Surah Tawbah ayat 12 Tafsir Quran 9:12

﴿وَإِن نَّكَثُوا أَيْمَانَهُم مِّن بَعْدِ عَهْدِهِمْ وَطَعَنُوا فِي دِينِكُمْ فَقَاتِلُوا أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ ۙ إِنَّهُمْ لَا أَيْمَانَ لَهُمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَنتَهُونَ﴾
[ التوبة: 12]

9:12 And if they break their oaths after their treaty and defame your religion, then fight the leaders of disbelief, for indeed, there are no oaths [sacred] to them; [fight them that] they might cease.

But if they break if they violate their oaths their covenants after making their pact and assail your religion slander it then fight the leaders of unbelief its heads here an overt noun ‘the leaders of unbelief’ has replaced the third person pronominalisation — verily they have no binding oaths no pacts a variant reading for aymān ‘oaths’ has the kasra inflection for the alif sc. īmān ‘no faith’ — so that they might desist from unbelief.

But should they infringe their oaths after they have pledged their vows to you, and assailed your religion with opprobrious or abusive language, then you must battle against the ring-leaders of bigotry whose professed system of faith is featured in idolatry and infidelity, for then they will have proved themselves of a faithless disposition, false to the vows. They may with such calculated punishment desist, for their own sake, from their hostile course of action

Allah says, if the idolators with whom you conducted peace treaties for an appointed term break أَيْمَـنِهِمْ ( their oaths ) meaning, terms of their treaties, and covenants وَطَعَنُواْ فِى دِينِكُمْ ( and attack your religion... ) with disapproval and criticism, it is because of this that one who curses the Messenger, peace be upon him, or attacks the religion of Islam by way of criticism and disapproval, they are to be fought.
This is why Allah said afterwards, فَقَـتِلُواْ أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ إِنَّهُمْ لاَ أَيْمَـنَ لَهُمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَنتَهُونَ ( then fight (you ) against the leaders of disbelief -- for surely, their oaths are nothing to them -- so that they may stop.) so that they may refrain from the disbelief, rebellion and the transgression they indulge in.
Qatadah and others said that the leaders of disbelief were Abu Jahl, `Utbah and Shaybah, Umayyah bin Khalaf, and he went on to mention several others.
Al-A`mash narrated from Zayd bin Wahb from Hudhayfah; "The people of this Ayah were never fought again." A similar statement was reported from `Ali bin Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him.
However, this Ayah is general, even though the specific reason behind revealing it was the idolators of Quraysh.
So this Ayah generally applies to them and others as well, Allah knows best.
Al-Walid bin Muslim said that Safwan bin `Amr narrated that `Abdur-Rahman bin Jubayr bin Nufayr said that when Abu Bakr sent an army to Ash-Sham, he advised them, "You will find some people with shaved heads.
Therefore, strike the swords upon the parts that contain the devil, for by Allah, it is better to me to kill one of these people than to kill seventy other men.
This is because Allah said, فَقَـتِلُواْ أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ ( then fight (you ) against the leaders of disbelief.)" Ibn Abi Hatim collected it.

(9:12) But if they break their oaths after making compacts and revile your Faith you should fight with these ringleaders of disbelief because their oaths are not trustworthy: it may be that sword alone will restrain *14a them. *15

And if they break their oaths after meaning

*15) In the context,the words, oaths and compacts mean the compact of the acceptance of Islam.
Therefore, the question of making a new compact with them does not arise.
As regards the old pacts, they had already broken all of them.
It is on account of this that the declaration of immunity ( from obligations ) by Allah and His Messenger has been clearly made.
It has also been stated that such people are not worthy of any treaty and they can only be let off if they repent of their disbelief and shirk and establish Salat and pay Zakat dues.
This verse states clearly how the renegades should be treated.
As a matter of fact, .this verse forestalled the mischief of apostasy that broke out a year and a half after its revelation and Hadrat Abu Bakr followed the guidance given in this verse to crush it.
( For further explanation, see my book entitled Murtad ki Saza Islami Qanun men ).

 

Allah says, if the idolators with whom you conducted peace treaties for an appointed term break أَيْمَـنِهِمْ ( their oaths ) meaning, terms of their treaties, and covenants وَطَعَنُواْ فِى دِينِكُمْ ( and attack your religion... ) with disapproval and criticism, it is because of this that one who curses the Messenger, peace be upon him, or attacks the religion of Islam by way of criticism and disapproval, they are to be fought.
This is why Allah said afterwards, فَقَـتِلُواْ أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ إِنَّهُمْ لاَ أَيْمَـنَ لَهُمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَنتَهُونَ ( then fight (you ) against the leaders of disbelief -- for surely, their oaths are nothing to them -- so that they may stop.) so that they may refrain from the disbelief, rebellion and the transgression they indulge in.
Qatadah and others said that the leaders of disbelief were Abu Jahl, `Utbah and Shaybah, Umayyah bin Khalaf, and he went on to mention several others.
Al-A`mash narrated from Zayd bin Wahb from Hudhayfah; "The people of this Ayah were never fought again." A similar statement was reported from `Ali bin Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him.
However, this Ayah is general, even though the specific reason behind revealing it was the idolators of Quraysh.
So this Ayah generally applies to them and others as well, Allah knows best.
Al-Walid bin Muslim said that Safwan bin `Amr narrated that `Abdur-Rahman bin Jubayr bin Nufayr said that when Abu Bakr sent an army to Ash-Sham, he advised them, "You will find some people with shaved heads.
Therefore, strike the swords upon the parts that contain the devil, for by Allah, it is better to me to kill one of these people than to kill seventy other men.
This is because Allah said, فَقَـتِلُواْ أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ ( then fight (you ) against the leaders of disbelief.)" Ibn Abi Hatim collected it.

( And if they ) the people of Mecca ( break their pledges ) which are between you and them ( after their treaty (has been made with you ) and assail your religion) and defame the Religion of Islam, ( then fight the heads of disbelief ) fight the leaders of disbelief: Abu Sufyan and his host. ( Lo! they have no binding oaths in order that they may desist ) from breaking their pledges.

But if they violate their oaths after their covenant, and attack your religion with disapproval and criticism then fight (you) the leaders of disbelief (chiefs of Quraish - pagans of Makkah) - for surely their oaths are nothing to them - so that they may stop (evil actions).

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