Surah shura ayat 27 Tafsir Quran 42:27

﴿۞ وَلَوْ بَسَطَ اللَّهُ الرِّزْقَ لِعِبَادِهِ لَبَغَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَٰكِن يُنَزِّلُ بِقَدَرٍ مَّا يَشَاءُ ۚ إِنَّهُ بِعِبَادِهِ خَبِيرٌ بَصِيرٌ﴾
[ الشورى: 27]

42:27 And if Allah had extended [excessively] provision for His servants, they would have committed tyranny throughout the earth. But He sends [it] down in an amount which He wills. Indeed He is, of His servants, Acquainted and Seeing.

For were God to extend His provision to His servants to all of them they would all of them surely become covetous in other words they would become tyrants in the earth; but He sends down read yunzilu or yunazzilu of provisions in the measure that He will thus extending it for some of His servants to the exclusion of others — and from such extending of provision to some emerges tyranny. Surely He is Aware Seer of His servants.

If Allah were to give livelihood generously and liberally to all His creatures and to confer support gratuitously, they would be apt to run riot on earth and transgress the goal. But He sends down to the extent He prescribes as He will; He is Khabirun (Omniscient), and Bassirun (Whose constant vigilance is extended to all His creatures)

Allah accepts Repentance and responds to Supplications Here Allah reminds His servants that He accepts repentance.
If they turn to Him and come back to Him, then by His kindness and generosity He forgives, overlooks and conceals ( their sins ), as He says: وَمَن يَعْمَلْ سُوءاً أَوْ يَظْلِمْ نَفْسَهُ ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ يَجِدِ اللَّهَ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً ( And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but afterwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. ) ( 4:110 ) It was reported in Sahih Muslim that Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ  said:
«للهُ تَعَالَى أَشَدُّ فَرَحًا بِتَوْبَةِ عَبْدِهِ حِينَ يَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ أَحَدِكُمْ كَانَتْ رَاحِلَتُهُ بِأَرْضِ فَلَاةٍ، فَانْفَلَتَتْ مِنْهُ، وَعَلَيْهَا طَعَامُهُ وَشَرَابُهُ، فَأَيِسَ مِنْهَا فَأَتَى شَجَرَةً فَاضْطَجَعَ فِي ظِلِّهَا، قَدْ أَيِسَ مِنْ رَاحِلَتِهِ، فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ كَذَلِكَ إِذَا هُوَ بِهَا، قَائِمَةً عِنْدَهُ، فَأَخَذَ بِخِطَامِهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ مِنْ شِدَّةِ الْفَرَحِ: اللْهُمَّ أَنْتَ عَبْدِي وَأَنَا رَبُّكَ، أَخْطَأَ مِنْ شِدَّةِ الْفَرَح»
( Allah is more pleased with the repentance of His servant than anyone of you who loses his riding beast in a barren land, and it was carrying his food and drink; he despairs of ever finding it, so he comes to a tree and lies down in its shade, having given up all hope of finding his riding beast; then whilst he is there like that, suddenly he sees it standing near him, so he takes hold of its reins and because of his great joy he says, "O Allah,You are my slave and I am Your Lord!" -- i.e,.
he makes a mistake because of his great joy.
)" A similar report was also narrated in the Sahih from `Abdullah bin Mas`ud, may Allah be pleased with him. وَهُوَ الَّذِى يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ ( And He it is Who accepts repentance from His servants, ) It was reported that Az-Zuhri said, concerning this Ayah, that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ  said:
«للهُ أَشَدُّ فَرَحًا بِتَوْبَةِ عَبْدِهِ مِنْ أَحَدِكُمْ يَجِدُ ضَالَّتَهُ فِي الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي يَخَافُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ فِيهِ الْعَطَش»
( Allah rejoices more over the repentance of His servant than one of you feels when he finds his lost camel in a place where he had feared that he would die of thirst. )" Hammam bin Al-Harith said, "Ibn Mas`ud was asked about a man who commits immoral sins with a woman and then marries her.
He said, `There is nothing wrong with that,' and recited: وَهُوَ الَّذِى يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ ( And He it is Who accepts repentance from His servants )." وَيَعْفُواْ عَنِ السَّيِّئَـتِ ( and forgives sins, ) means, He will accept repentance in the future, and He forgives past sins. وَيَعْلَمُ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ ( and He knows what you do.
) means, He knows all your deeds and actions and words, yet He still accepts the repentance of those who repent to Him. وَيَسْتَجِيبُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ ( And He answers those who believe and do righteous good deeds, ) As-Suddi said, "This means, He responds to them." This was also the view of Ibn Jarir: "It means that He answers their supplication for themselves, their companions and their brothers." وَيَزِيدَهُم مِّن فَضْلِهِ ( and gives them increase of His bounty. ) means, He answers their supplications and gives them more besides.
Qatadah said, narrating from Ibrahim An-Nakha`i Al-Lakhmi about the Ayah: وَيَسْتَجِيبُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ ( And He answers those who believe and do righteous good deeds, ) -- ( this means ) they intercede for their brothers; r وَيَزِيدَهُم مِّن فَضْلِهِ ( and gives them increase of His bounty. ) -- ( this means ) they intercede for their brothers' brothers. وَالْكَـفِرُونَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ ( And as for the disbelievers, theirs will be a severe torment. ) -- having mentioned the believers and the great reward that is theirs, Allah then mentions the disbelievers and the severe, painful, agonizing torment that they will find with Him on the Day of Resurrection, the Day when they are brought to account. The Reason why Provision is not Increased وَلَوْ بَسَطَ اللَّهُ الرِّزْقَ لِعِبَادِهِ لَبَغَوْاْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ ( And if Allah were to extend the provision for His servants, they would surely rebel in the earth, ) means, `if We gave them more provision than they need, this would make them rebel and transgress against one another in an arrogant and insolent manner.' وَلَـكِن يُنَزِّلُ بِقَدَرٍ مَّا يَشَآءُ إِنَّهُ بِعِبَادِهِ خَبِيرُ بَصِيرٌ ( but He sends down by measure as He wills.
Verily, He is, in respect of His servants, the Well-Aware, the All-Seer. ) means, but He gives them provision according to what is in their best interests, and He knows best about that.
So He makes rich those who deserve to be rich, and He makes poor those who deserve to be poor. وَهُوَ الَّذِى يُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ مِن بَعْدِ مَا قَنَطُواْ ( And He it is Who sends down the rain after they have despaired, ) means, after the people have given up hope that rain will fall, He sends it down upon them at their time of need.
This is like the Ayah: وَإِن كَانُواْ مِن قَبْلِ أَن يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِّن قَبْلِهِ لَمُبْلِسِينَ ( And verily, before that (rain ) -- just before it was sent down upon them -- they were in despair!) ( 30:49 ) وَيَنشُرُ رَحْمَتَهُ ( and spreads His mercy.
) means, He bestows it upon all the people who live in that region.
Qatadah said, "We were told that a man said to `Umar bin Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, `O Commander of the faithful, no rain has come and the people are in despair.' `Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said, `Rain will be sent upon you,' and he recited: وَهُوَ الَّذِى يُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ مِن بَعْدِ مَا قَنَطُواْ وَيَنشُرُ رَحْمَتَهُ وَهُوَ الْوَلِىُّ الْحَمِيدُ ( And He it is Who sends down the rain after they have despaired, and spreads His mercy.
And He is the Protector, Worthy of all praise )." Meaning He is the One Who is in control of His creation, taking care of what will benefit them in this world and the Hereafter, and the consequences of all His decrees and actions are good, for which He is worthy of all praise.

(42:27) If Allah were to grant ample sustenance to His servants they would go about transgressing in the land. But He sends down in due measure whatever (sustenance) He wills. Surely He is Well-Aware and All-Seeing concerning matters that relate to His servants. *48

And if Allah had extended [excessively] provision meaning

*48) If the context in which this thing has been sAld is kept in view, it appears that AlIah here is alluding to the basic factor that was working in the rebellion of the disbelievers of Makkah.
Although they were insignificant as agAlnst the mighty Roman and Iranian Empires and their position among the nations of the neighbouring countries was no more than of a commercial tribe of a backward people, the relative prosperity and glory that they enjoyed among the other Arabs had made them so proud and arrogant that they were not inclined even to listen to the Prophet of Allah, and their chiefs of the tribes regarded it below their dignity that Muhammad bin `Abdullah ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) should be their guide and they his followers.
On this it is being sAld " If We had actually opened up the gates of provisions for these mean people, they would have burst with pride.
But We are watching over them, and are providing for them only sparingly so as to keep them within limits.
" According to this meaning this verse, in other words, is touching on the same subject which has already been treated in At-Taubah: 68-70, Al-Kahf: 32-42, Al-Qasas: 75-82, Ar-Rum: 9, Saba: 34-36 and Al-Mu'min: 82-85 above.

 

Allah accepts Repentance and responds to Supplications Here Allah reminds His servants that He accepts repentance.
If they turn to Him and come back to Him, then by His kindness and generosity He forgives, overlooks and conceals ( their sins ), as He says: وَمَن يَعْمَلْ سُوءاً أَوْ يَظْلِمْ نَفْسَهُ ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ يَجِدِ اللَّهَ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً ( And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but afterwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. ) ( 4:110 ) It was reported in Sahih Muslim that Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ  said: «للهُ تَعَالَى أَشَدُّ فَرَحًا بِتَوْبَةِ عَبْدِهِ حِينَ يَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ أَحَدِكُمْ كَانَتْ رَاحِلَتُهُ بِأَرْضِ فَلَاةٍ، فَانْفَلَتَتْ مِنْهُ، وَعَلَيْهَا طَعَامُهُ وَشَرَابُهُ، فَأَيِسَ مِنْهَا فَأَتَى شَجَرَةً فَاضْطَجَعَ فِي ظِلِّهَا، قَدْ أَيِسَ مِنْ رَاحِلَتِهِ، فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ كَذَلِكَ إِذَا هُوَ بِهَا، قَائِمَةً عِنْدَهُ، فَأَخَذَ بِخِطَامِهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ مِنْ شِدَّةِ الْفَرَحِ: اللْهُمَّ أَنْتَ عَبْدِي وَأَنَا رَبُّكَ، أَخْطَأَ مِنْ شِدَّةِ الْفَرَح» ( Allah is more pleased with the repentance of His servant than anyone of you who loses his riding beast in a barren land, and it was carrying his food and drink; he despairs of ever finding it, so he comes to a tree and lies down in its shade, having given up all hope of finding his riding beast; then whilst he is there like that, suddenly he sees it standing near him, so he takes hold of its reins and because of his great joy he says, "O Allah,You are my slave and I am Your Lord!" -- i.e,.
he makes a mistake because of his great joy.
)" A similar report was also narrated in the Sahih from `Abdullah bin Mas`ud, may Allah be pleased with him. وَهُوَ الَّذِى يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ ( And He it is Who accepts repentance from His servants, ) It was reported that Az-Zuhri said, concerning this Ayah, that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ  said: «للهُ أَشَدُّ فَرَحًا بِتَوْبَةِ عَبْدِهِ مِنْ أَحَدِكُمْ يَجِدُ ضَالَّتَهُ فِي الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي يَخَافُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ فِيهِ الْعَطَش» ( Allah rejoices more over the repentance of His servant than one of you feels when he finds his lost camel in a place where he had feared that he would die of thirst. )" Hammam bin Al-Harith said, "Ibn Mas`ud was asked about a man who commits immoral sins with a woman and then marries her.
He said, `There is nothing wrong with that,' and recited: وَهُوَ الَّذِى يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ ( And He it is Who accepts repentance from His servants )." وَيَعْفُواْ عَنِ السَّيِّئَـتِ ( and forgives sins, ) means, He will accept repentance in the future, and He forgives past sins. وَيَعْلَمُ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ ( and He knows what you do.
) means, He knows all your deeds and actions and words, yet He still accepts the repentance of those who repent to Him. وَيَسْتَجِيبُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ ( And He answers those who believe and do righteous good deeds, ) As-Suddi said, "This means, He responds to them." This was also the view of Ibn Jarir: "It means that He answers their supplication for themselves, their companions and their brothers." وَيَزِيدَهُم مِّن فَضْلِهِ ( and gives them increase of His bounty. ) means, He answers their supplications and gives them more besides.
Qatadah said, narrating from Ibrahim An-Nakha`i Al-Lakhmi about the Ayah: وَيَسْتَجِيبُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ ( And He answers those who believe and do righteous good deeds, ) -- ( this means ) they intercede for their brothers; r وَيَزِيدَهُم مِّن فَضْلِهِ ( and gives them increase of His bounty. ) -- ( this means ) they intercede for their brothers' brothers. وَالْكَـفِرُونَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ ( And as for the disbelievers, theirs will be a severe torment. ) -- having mentioned the believers and the great reward that is theirs, Allah then mentions the disbelievers and the severe, painful, agonizing torment that they will find with Him on the Day of Resurrection, the Day when they are brought to account. The Reason why Provision is not Increased وَلَوْ بَسَطَ اللَّهُ الرِّزْقَ لِعِبَادِهِ لَبَغَوْاْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ ( And if Allah were to extend the provision for His servants, they would surely rebel in the earth, ) means, `if We gave them more provision than they need, this would make them rebel and transgress against one another in an arrogant and insolent manner.' وَلَـكِن يُنَزِّلُ بِقَدَرٍ مَّا يَشَآءُ إِنَّهُ بِعِبَادِهِ خَبِيرُ بَصِيرٌ ( but He sends down by measure as He wills.
Verily, He is, in respect of His servants, the Well-Aware, the All-Seer. ) means, but He gives them provision according to what is in their best interests, and He knows best about that.
So He makes rich those who deserve to be rich, and He makes poor those who deserve to be poor. وَهُوَ الَّذِى يُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ مِن بَعْدِ مَا قَنَطُواْ ( And He it is Who sends down the rain after they have despaired, ) means, after the people have given up hope that rain will fall, He sends it down upon them at their time of need.
This is like the Ayah: وَإِن كَانُواْ مِن قَبْلِ أَن يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِّن قَبْلِهِ لَمُبْلِسِينَ ( And verily, before that (rain ) -- just before it was sent down upon them -- they were in despair!) ( 30:49 ) وَيَنشُرُ رَحْمَتَهُ ( and spreads His mercy.
) means, He bestows it upon all the people who live in that region.
Qatadah said, "We were told that a man said to `Umar bin Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, `O Commander of the faithful, no rain has come and the people are in despair.' `Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said, `Rain will be sent upon you,' and he recited: وَهُوَ الَّذِى يُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ مِن بَعْدِ مَا قَنَطُواْ وَيَنشُرُ رَحْمَتَهُ وَهُوَ الْوَلِىُّ الْحَمِيدُ ( And He it is Who sends down the rain after they have despaired, and spreads His mercy.
And He is the Protector, Worthy of all praise )." Meaning He is the One Who is in control of His creation, taking care of what will benefit them in this world and the Hereafter, and the consequences of all His decrees and actions are good, for which He is worthy of all praise.

( And if Allah were to enlarge the provision for His slaves ) if Allah were to give abundant wealth to His slaves ( they would surely rebel ) they would surely transgress and become too arrogant ( in the earth, but He sendeth down ) but He enlarges ( by measure as He wills ) for whomever He will. ( Lo! He is Informed ) of what is good for His slaves, ( a Seer of His bondmen ) and of their works.

And if Allah were to enlarge the provision for His slaves, they would surely rebel in the earth, but He sends down by measure as He wills. Verily! He is in respect of His slaves, the Well-Aware, the All-Seer (of things that benefit them).

Page 486 English transliteration