Surah Maidah ayat 11 Tafsir Quran 5:11

﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ هَمَّ قَوْمٌ أَن يَبْسُطُوا إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فَكَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنكُمْ ۖ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۚ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ﴾
[ المائدة: 11]

5:11 O you who have believed, remember the favor of Allah upon you when a people determined to extend their hands [in aggression] against you, but He withheld their hands from you; and fear Allah. And upon Allah let the believers rely.

O you who believe remember God’s favour upon you when a people namely Quraysh purposed to extend their hands against you in order to attack you but He restrained their hands from you and protected you from what they intended to do to you; and fear God; and in God let the believers put their trust.

O you whose hearts have been touched with the divine hand: render solemn acknowledgement of Allah’s divine favour upon you when an organized group of infidels intended to lay their violent hands upon you and He held back their hands. And entertain the profound reverence dutiful to Allah, and in Allah should those whose hearts have been touched with the divine hand put their trust

Reminding the Believers of the Bounty of the Message and Islam Allah reminds His believing servants of His bounty by legislating this glorious religion and sending them this honorable Messenger.
He also reminds them of the covenant and pledges that He took from them to follow the Messenger , support and aid him, implement his Law and convey it on his behalf, while accepting it themselves.
Allah said, وَاذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَمِيثَـقَهُ الَّذِى وَاثَقَكُم بِهِ إِذْ قُلْتُمْ سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا ( And remember Allah's favor upon you and His covenant with which He bound you when you said, "We hear and we obey." ) This is the pledge that they used to give to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when they embraced Islam.
They used to say, "We gave our pledge of obedience to the Messenger of Allah to hear and obey, in times when we are active and otherwise, even if we were passed on for rights, and not to dispute leadership with its rightful people." Allah also said, وَمَا لَكُمْ لاَ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولُ يَدْعُوكُمْ لِتُؤْمِنُواْ بِرَبِّكُمْ وَقَدْ أَخَذَ مِيثَـقَكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ مُّؤْمِنِينَ ( And what is the matter with you that you believe not in Allah! While the Messenger invites you to believe in your Lord; and He has indeed taken your covenant, if you are real believers. ) It was also said that this Ayah ( 5:7 ) reminds the Jews of the pledges and promises Allah took from them to follow Muhammad and adhere to his Law, as `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas stated.
Allah then said, وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ ( And have Taqwa of Allah. ) in all times and situations.
Allah says that He knows the secrets and thoughts that the hearts conceal, إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ ( Verily, Allah is All-Knower of the secrets of (your ) breasts.) The Necessity of Observing Justice Allah said, يَـأَيُّهَآ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ كُونُواْ قَوَّامِينَ للَّهِ ( O you who believe! Stand out firmly for Allah... ) meaning, in truth for the sake of Allah, not for the sake of people or for fame, شُهَدَآءَ بِالْقِسْطِ ( as just witnesses ) observing justice and not transgression.
It is recorded in the Two Sahihs that An-Nu`man bin Bashir said, "My father gave me a gift, but `Amrah bint Rawahah, my mother, said that she would not agree to it unless he made Allah's Messenger ﷺ as a witness to it.
So, my father went to Allah's Messenger ﷺ to ask him to be a witness to his giving me the gift.
Allah's Messenger ﷺ asked,
«أكل ولدك نحلت مثله؟»
( `Have you given the like of it to everyone of your offspring' ) He replied in the negative.
Allah's Messenger ﷺ said,
«اتَّقُوا اللهَ وَاعْدِلُوا فِي أَوْلَادِكُم»
( Have Taqwa of Allah and treat your children equally. ) And said;
«إِنِّي لَا أَشْهَدُ عَلى جَوْر»
( I shall not be witness to injustice. ) My father then returned and took back his gift." Allah said; وَلاَ يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ عَلَى أَلاَّ تَعْدِلُواْ ( and let not the enmity and hatred of others make you avoid justice.
) The Ayah commands: Do not be carried away by your hatred for some people to avoid observing justice with them.
Rather, be just with every one, whether a friend or an enemy.
This is why Allah said, اعْدِلُواْ هُوَ أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَى ( Be just: that is nearer to Taqwa ) this is better than if you abandon justice in this case.
Although Allah said that observing justice is `nearer to Taqwa', there is not any other course of action to take, therefore `nearer' here means `is'.
Allah said in another Ayah, أَصْحَـبُ الْجَنَّةِ يَوْمَئِذٍ خَيْرٌ مُّسْتَقَرّاً وَأَحْسَنُ مَقِيلاً ( The dwellers of Paradise will, on that Day, have the best abode, and have the fairer of places for repose. ) Some of the female Companions said to `Umar, "You are more rough and crude than the Messenger of Allah ﷺ," meaning, you are rough, not that the Prophet is rough at all.
Allah said next, وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ ( and have Taqwa of Allah.
Verily, Allah is WellAcquainted with what you do. ) and consequently, He will reward or punish you according to your actions, whether good or evil.
Hence Allah's statement afterwards, وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ لَهُم مَّغْفِرَةٌ ( Allah has promised those who believe and do deeds of righteousness, that for them there is forgiveness ) for their sins, وَأَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ ( and a great reward. ) which is Paradise, that is part of Allah's mercy for His servants.
They will not earn Paradise on account of their good actions, but rather on account of His mercy and favor, even though they will qualify to earn this mercy on account of their good actions.
Allah has made these actions the cause and path that lead to His mercy, favor, pardon and acceptance.
Therefore, all this is from Allah Alone and all thanks are due to Him.
Allah said next, وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَكَذَّبُواْ بِـَايَـتِنَآ أُوْلَـئِكَ أَصْحَـبُ الْجَحِيمِ ( And they who disbelieve and deny our Ayat are those who will be the dwellers of the Hell-fire. ) This only demonstrates Allah's perfect justice, wisdom and judgment, He is never wrong, for He is the Most Wise, Most Just and Most Able. Among Allah's Favors is that He Prevented the Disbelievers from Fighting the Muslims Allah said, يَـأَيُّهَآ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ اذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ هَمَّ قَوْمٌ أَن يَبْسُطُواْ إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فَكَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنكُمْ ( O you who believe! Remember the favor of Allah unto you when some people desired (made a plan ) to stretch out their hands against you, but ( Allah ) withheld their hands from you.) `Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Jabir said, "The Prophet once stayed at an area and the people spread out seeking shade under various trees.
The Prophet hung his weapon on a tree, and a bedouin man came and took possession of the Prophet's weapon and held it aloft.
He came towards the Prophet and said, `Who can protect you from me' He replied, `Allah, the Exalted, Most Honored.' The bedouin man repeated his question twice or thrice, each time the Prophet answering him by saying, `Allah.' The bedouin man then lowered the sword, and the Prophet called his Companions and told them what had happened while the bedouin was sitting next to him, for the Prophet did not punish him.' Ma`mar said that Qatadah used to mention that some Arabs wanted to have the Prophet killed, so they sent that bedouin.
Qatadah would then mention this Ayah, اذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ هَمَّ قَوْمٌ أَن يَبْسُطُواْ إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ ( Remember the favor of Allah unto you when some people desired (made a plan ) to stretch out their hands against you...) The story of this bedouin man, whose name is Ghawrath bin Al-Harith, is mentioned in the Sahih.
Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar, Mujahid and `Ikrimah said that this Ayah was revealed about Bani An-Nadir, who plotted to drop a stone on the head of the Messenger when he came to them for help to pay the blood money of two persons whom Muslims killed.
The Jews left the execution of this plot to `Amr bin Jihash bin Ka`b and ordered him to throw a stone on the Prophet from above, when he came to them and sat under the wall.
Allah told His Prophet about their plot, and he went back to Al-Madinah and his Companions followed him later on.
Allah sent down this Ayah concerning this matter.
Allah's statement, وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ ( And in Allah let the believers put their trust. ) and those who do so, then Allah shall suffice for them and shall protect them from the evil plots of the people.
Thereafter, Allah commanded His Messenger to expel Bani An-Nadir, and he laid siege to their area and forced them to evacuate Al-Madinah.

(5:11) Believers! Remember Allah's favour upon you. When a certain people decided to stretch their hands against you, He restrained their hands from you. *30 Do fear Allah. Men of faith should put their trust in Allah alone.

O you who have believed, remember the meaning

*30).
This alludes to the incident reported by Ibn 'Abbas when a group of Jews invited the Prophet ( peace be on him ) and a number of his close Companions to dinner.
They had in fact hatched a plot to pounce upon the guests and thus undermine the very foundation of Islam.
But by the grace of God the Prophet ( peace be on him ) came to know of the plot at the eleventh hour and did not go.
Since the following section is addressed to the Children of Israel, this incident is alluded to here in order to mark the transition to a new subject.

The discourse which begins here has two purposes.
The first is to warn the Muslims against following the ways of their predecessors, the People of the Book.
The Muslims are told, therefore, that the Israelites and the followers of Jesus had made a covenant with God in the past, in the manner that the Muslims had recently done so.
The Muslims should, therefore, take heed lest they also break their covenant and fall a prey to error and misguidance as their predecessors had done.

The second is to sensitize the Jews and Christians to the errors they have committed and invite them to the true religion.

 

Reminding the Believers of the Bounty of the Message and Islam Allah reminds His believing servants of His bounty by legislating this glorious religion and sending them this honorable Messenger.
He also reminds them of the covenant and pledges that He took from them to follow the Messenger , support and aid him, implement his Law and convey it on his behalf, while accepting it themselves.
Allah said, وَاذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَمِيثَـقَهُ الَّذِى وَاثَقَكُم بِهِ إِذْ قُلْتُمْ سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا ( And remember Allah's favor upon you and His covenant with which He bound you when you said, "We hear and we obey." ) This is the pledge that they used to give to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when they embraced Islam.
They used to say, "We gave our pledge of obedience to the Messenger of Allah to hear and obey, in times when we are active and otherwise, even if we were passed on for rights, and not to dispute leadership with its rightful people." Allah also said, وَمَا لَكُمْ لاَ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولُ يَدْعُوكُمْ لِتُؤْمِنُواْ بِرَبِّكُمْ وَقَدْ أَخَذَ مِيثَـقَكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ مُّؤْمِنِينَ ( And what is the matter with you that you believe not in Allah! While the Messenger invites you to believe in your Lord; and He has indeed taken your covenant, if you are real believers. ) It was also said that this Ayah ( 5:7 ) reminds the Jews of the pledges and promises Allah took from them to follow Muhammad and adhere to his Law, as `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas stated.
Allah then said, وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ ( And have Taqwa of Allah. ) in all times and situations.
Allah says that He knows the secrets and thoughts that the hearts conceal, إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ ( Verily, Allah is All-Knower of the secrets of (your ) breasts.) The Necessity of Observing Justice Allah said, يَـأَيُّهَآ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ كُونُواْ قَوَّامِينَ للَّهِ ( O you who believe! Stand out firmly for Allah... ) meaning, in truth for the sake of Allah, not for the sake of people or for fame, شُهَدَآءَ بِالْقِسْطِ ( as just witnesses ) observing justice and not transgression.
It is recorded in the Two Sahihs that An-Nu`man bin Bashir said, "My father gave me a gift, but `Amrah bint Rawahah, my mother, said that she would not agree to it unless he made Allah's Messenger ﷺ as a witness to it.
So, my father went to Allah's Messenger ﷺ to ask him to be a witness to his giving me the gift.
Allah's Messenger ﷺ asked, «أكل ولدك نحلت مثله؟» ( `Have you given the like of it to everyone of your offspring' ) He replied in the negative.
Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, «اتَّقُوا اللهَ وَاعْدِلُوا فِي أَوْلَادِكُم» ( Have Taqwa of Allah and treat your children equally. ) And said; «إِنِّي لَا أَشْهَدُ عَلى جَوْر» ( I shall not be witness to injustice. ) My father then returned and took back his gift." Allah said; وَلاَ يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ عَلَى أَلاَّ تَعْدِلُواْ ( and let not the enmity and hatred of others make you avoid justice.
) The Ayah commands: Do not be carried away by your hatred for some people to avoid observing justice with them.
Rather, be just with every one, whether a friend or an enemy.
This is why Allah said, اعْدِلُواْ هُوَ أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَى ( Be just: that is nearer to Taqwa ) this is better than if you abandon justice in this case.
Although Allah said that observing justice is `nearer to Taqwa', there is not any other course of action to take, therefore `nearer' here means `is'.
Allah said in another Ayah, أَصْحَـبُ الْجَنَّةِ يَوْمَئِذٍ خَيْرٌ مُّسْتَقَرّاً وَأَحْسَنُ مَقِيلاً ( The dwellers of Paradise will, on that Day, have the best abode, and have the fairer of places for repose. ) Some of the female Companions said to `Umar, "You are more rough and crude than the Messenger of Allah ﷺ," meaning, you are rough, not that the Prophet is rough at all.
Allah said next, وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ ( and have Taqwa of Allah.
Verily, Allah is WellAcquainted with what you do. ) and consequently, He will reward or punish you according to your actions, whether good or evil.
Hence Allah's statement afterwards, وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ لَهُم مَّغْفِرَةٌ ( Allah has promised those who believe and do deeds of righteousness, that for them there is forgiveness ) for their sins, وَأَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ ( and a great reward. ) which is Paradise, that is part of Allah's mercy for His servants.
They will not earn Paradise on account of their good actions, but rather on account of His mercy and favor, even though they will qualify to earn this mercy on account of their good actions.
Allah has made these actions the cause and path that lead to His mercy, favor, pardon and acceptance.
Therefore, all this is from Allah Alone and all thanks are due to Him.
Allah said next, وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَكَذَّبُواْ بِـَايَـتِنَآ أُوْلَـئِكَ أَصْحَـبُ الْجَحِيمِ ( And they who disbelieve and deny our Ayat are those who will be the dwellers of the Hell-fire. ) This only demonstrates Allah's perfect justice, wisdom and judgment, He is never wrong, for He is the Most Wise, Most Just and Most Able. Among Allah's Favors is that He Prevented the Disbelievers from Fighting the Muslims Allah said, يَـأَيُّهَآ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ اذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ هَمَّ قَوْمٌ أَن يَبْسُطُواْ إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فَكَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنكُمْ ( O you who believe! Remember the favor of Allah unto you when some people desired (made a plan ) to stretch out their hands against you, but ( Allah ) withheld their hands from you.) `Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Jabir said, "The Prophet once stayed at an area and the people spread out seeking shade under various trees.
The Prophet hung his weapon on a tree, and a bedouin man came and took possession of the Prophet's weapon and held it aloft.
He came towards the Prophet and said, `Who can protect you from me' He replied, `Allah, the Exalted, Most Honored.' The bedouin man repeated his question twice or thrice, each time the Prophet answering him by saying, `Allah.' The bedouin man then lowered the sword, and the Prophet called his Companions and told them what had happened while the bedouin was sitting next to him, for the Prophet did not punish him.' Ma`mar said that Qatadah used to mention that some Arabs wanted to have the Prophet killed, so they sent that bedouin.
Qatadah would then mention this Ayah, اذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ هَمَّ قَوْمٌ أَن يَبْسُطُواْ إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ ( Remember the favor of Allah unto you when some people desired (made a plan ) to stretch out their hands against you...) The story of this bedouin man, whose name is Ghawrath bin Al-Harith, is mentioned in the Sahih.
Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar, Mujahid and `Ikrimah said that this Ayah was revealed about Bani An-Nadir, who plotted to drop a stone on the head of the Messenger when he came to them for help to pay the blood money of two persons whom Muslims killed.
The Jews left the execution of this plot to `Amr bin Jihash bin Ka`b and ordered him to throw a stone on the Prophet from above, when he came to them and sat under the wall.
Allah told His Prophet about their plot, and he went back to Al-Madinah and his Companions followed him later on.
Allah sent down this Ayah concerning this matter.
Allah's statement, وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ ( And in Allah let the believers put their trust. ) and those who do so, then Allah shall suffice for them and shall protect them from the evil plots of the people.
Thereafter, Allah commanded His Messenger to expel Bani An-Nadir, and he laid siege to their area and forced them to evacuate Al-Madinah.

( O ye who believe! ) i.e. Muhammad and his Companions ( Remember Allah’s favour unto you ) recollect Allah’s grace by driving away from you the harm of the enemy, ( how a people ) the people of the Banu Qurayzah ( were minded to stretch out their hands against you ) to kill you ( but He withheld ) He prevented ( their hands from you ) from killing you; ( and keep your duty to Allah ) fear Allah in relation to that which He has commanded you. ( In Allah let believers put their trust ) the believers should rely on Allah.

O you who believe! Remember the Favour of Allah unto you when some people desired (made a plan) to stretch out their hands against you, but (Allah) withheld their hands from you. So fear Allah. And in Allah let believers put their trust.

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