Surah Tawbah ayat 13 Tafsir Quran 9:13

﴿أَلَا تُقَاتِلُونَ قَوْمًا نَّكَثُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ وَهَمُّوا بِإِخْرَاجِ الرَّسُولِ وَهُم بَدَءُوكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ ۚ أَتَخْشَوْنَهُمْ ۚ فَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَن تَخْشَوْهُ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ﴾
[ التوبة: 13]

9:13 Would you not fight a people who broke their oaths and determined to expel the Messenger, and they had begun [the attack upon] you the first time? Do you fear them? But Allah has more right that you should fear Him, if you are [truly] believers.

Will you not a-lā ‘will not’ or ‘is not’ denotes incitement fight a people who broke violated their oaths their pacts and intended to expel the Messenger from Mecca — for they discussed this between them in their council assembly — initiating combat against you first? when they fought alongside Banū Bakr against Khuzā‘a your allies? So what is stopping you from fighting them? Are you afraid of them? God is more worthy of your fear when you fail to fight them if you are believers.

These Pagans were they who almost always broke their vows and disregarded their treaties, they purposed to oust the Messenger from Macca and plotted to turn him out of Madina and they were the aggressors following the covenant into which both of you entered*. Therefore, would you not take these matters of fact as have been narrated to you and circumstance them after the right manner or do you fear them, when it is Allah whom you should fear if indeed you have conformed to His system of faith and worship

Encouragement to fight the Disbelievers, and some Benefits of fighting Them These Ayat encourage, direct and recommend fighting against the idolators who break the terms of their covenants, those who tried to expel the Messenger from Makkah.
Allah said in other Ayat, وَإِذْ يَمْكُرُ بِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لِيُثْبِتُوكَ أَوْ يَقْتُلُوكَ أَوْ يُخْرِجُوكَ وَيَمْكُرُونَ وَيَمْكُرُ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الْمَـكِرِينَ ( And (remember ) when the disbelievers plotted against you to imprison you, or to kill you, or to expell you; they were plotting and Allah too was plotting; and Allah is the best of those who plot.) 8:30, يُخْرِجُونَ الرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّـكُمْ أَن تُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ رَبِّكُمْ ( ...and have driven out the Messenger and yourselves (from your homeland ) because you believe in Allah your Lord!) 60:1, and, وَإِن كَادُواْ لَيَسْتَفِزُّونَكَ مِنَ الاٌّرْضِ لِيُخْرِجُوكَ مِنْهَا ( And verily, they were about to frighten you so much as to drive you out from the land. ) 17:76 Allah's statement, وَهُم بَدَءُوكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ ( while they did attack you first ), refers to the battle of Badr when the idolators marched to protect their caravan.
When they knew that their caravan escaped safely, they still went ahead with their intent to fight Muslims out of arrogance, as we mentioned before.
It was also said that these Ayat refer to the idolators breaking the peace agreement with Muslims and aiding Bani Bakr, their allies, against Khuza`ah, the ally of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
This is why the Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched to Makkah in the year of the victory, thus conquering it, all thanks and praise is due to Allah.
Allah said, أَتَخْشَوْنَهُمْ فَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَن تَخْشَوْهُ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤُمِنِينَ ( Do you fear them Allah has more right that you should fear Him if you are believers. ) Allah says here, `Do not fear idolators, but fear Me instead, for I am worthy of being feared by the servants due to My might and punishment.
In My Hand lies the matter; whatever I will occurs, and whatever I do not will does not occur.' Allah next said, while ordering the believers and explaining the wisdom of ordaining Jihad against them, all the while able to destroy their enemies with a command from Him, قَـتِلُوهُمْ يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ وَيُخْزِهِمْ وَيَنْصُرْكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَشْفِ صُدُورَ قَوْمٍ مُّؤْمِنِينَ ( Fight against them so that Allah will punish them by your hands, and disgrace them and give you victory over them, and heal the breasts of a believing people. ) This Ayah includes all believers, even though Mujahid, `Ikrimah and As-Suddi said that it refers to Khuza`ah.
Concerning the believers, Allah said; وَيُذْهِبْ غَيْظَ قُلُوبِهِمْ ( and remove the anger of their hearts ), then وَيَتُوبُ اللَّهُ عَلَى مَن يَشَآءُ ( Allah accepts the repentance of whom He wills ), from His servants, وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ ( Allah is All-Knowing ), in what benefits His servants, حَكِيمٌ ( All-Wise ), in His actions and statements, whether narrative or legislative.
Allah does what He wills, decides what He wills, and He is the Just Who never wrongs any.
Not even the weight of an atom of good or evil is ever neglected with Him, but rather, He compensates for it in this life and the Hereafter.

(9:13) Will you not fight *16 such people who have been breaking their solemn pledges, who conspired to banish the Messenger and were the first to transgress against you? Are you afraid of them? If you are true Believers, surely Allah has a greater right that you should fear Him.

Would you not fight a people who meaning

*16) In this passage the addressees are the Muslims.
They have been urged to fight perseveringly in the Way of Allah, without paying the least heed to their ties of blood and relationship and to their worldly interests.
In order to understand fully the spirit of this passage, the reader should keep in view the state of affairs at the time, when the abrogation of the treaties was declared.
Though Islam was reigning supreme in the greater part of Arabia and there was no greater power to challenge its supremacy, still superficial observers saw a number of dangers in the extreme step which was being taken at that time.

First, it was feared that the abrogating of the treaties with all the mushrik clans at one and the same time, and debarring them from Haj and changing the guardianship of the Ka`abah and abolishing alI the rituals of `ignorance', would so incite the mushriks and the hypocrites and enkindle such fire of enmity that they would be ready to shed the last drop of their blood for safeguarding their interests and prejudices.

Secondly, it was feared that the mushriks would be greatly enraged by this declaration which granted freedom of movement to the Muslims to perform Haj, whereas it forbade the non-Muslims.
Obviously this would also affect adversely their economic condition, for Haj played a very important part in the economic life of Arabia during that period of her history.

Lastly, it was feared that this would put to a hard trial those people who had embraced Islam recently after the Peace Treaty of Hudaibiyah and the Conquest of Makkah.
For many of their kith and kin were still mushriks, some of whom had their interests closely bound up with those offices of `ignorance' which were abolished.
Now it was obvious that the total war against the mushriks demanded that these new Muslims should not only kill their own near and dear ones but should also themselves abolish those ancient offices and distinctions which they had enjoyed for centuries.

Though it is true that none of these dangers took any practical shape, there were good reasons for these apprehensions, for none could foresee the trends of events at the time of the abrogation of the treaties.
And the dangers were averted because these Commandments had prepared them beforehand to meet them.
More than that: this preparedness produced other good results.
The delegates from the remnants of the mushriks, their chiefs and rulers began to visit Al-Madinah and take the oath of allegiance to Islam and obedience to the Holy prophet, who let them retain their old positions and offices.
These things proved that if the Muslims had not been in a state of readiness to take immediate action for enforcing the terms of the " Declaration " with the sword, the events which followed might have taken a different direction.
Therefore it was the need of the hour that the Muslims should have been vehemently urged for Jihad, and their apprehensions removed.
T.
hat is why it was being enjoined that they should not let anything hinder them from doing the Will of Allah.
And this is the theme of this discourse.

 

Encouragement to fight the Disbelievers, and some Benefits of fighting Them These Ayat encourage, direct and recommend fighting against the idolators who break the terms of their covenants, those who tried to expel the Messenger from Makkah.
Allah said in other Ayat, وَإِذْ يَمْكُرُ بِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لِيُثْبِتُوكَ أَوْ يَقْتُلُوكَ أَوْ يُخْرِجُوكَ وَيَمْكُرُونَ وَيَمْكُرُ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الْمَـكِرِينَ ( And (remember ) when the disbelievers plotted against you to imprison you, or to kill you, or to expell you; they were plotting and Allah too was plotting; and Allah is the best of those who plot.) 8:30, يُخْرِجُونَ الرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّـكُمْ أَن تُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ رَبِّكُمْ ( ...and have driven out the Messenger and yourselves (from your homeland ) because you believe in Allah your Lord!) 60:1, and, وَإِن كَادُواْ لَيَسْتَفِزُّونَكَ مِنَ الاٌّرْضِ لِيُخْرِجُوكَ مِنْهَا ( And verily, they were about to frighten you so much as to drive you out from the land. ) 17:76 Allah's statement, وَهُم بَدَءُوكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ ( while they did attack you first ), refers to the battle of Badr when the idolators marched to protect their caravan.
When they knew that their caravan escaped safely, they still went ahead with their intent to fight Muslims out of arrogance, as we mentioned before.
It was also said that these Ayat refer to the idolators breaking the peace agreement with Muslims and aiding Bani Bakr, their allies, against Khuza`ah, the ally of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
This is why the Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched to Makkah in the year of the victory, thus conquering it, all thanks and praise is due to Allah.
Allah said, أَتَخْشَوْنَهُمْ فَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَن تَخْشَوْهُ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤُمِنِينَ ( Do you fear them Allah has more right that you should fear Him if you are believers. ) Allah says here, `Do not fear idolators, but fear Me instead, for I am worthy of being feared by the servants due to My might and punishment.
In My Hand lies the matter; whatever I will occurs, and whatever I do not will does not occur.' Allah next said, while ordering the believers and explaining the wisdom of ordaining Jihad against them, all the while able to destroy their enemies with a command from Him, قَـتِلُوهُمْ يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ وَيُخْزِهِمْ وَيَنْصُرْكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَشْفِ صُدُورَ قَوْمٍ مُّؤْمِنِينَ ( Fight against them so that Allah will punish them by your hands, and disgrace them and give you victory over them, and heal the breasts of a believing people. ) This Ayah includes all believers, even though Mujahid, `Ikrimah and As-Suddi said that it refers to Khuza`ah.
Concerning the believers, Allah said; وَيُذْهِبْ غَيْظَ قُلُوبِهِمْ ( and remove the anger of their hearts ), then وَيَتُوبُ اللَّهُ عَلَى مَن يَشَآءُ ( Allah accepts the repentance of whom He wills ), from His servants, وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ ( Allah is All-Knowing ), in what benefits His servants, حَكِيمٌ ( All-Wise ), in His actions and statements, whether narrative or legislative.
Allah does what He wills, decides what He wills, and He is the Just Who never wrongs any.
Not even the weight of an atom of good or evil is ever neglected with Him, but rather, He compensates for it in this life and the Hereafter.

( Will ye not fight a folk ) why is it that you do not fight a people, i.e. the people of Mecca ( who broke their solemn pledges ) which are between them and you, ( and purposed to drive out the messenger ) and wanted to kill the Messenger when they entered Dar al-Nadwah ( and did attack you first ) by breaking their pledge when they helped the Banu Bakr, their allies, against the Banu Khuza’ah, the allies of the Prophet ( pbuh )? ( What! Fear ye them? ) O believers, do you fear fighting them? ( Now Allah hath more right that you should fear Him ) because of leaving His command, ( if ye are believers ).

Will you not fight a people who have violated their oaths (pagans of Makkah) and intended to expel the Messenger, while they did attack you first? Do you fear them? Allah has more right that you should fear Him, if you are believers.

Page 188 English transliteration