 25:23 ) Allah then says, وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَاتِ ( And those who believe and do righteous good deeds, ) Which means that their hearts and souls have believed, and their limbs and their hidden and apparent acts have complied with Allah's Law. وَءَامَنُواْ بِمَا نُزِّلَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ( And believe in that which has been sent down to Muhammad ) Adding this statement to the previous one is a method of adding a specific meaning to a general one.
This provides proof that after Muhammad's advent, believing in him is a required condition for the true faith.
Allah then says, وَهُوَ الْحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّهِمْ ( For it is the truth from their Lord. ) which is a beautifully placed parenthetical clause.
Thus, Allah says, كَفَّرَ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَـتِهِمْ وَأَصْلَحَ بَالَهُمْ ( He expiates from them their sins and amends their Bal. ) Ibn `Abbas, said, "This means their matter." Mujahid said, "This means their affair." Qatadah and Ibn Zayd both said, "Their condition." And all of these are similar in meaning.
It has been mentioned ( from the Prophet ) in the Hadith of the responding to one who sneezes, «يَهْدِيكُمُ اللهُ وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَكُم» ( May Allah guide you and rectify your (Bal ) affairs.) Then Allah says, ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ اتَّبَعُواْ الْبَـطِلَ ( That is because those who disbelieve follow falsehood, ) meaning, `We only invalidate the deeds of the disbelievers and overlook the sins of the righteous, and amend their affairs, because those who disbelieve follow false- hood.' Meaning, they choose falsehood over the truth. وَأَنَّ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ اتَّبَعُواْ الْحَقَّ مِن رَّبِّهِمْ كَذَلِكَ يَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ أَمْثَـلَهُمْ ( while those who believe follow the truth from their Lord.
Thus does Allah set forth for the people their parables. ) Thus He makes the consequence of their actions clear to them, and He shows them where they will end in their next life -- and Allah knows best.

And from his narration on the authority of Ibn ’Abbas that he said regarding the interpretation of Allah’s saying ( Those who disbelieve ): ’( Those who disbelieve ) in Muhammad ( pbuh ) and the Qur’an ( and turn (men ) from the way of Allah) and prevent people from the religion and obedience of Allah-the reference here is to those who fed the army of the disbelievers on the Day of Badr: ’Utbah and Shaybah the sons of Rabi’ah, Munbih and Nabih the sons of al-Hajjaj, Abu’l-Buhturi Ibn Hisham and Abu Jahl Ibn Hisham and their host-, ( He rendereth their actions vain ) He thwarts their good deeds and spending on the Day of Badr.

Those who disbelieve [in the Oneness of Allah, and in the Message of Prophet Muhammad SAW], and hinder (men) from the Path of Allah (Islamic Monotheism), He will render their deeds vain.

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