Surah Al Fath ayat 20 Tafsir Quran 48:20

﴿وَعَدَكُمُ اللَّهُ مَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً تَأْخُذُونَهَا فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَٰذِهِ وَكَفَّ أَيْدِيَ النَّاسِ عَنكُمْ وَلِتَكُونَ آيَةً لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَيَهْدِيَكُمْ صِرَاطًا مُّسْتَقِيمًا﴾
[ الفتح: 20]

48:20 Allah has promised you much booty that you will take [in the future] and has hastened for you this [victory] and withheld the hands of people from you - that it may be a sign for the believers and [that] He may guide you to a straight path.

God has promised you abundant spoils which you will capture through the various conquests. So He has expedited this one the spoils of Khaybar for you and withheld men’s hands from you with regard to your families after you had set off on the campaign as the Jews had intended to plot against them; but God cast terror into their hearts; so that it the expedited one wa-li-takūna is a supplement to an implied verb that is to say li-tashkurūhu ‘that you may give thanks to Him’ may be a sign for the believers of their being assisted by God and that He may guide you on a straight path that is to say the way in which you should rely on Him and entrust any affair to Him exalted be He;

Allah has given you a Divine assurance of future gains to come into your possession, and so He expedited for you this event (of concluding peace treaty at Hodaibyiah) and He held back the people’s hands from a hostile course of action against you so that it comes to be a sign; an act of miraculous nature serving to demonstrate Divine power; authority. He is well intentioned to guide you to the path of safety and righteousness

Good News of abundant Spoils of War Mujahid said that Allah's statement, وَعَدَكُمُ اللَّهُ مَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً تَأْخُذُونَهَا ( Allah has promised you abundant spoils that you will capture, ) refers to the spoils that Muslims earned up until this time, while, فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَـذِهِ ( and He has hastened for you this, ) means, the conquest of Khaybar.
Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said, فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَـذِهِ ( and He has hastened for you this, ) means, "The peace treaty of Al-Hudaybiyyah." Allah said, وَكَفَّ أَيْدِىَ النَّاسِ عَنْكُمْ ( and He has restrained the hands of men from you, ) meaning, `no harm that your enemies had planned against you, both fighting and warfare, touched you.
Allah also restrained the hands of men, whom you left behind close to your families and children, from harming them,' وَلِتَكُونَ ءَايَةً لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( that it may be a sign for the believers, ) with which they take heed and understand.
Verily, Allah the Exalted and Most Honored shall help and protect the believers against all enemies, even though the believers are few in number.
By doing so, the believers will come to know that Allah is truly the Knower of the consequences of all matters and that the best decisions are those which He prefers for His believing servants, even though these decisions might look unfavorable outwardly, وَعَسَى أَن تَكْرَهُواْ شَيْئًا وَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ ( It may be that you dislike a thing that is good for you ) ( 2:216 ).
Allah said, وَيَهْدِيَكُمْ صِرَطاً مُّسْتَقِيماً ( and that He may guide you to the straight path ) on account of your obeying His commands and adhering by His orders by following the path of His Messenger , Good News of continuous Muslim Victories until the Day of Resurrection The statement of Allah the Exalted and Most Honored, وَأُخْرَى لَمْ تَقْدِرُواْ عَلَيْهَا قَدْ أَحَاطَ اللَّهُ بِهَا وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيراً ( And other (victories ) which are not yet within your power; indeed Allah encompasses them.
And Allah is Ever Able to do all things.) Meaning, there are other war spoils and victories to come which are not within your grasp now.
However, Allah will make them within your reach and indeed He compasses all these victories for your benefit.
Surely, Allah the Exalted provides provisions and sustenance for His servants who have Taqwa, from resources they could never imagine.
Scholars of Tafsir differ over the reference to other war spoils mentioned here.
Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said that it refers to the conquest of Khaybar.
This meaning is sound according to the Ayah, فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَـذِهِ ( and He has hastened for you this. ) which refers to the treaty of Al-Hudaybiyyah.
This is view of Ad-Dahhak, Muhammad bin Ishaq and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam.
Qatadah said that this part of the Ayah refers to the conquest of Makkah, and this opinion was preferred by Ibn Jarir.
Ibn Abi Layla and Al-Hasan Al-Basri said that it refers to victories over the Persians and the Romans, while Mujahid said that it refers to every victory and all spoils of war, until the Day of Resurrection.
Abu Dawud At-Tayalisi recorded that Ibn `Abbas commented on the Ayah, وَأُخْرَى لَمْ تَقْدِرُواْ عَلَيْهَا قَدْ أَحَاطَ اللَّهُ بِهَا ( And other (victories ) which are not yet within your power; indeed Allah compasses them.), "They are the victories that are continuing until this day." Had Makkah's Disbelievers fought at Al-Hudaybiyyah, They would have retreated in Defeat Allah said, وَلَوْ قَـتَلَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كفَرُواْ لَوَلَّوُاْ الاٌّدْبَـرَ ثُمَّ لاَ يَجِدُونَ وَلِيّاً وَلاَ نَصِيراً ( And if those who disbelieve fight against you, they certainly would have turned their backs; then they would have found neither a protector nor a helper. ) Allah the Exalted and Most Honored delivers the glad tidings to His believing servants that had the idolators fought them, Allah would have given victory to His Messenger and His faithful servants.
Then, the army of the disbelievers would have been defeated and would have deserted the battlefield and fled.
They would not have found any helper or supporter, because they were fighting Allah, His Messenger and His Faithful Party.
Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said, سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِى قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلُ وَلَن تَجِدَ لِسُنَّةِ اللَّهِ تَبْدِيلاً ( That has been the way of Allah already with those who passed away before.
And you will not find any change in the way of Allah. ) means this is the way Allah deals with His creation.
Whenever faith and disbelief meet at any distinguishing juncture, Allah gives victory to faith over disbelief, raises high truth and destroys falsehood.
For instance, Allah the Exalted helped His loyal faithful supporters during the battle of Badr and they defeated His idolator enemies, even though the Muslims were few in num- ber and lightly armed, while the idolators were large in number and heavily armed.
Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said, وَهُوَ الَّذِى كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُم بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِن بَعْدِ أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيراً ( And He it is Who has withheld their hands from you and your hands from them in the midst of Makkah, after He had made you victors over them.
And Allah is Ever the All-Seer of what you do. ) Allah the Exalted reminds His faithful servants of His favor when He restrained the hands of the idolators, and thereby, no harm touched the Muslims from the idolators.
Allah restrained the hands of the believers and they did not fight the idolaters near Al-Masjid Al-Haram.
Rather, Allah saved both parties from battle and brought forth a peace treaty that produced good results for the believers, in addition to, earning them the good end in this life and the Hereafter.
We stated a Hadith from Salamah bin Al-Akwa` in which he narrated that when the Muslims brought forth those seventy idolator prisoners, they tied and paraded them before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who looked at them and said,
«أَرْسِلُوهُمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ بَدْءُ الْفُجُورِ وَثِنَاه»
( Release them, so that they earn the burden of starting hostilities and its infamy. ) Thereafter, Allah the Exalted and Most Honored sent down this Ayah about that incident, وَهُوَ الَّذِى كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُم ( And He it is Who has withheld their hands from you and your hands from them... ) Imam Ahmad recor- ded that Anas bin Malik said, "On the day of Hudaybiyyah, eighty armed men from Makkah went down the valley coming from Mount At-Tan`im to ambush the Messen- ger of Allah .
The Messenger invoked Allah against them, and they were taken prisoners." `Affan added, "The Messenger ﷺ pardoned them, and this Ayah was later on revealed, وَهُوَ الَّذِى كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُم بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِن بَعْدِ أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ ( And He it is Who has withheld their hands from you and your hands from them in the midst of Makkah, after He had made you victors over them. )" Muslim, Abu Dawud in his Sunan and At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i, in the Tafsir section of their Sunan, collected this Hadith.

(48:20) Allah has promised you abundant spoils which you shall acquire. *35 He has instantly granted you this (victory) *36 and has restrained the hands of people from you *37 that it may be a Sign for the believers *38 and He may guide you to a Straight Way. *39

Allah has promised you much booty that meaning

*35) This refers to the other victories that the Muslim achieved successively after Khaiber.

*36) This implies the treaty of Hudaibiyah which has been described as " a manifest victory " in the beginning of the Surah.

*37) That is, " He restrained the disbelieving Quraish from attacking you at Hudaibiyah although from all appearances they were in a much better position and yours was a much weaker side militarily. " Furthermore, it also implies that no enemy power could muster courage to attack Madinah in those days, whereas after the departure of 1,400 soldiers the Madinah front had become very weak, and the Jews, the polytheists and hypocrites could take advantage of the situation.

*38) Sign of this as to how Allah helps the one who remains steadfast on obedience to Allah and His Messenger and comes out to support and defend the Truth and righteousness with his trust and faith in Allah.

*39) " To the right way " : " To the way of greater insight and faith so that you may remain steadfast on obedience to Allah and His Messenger in the future and may go on marching on the way of truth with trust in AIlah, and may learn this lesson from these experiences that the believer should take practical steps to do whatever is demanded by Allahs Religion with his trust in Him, and should not overestimate either his own strength or the strength of the unbelievers. "
 

Good News of abundant Spoils of War Mujahid said that Allah's statement, وَعَدَكُمُ اللَّهُ مَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً تَأْخُذُونَهَا ( Allah has promised you abundant spoils that you will capture, ) refers to the spoils that Muslims earned up until this time, while, فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَـذِهِ ( and He has hastened for you this, ) means, the conquest of Khaybar.
Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said, فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَـذِهِ ( and He has hastened for you this, ) means, "The peace treaty of Al-Hudaybiyyah." Allah said, وَكَفَّ أَيْدِىَ النَّاسِ عَنْكُمْ ( and He has restrained the hands of men from you, ) meaning, `no harm that your enemies had planned against you, both fighting and warfare, touched you.
Allah also restrained the hands of men, whom you left behind close to your families and children, from harming them,' وَلِتَكُونَ ءَايَةً لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( that it may be a sign for the believers, ) with which they take heed and understand.
Verily, Allah the Exalted and Most Honored shall help and protect the believers against all enemies, even though the believers are few in number.
By doing so, the believers will come to know that Allah is truly the Knower of the consequences of all matters and that the best decisions are those which He prefers for His believing servants, even though these decisions might look unfavorable outwardly, وَعَسَى أَن تَكْرَهُواْ شَيْئًا وَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ ( It may be that you dislike a thing that is good for you ) ( 2:216 ).
Allah said, وَيَهْدِيَكُمْ صِرَطاً مُّسْتَقِيماً ( and that He may guide you to the straight path ) on account of your obeying His commands and adhering by His orders by following the path of His Messenger , Good News of continuous Muslim Victories until the Day of Resurrection The statement of Allah the Exalted and Most Honored, وَأُخْرَى لَمْ تَقْدِرُواْ عَلَيْهَا قَدْ أَحَاطَ اللَّهُ بِهَا وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيراً ( And other (victories ) which are not yet within your power; indeed Allah encompasses them.
And Allah is Ever Able to do all things.) Meaning, there are other war spoils and victories to come which are not within your grasp now.
However, Allah will make them within your reach and indeed He compasses all these victories for your benefit.
Surely, Allah the Exalted provides provisions and sustenance for His servants who have Taqwa, from resources they could never imagine.
Scholars of Tafsir differ over the reference to other war spoils mentioned here.
Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said that it refers to the conquest of Khaybar.
This meaning is sound according to the Ayah, فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَـذِهِ ( and He has hastened for you this. ) which refers to the treaty of Al-Hudaybiyyah.
This is view of Ad-Dahhak, Muhammad bin Ishaq and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam.
Qatadah said that this part of the Ayah refers to the conquest of Makkah, and this opinion was preferred by Ibn Jarir.
Ibn Abi Layla and Al-Hasan Al-Basri said that it refers to victories over the Persians and the Romans, while Mujahid said that it refers to every victory and all spoils of war, until the Day of Resurrection.
Abu Dawud At-Tayalisi recorded that Ibn `Abbas commented on the Ayah, وَأُخْرَى لَمْ تَقْدِرُواْ عَلَيْهَا قَدْ أَحَاطَ اللَّهُ بِهَا ( And other (victories ) which are not yet within your power; indeed Allah compasses them.), "They are the victories that are continuing until this day." Had Makkah's Disbelievers fought at Al-Hudaybiyyah, They would have retreated in Defeat Allah said, وَلَوْ قَـتَلَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كفَرُواْ لَوَلَّوُاْ الاٌّدْبَـرَ ثُمَّ لاَ يَجِدُونَ وَلِيّاً وَلاَ نَصِيراً ( And if those who disbelieve fight against you, they certainly would have turned their backs; then they would have found neither a protector nor a helper. ) Allah the Exalted and Most Honored delivers the glad tidings to His believing servants that had the idolators fought them, Allah would have given victory to His Messenger and His faithful servants.
Then, the army of the disbelievers would have been defeated and would have deserted the battlefield and fled.
They would not have found any helper or supporter, because they were fighting Allah, His Messenger and His Faithful Party.
Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said, سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِى قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلُ وَلَن تَجِدَ لِسُنَّةِ اللَّهِ تَبْدِيلاً ( That has been the way of Allah already with those who passed away before.
And you will not find any change in the way of Allah. ) means this is the way Allah deals with His creation.
Whenever faith and disbelief meet at any distinguishing juncture, Allah gives victory to faith over disbelief, raises high truth and destroys falsehood.
For instance, Allah the Exalted helped His loyal faithful supporters during the battle of Badr and they defeated His idolator enemies, even though the Muslims were few in num- ber and lightly armed, while the idolators were large in number and heavily armed.
Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said, وَهُوَ الَّذِى كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُم بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِن بَعْدِ أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيراً ( And He it is Who has withheld their hands from you and your hands from them in the midst of Makkah, after He had made you victors over them.
And Allah is Ever the All-Seer of what you do. ) Allah the Exalted reminds His faithful servants of His favor when He restrained the hands of the idolators, and thereby, no harm touched the Muslims from the idolators.
Allah restrained the hands of the believers and they did not fight the idolaters near Al-Masjid Al-Haram.
Rather, Allah saved both parties from battle and brought forth a peace treaty that produced good results for the believers, in addition to, earning them the good end in this life and the Hereafter.
We stated a Hadith from Salamah bin Al-Akwa` in which he narrated that when the Muslims brought forth those seventy idolator prisoners, they tied and paraded them before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who looked at them and said, «أَرْسِلُوهُمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ بَدْءُ الْفُجُورِ وَثِنَاه» ( Release them, so that they earn the burden of starting hostilities and its infamy. ) Thereafter, Allah the Exalted and Most Honored sent down this Ayah about that incident, وَهُوَ الَّذِى كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُم ( And He it is Who has withheld their hands from you and your hands from them... ) Imam Ahmad recor- ded that Anas bin Malik said, "On the day of Hudaybiyyah, eighty armed men from Makkah went down the valley coming from Mount At-Tan`im to ambush the Messen- ger of Allah .
The Messenger invoked Allah against them, and they were taken prisoners." `Affan added, "The Messenger ﷺ pardoned them, and this Ayah was later on revealed, وَهُوَ الَّذِى كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُم بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِن بَعْدِ أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ ( And He it is Who has withheld their hands from you and your hands from them in the midst of Makkah, after He had made you victors over them. )" Muslim, Abu Dawud in his Sunan and At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i, in the Tafsir section of their Sunan, collected this Hadith.

( Allah promiseth you much booty that ye will capture ) this is the booty of Persia which they had not captured yet but would capture a few years later, ( and hath given you this ) i.e. the booty of Khaybar ( in advance, and hath withheld men’s hands from you ) from fighting you; referring here to Asad and Ghatafan who were allies of Khaybar, ( that it ) the conquest of Khaybar ( may be a token ) a lesson and sign ( for the believers ) this is because the believers were about 8,000 in number while Khaybar were about 70,000, ( and that He may guide you on a right path ) and that He may hold you firm on an established religion with which He is pleased.

Allah has promised you abundant spoils that you will capture, and He has hastened for you this, and He has restrained the hands of men from you, that it may be a sign for the believers, and that He may guide you to a Straight Path.

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