Surah Al Fath ayat 12 Tafsir Quran 48:12

﴿بَلْ ظَنَنتُمْ أَن لَّن يَنقَلِبَ الرَّسُولُ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِيهِمْ أَبَدًا وَزُيِّنَ ذَٰلِكَ فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ وَظَنَنتُمْ ظَنَّ السَّوْءِ وَكُنتُمْ قَوْمًا بُورًا﴾
[ الفتح: 12]

48:12 But you thought that the Messenger and the believers would never return to their families, ever, and that was made pleasing in your hearts. And you assumed an assumption of evil and became a people ruined."

Nay bal in both instances marks a transition from one subject to another but you thought that the Messenger and the believers would never return to their families and that thought was adorned in your hearts that is to say you thought that they would be annihilated by being slain and would not return and you thought evil thoughts that just mentioned and other things and you were a ruined lot’ būr is the plural of bā’ir in other words a lot to be destroyed according to God for having entertained such evil thoughts.

In effect you people thought that the Messenger together with the faithful believers should be caught in the jaws of death and never would they return back safe to their people. This mental anticipation allured your hearts by hopes of relief, and you hugged this evil thought to your hearts and you were a morally depraved people

The Fabricated Excuse offered by Those Who lagged behind and did not participate in Al-Hudaybiyyah Allah informs His Messenger of the excuses that the bedouins who lagged behind would offer him, those bedouins who preferred to remain in their homes and possessions and did not join the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
They offered an excuse for lagging behind, as that of being busy -- in their homes and with their wealth! They asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to invoke Allah to forgive them, not because they had faith in the Prophet and his invocation, but to show off and pretend.
This is why Allah the Exalted said about them, يَقُولُونَ بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ مَّا لَيْسَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ قُلْ فَمَن يَمْلِكُ لَكُمْ مِّنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئاً إِنْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ ضَرّاً أَوْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ نَفْعاً ( They say with their tongues what is not in their hearts.
Say: "Who then has any power at all (to intervene ) on your behalf with Allah, if He intends you hurt or intends you benefit") Allah says, none can resist what Allah has decided in your case, all praise and honor belong to Him.
Allah is the Knower of your secrets and what your hearts conceal, even if you pretend and choose to be hypocritical with us.
This is why Allah the Exalted said, بَلْ كَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيراً ( Nay, but Allah is Ever All-Aware of what you do. ) then He said, بَلْ ظَنَنْتُمْ أَن لَّن يَنقَلِبَ الرَّسُولُ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِلَى أَهْلِيهِمْ أَبَداً ( Nay, but you thought that the Messenger and the believers would never return to their families, ) `for your lagging behind was not an excusable act or just a sin.
Rather, your lagging behind was because of hypocrisy and because you thought that the Muslims would be killed to the extent of extermination, their lives would be extinguished and none of them will ever come back,' وَظَنَنتُمْ ظَنَّ السَّوْءِ وَكُنتُمْ قَوْماً بُوراً ( and you did think an evil thought and you became a people Bur ) going for destruction, according to `Abdullah bin `Abbas, Mujahid and several others.
Qatadah explained Bur to mean, corrupt and some said that it is a word used in the Arabic dialect of the area of Oman.
Allah the Exalted then said, وَمَن لَّمْ يُؤْمِن بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ( And whosoever does not believe in Allah and His Messenger, ) Allah states here that whoever does not purify his actions outwardly and inwardly for Allah's sake, then Allah the Exalted will punish him in the Blazing Fire, even if he pretends to show people that he follows the faith, contradicting his true creed.
Allah the Exalted then states that He is the Only Authority, King and Owner Who has full control over the residents of the heavens and earth, يَغْفِرُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً ( He forgives whom He wills, and punishes whom He wills.
And Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful. ) with those who repent, return and submit to Him with humiliation.

(48:12) (But the truth is not what you say.) You had imagined that the Messenger and the believers would never return to their families, and this notion was embellished in your hearts. *23 You harboured an evil thought, and you are an immensely evil people.' *24

But you thought that the Messenger and meaning

*23) That is," You were delighted to think that you had saved yourselves from the danger into which the Messenger and his believing supporters were going.
You thought you had done so by dint of your great wisdom; and you also did not feel any compunction in rejoicing at the thought that the Messenger and the believers would not return alive from their expedition.
You did not feel uneasy in spite of your claim to the Faith but were pleased to think that you did not put yourselves in the danger by accompanying the Messenger.
"
*24) The word ba- ir ( pl.bur in the original ) has two meanings: ( 1 ) A sinful, perverted and evil-minded person, who is incapable of doing anything good; and ( 2 ) one who is doomed to an evil end, who is following the path of destruction,
 

The Fabricated Excuse offered by Those Who lagged behind and did not participate in Al-Hudaybiyyah Allah informs His Messenger of the excuses that the bedouins who lagged behind would offer him, those bedouins who preferred to remain in their homes and possessions and did not join the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
They offered an excuse for lagging behind, as that of being busy -- in their homes and with their wealth! They asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to invoke Allah to forgive them, not because they had faith in the Prophet and his invocation, but to show off and pretend.
This is why Allah the Exalted said about them, يَقُولُونَ بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ مَّا لَيْسَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ قُلْ فَمَن يَمْلِكُ لَكُمْ مِّنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئاً إِنْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ ضَرّاً أَوْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ نَفْعاً ( They say with their tongues what is not in their hearts.
Say: "Who then has any power at all (to intervene ) on your behalf with Allah, if He intends you hurt or intends you benefit") Allah says, none can resist what Allah has decided in your case, all praise and honor belong to Him.
Allah is the Knower of your secrets and what your hearts conceal, even if you pretend and choose to be hypocritical with us.
This is why Allah the Exalted said, بَلْ كَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيراً ( Nay, but Allah is Ever All-Aware of what you do. ) then He said, بَلْ ظَنَنْتُمْ أَن لَّن يَنقَلِبَ الرَّسُولُ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِلَى أَهْلِيهِمْ أَبَداً ( Nay, but you thought that the Messenger and the believers would never return to their families, ) `for your lagging behind was not an excusable act or just a sin.
Rather, your lagging behind was because of hypocrisy and because you thought that the Muslims would be killed to the extent of extermination, their lives would be extinguished and none of them will ever come back,' وَظَنَنتُمْ ظَنَّ السَّوْءِ وَكُنتُمْ قَوْماً بُوراً ( and you did think an evil thought and you became a people Bur ) going for destruction, according to `Abdullah bin `Abbas, Mujahid and several others.
Qatadah explained Bur to mean, corrupt and some said that it is a word used in the Arabic dialect of the area of Oman.
Allah the Exalted then said, وَمَن لَّمْ يُؤْمِن بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ( And whosoever does not believe in Allah and His Messenger, ) Allah states here that whoever does not purify his actions outwardly and inwardly for Allah's sake, then Allah the Exalted will punish him in the Blazing Fire, even if he pretends to show people that he follows the faith, contradicting his true creed.
Allah the Exalted then states that He is the Only Authority, King and Owner Who has full control over the residents of the heavens and earth, يَغْفِرُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً ( He forgives whom He wills, and punishes whom He wills.
And Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful. ) with those who repent, return and submit to Him with humiliation.

( Nay, but ye deemed ) O hypocrites ( that the messenger and the believers would never return to their own folk ) from al-Hudaybiyyah to Medina, ( and that was made fair-seeming in your hearts ) and you were so convinced of this that you stayed behind, ( and ye did think an evil thought ) and you thought that Allah will not help His Prophet, ( and ye were worthless folk ) and you were ruined folk, with unsound and hardened hearts.

"Nay, but you thought that the Messenger (SAW) and the believers would never return to their families; and that was made fair-seeming in their hearts, and you did think an evil thought and you became a useless people going for destruction."

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