Surah Ikhlas ayat 3 Tafsir Quran 112:3

﴿لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ﴾
[ الإخلاص: 3]

112:3 He neither begets nor is born,

He neither begot for no likeness of Him can exist nor was begotten since createdness is precluded in His case.

He did not beget nor was He begotten

Which was revealed in Makkah The Reason for the Revelation of this Surah and its Virtues Imam Ahmad recorded from Ubayy bin Ka`b that the idolators said to the Prophet , "O Muhammad! Tell us the lineage of your Lord." So Allah revealed بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful Similar was recorded by At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Jarir and they added in their narration that he said, الصَّمَدُ ( As-Samad ) is One Who does not give birth, nor was He born, because there is nothing that is born except that it will die, and there is nothing that dies except that it leaves behind inheritance, and indeed Allah does not die and He does not leave behind any inheritance. وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ ( And there is none comparable to Him. ) This means that there is none similar to Him, none equal to Him and there is nothing at all like Him." Ibn Abi Hatim also recorded it and At-Tirmidhi mentioned it as a Mursal narration.
Then At-Tirmidhi said, "And this is the most correct." A Hadith on its Virtues Al-Bukhari reported from `Amrah bint `Abdur-Rahman, who used to stay in the apartment of `A'ishah, the wife of the Prophet , that `A'ishah said, "The Prophet sent a man as the commander of a war expedition and he used to lead his companions in prayer with recitation ( of the Qur'an ).
And he would complete his recitation with the recitation of `Say: He is Allah, One.' So when they returned they mentioned that to the Prophet and he said,
«سَلُوهُ لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ يَصْنَعُ ذَلِكَ؟»
( Ask him why does he do that. ) So they asked him and he said, `Because it is the description of Ar-Rahman and I love to recite it.
So the Prophet said,
«أَخْبِرُوهُ أَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يُحِبُّه»
( Inform him that Allah the Most High loves him. )" This is how Al-Bukhari recorded this Hadith in his Book of Tawhid.
Muslim and An-Nasa'i also recorded it.
In his Book of Salah, Al-Bukhari recorded that Anas said, "A man from the Ansar used to lead the people in prayer in the Masjid of Quba'.
Whenever he began a Surah in the recitation of the prayer that he was leading them, he would start by reciting `Say: He is Allah, One' until he completed the entire Surah.
Then he would recite another Surah along with it ( after it ).
And used to do this in every Rak`ah.
So his companions spoke to him about this saying; `Verily, you begin the prayer with this Surah.
Then you think that it is not sufficient for you unless you recite another Surah as well.
So you should either recite it or leave it and recite another Surah instead.' The man replied, `I will not leave it off.
If you want me to continue leading you ( in prayer ), I will do this; and if you all do not like it, I will leave you ( i.e., I will stop leading you ).' They used to consider him to be of the best of them to lead them in prayer and they did not want anyone else to lead them other than him.
So, when the Prophet came they informed him of this information and he said,
«يَا فُلَانُ، مَا يَمْنَعُكَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ مَا يَأْمُرُكَ بِهِ أَصْحَابُكَ، وَمَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى لُزُوم هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ؟»
( O so-and-so! What prevents you from doing what your companions are commanding you to do, and what makes you adhere to the recitation of this Surah in every Rak`ah ) The man said, `Verily, I love it.' The Prophet replied,
«حُبُّكَ إِيَّاهَا أَدْخَلَكَ الْجَنَّة»
( Your love of it will cause you to enter Paradise. ) This was recorded by Al-Bukhari, with a disconnected chain, but in a manner indicating his approval. A Hadith that mentions this Surah is equivalent to a Third of the Qur'an Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Sa`id that a man heard another man reciting قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ( Say: "He is Allah, One." ) and he was repeating over and over.
So when morning came, the man went to the Prophet and mentioned that to him, and it was as though he was belittling it.
The Prophet said,
«وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ إِنَّهَا لَتَعْدِلُ ثُلُثَ الْقُرْآن»
( By He in Whose Hand is my soul, verily it is equivalent to a third of the Qur'an. ) Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i also recorded it.
Another Hadith Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Sa`id, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to his Companions,
«أَيَعْجِزُ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ ثُلُثَ الْقُرْآنِ فِي لَيْلَةٍ»
( Is one of you not able to recite a third of the Qur'an in a single night ) This was something that was difficult for them and they said, "Which of us is able to do that, O Messenger of Allah" So he replied,
«اللهُ الْوَاحِدُ الصَّمَدُ ثُلُثُ الْقُرْآن»
( "Allah is the One, As-Samad" is a third of the Qur'an. ) Al-Bukhari was alone in recording this Hadith. Another Hadith that its Recitation necessitates Admission into Paradise Imam Malik bin Anas recorded from `Ubayd bin Hunayn that he heard Abu Hurayrah saying, "I went out with the Prophet and he heard a man reciting `Say: He is Allah, the One.' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«وَجَبَت»
( It is obligatory. ) I asked, `What is obligatory' He replied,
«الْجَنَّة»
( Paradise. )" At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i also recorded it by way of Malik, and At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih Gharib.
We do not know of it except as a narration of Malik." The Hadith in which the Prophet said,
«حُبُّكَ إِيَّاهَا أَدْخَلَكَ الْجَنَّة»
( Your love of it will cause you to enter Paradise. ) has already been mentioned. A Hadith about repeating this Surah `Abdullah bin Imam Ahmad recorded from Mu`adh bin `Abdullah bin Khubayb, who reported that his father said, "We became thirsty and it had become dark while we were waiting for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to lead us in prayer.
Then, when he came out he took me by my hand and said,
«قُل»
( Say. ) Then he was silent.
Then he said again,
«قُل»
( Say. ) So I said, `What should I say' He said, قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ وَالْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ حِينَ تُمْسِي وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُ ثَلَاثًا، تَكْفِكَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مَرَّتَيْن» ( Say: "He is Allah, One," and the two Surahs of Refuge (Al-Falaq and An-Nas ) when you enter upon the evening and the morning three times ( each ).
They will be sufficient for you two times every day.)" This Hadith was also recorded by Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i.
At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih Gharib." An-Nasa'i also recorded through another chain of narrators with the wording,
«يَكْفِكَ كُلَّ شَيْء»
( They will suffice you against everything. ) Another Hadith about supplicating with it by Allah's Names In his Book of Tafsir, An-Nasa'i recorded from `Abdullah bin Buraydah, who reported from his father that he entered the Masjid with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and there was a man praying and supplicating saying, "O Allah! Verily, I ask you by my testifying that there is no God worthy of worship except You.
You are the One, the Self-Sufficient Sustainer of all, Who does not give birth, nor were You born, and there is none comparable to Him." The Prophet said, «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَقَدْ سَأَلَهُ بِاسْمِهِ الْأَعْظَم، الَّذِي إِذَ A Hadith about seeking a Cure by these Surahs Al-Bukhari recorded from `A'ishah that whenever the Prophet would go to bed every night, he would put his palms together and blow into them.
Then he would recite into them ( his palms ), `Say: He is Allah, One', `Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of Al-Falaq', and `Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of mankind.' Then he would wipe whatever he was able to of his body with them ( his palms ).
He would begin wiping his head and face with them and the front part of his body.
He would do this ( wiping his body ) three times.
The Sunan compilers also recorded this same Hadith. بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ - اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ - لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ - وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ ( 1.
Say: "He is Allah, One." ) ( 2.
"Allah As-Samad." ) ( 3.
"He begets not, nor was He begotten." ) ( 4.
"And there is none comparable to Him." ) The reason for the revelation of this Surah has already been mentioned.
`Ikrimah said, "When the Jews said, `We worship `Uzayr, the son of Allah,' and the Christians said, `We worship the Messiah ( `Isa ), the son of Allah,' and the Zoroastrians said, `We worship the sun and the moon,' and the idolators said, `We worship idols,' Allah revealed to His Messenger , قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ( Say: "He is Allah, One." ) meaning, He is the One, the Singular, Who has no peer, no assistant, no rival, no equal and none comparable to Him.
This word ( Al-Ahad ) cannot be used for anyone in affirmation except Allah the Mighty and Majestic, because He is perfect in all of His attributes and actions.
Concerning His saying, اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ ( Allah As-Samad. ) `Ikrimah reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "This means the One Who all of the creation depends upon for their needs and their requests." `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn `Abbas, "He is the Master Who is perfect in His sovereignty, the Most Noble Who is perfect in His nobility, the Most Magnificent Who is perfect in His magnificence, the Most Forbearing Who is perfect in His forbearance, the All-Knowing Who is perfect in His knowledge, and the Most Wise Who is perfect in His wisdom.
He is the One Who is perfect in all aspects of nobility and authority.
He is Allah, glory be unto Him.
These attributes are not befitting anyone other than Him.
He has no coequal and nothing is like Him.
Glory be to Allah, the One, the Irresistible." Al-A`mash reported from Shaqiq, who said that Abu Wa'il said, الصَّمَدُ ( As-Samad. ) is the Master Whose control is complete." Allah is Above having Children and procreating Then Allah says, لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ - وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ ( He begets not, nor was He begotten.
And there is none comparable to Him. ) meaning, He does not have any child, parent or spouse.
Mujahid said, وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ ( And there is none comparable to Him. ) "This means He does not have a spouse." This is as Allah says, بَدِيعُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ أَنَّى يَكُونُ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَمْ تَكُنْ لَّهُ صَـحِبَةٌ وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ ( He is the Originator of the heavens and the earth.
How can He have children when He has no wife He created all things. ) ( 6:101 ) meaning, He owns everything and He created everything.
So how can He have a peer among His creatures who can be equal to Him, or a relative who can resemble Him Glorified, Exalted and far removed is Allah from such a thing.
Allah says, وَقَالُواْ اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمَـنُ وَلَداً - لَقَدْ جِئْتُمْ شَيْئاً إِدّاً - تَكَادُ السَّمَـوَتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِنْهُ وَتَنشَقُّ الاٌّرْضُ وَتَخِرُّ الْجِبَالُ هَدّاً - أَن دَعَوْا لِلرَّحْمَـنِ وَلَداً - وَمَا يَنبَغِى لِلرَّحْمَـنِ أَن يَتَّخِذَ وَلَداً - إِن كُلُّ مَن فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ إِلاَّ آتِى الرَّحْمَـنِ عَبْداً - لَّقَدْ أَحْصَـهُمْ وَعَدَّهُمْ عَدّاً - وَكُلُّهُمْ ءَاتِيهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ فَرْداً ( And they say: Ar-Rahman has begotten a son.
Indeed you have brought forth (said ) a terrible evil thing.
Whereby the heavens are almost torn, and the earth is split asunder, and the mountains fall in ruins, that they ascribe a son to Ar-Rahman.
But it is not suitable for Ar-Rahman that He should beget a son.
There is none in the heavens and the earth but comes unto Ar-Rahman as a slave.
Verily, He knows each one of them, and has counted them a full counting.
And all of them will come to Him alone on the Day of Resurrection.) ( 19:88-95 ) And Allah says, وَقَالُواْ اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمَـنُ وَلَداً سُبْحَانَهُ بَلْ عِبَادٌ مُّكْرَمُونَ - لاَ يَسْبِقُونَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ وَهُمْ بِأَمْرِهِ يَعْمَلُونَ ( And they say: "Ar-Rahman has begotten a son.
Glory to Him! They are but honored servants.
They speak not until He has spoken, and they act on His command. ) ( 21:26-27 ) Allah also says, وَجَعَلُواْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْجِنَّةِ نَسَباً وَلَقَدْ عَلِمَتِ الجِنَّةُ إِنَّهُمْ لَمُحْضَرُونَ سُبْحَـنَ اللَّهِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ- ( And they have invented a kinship between Him and the Jinn, but the Jinn know well that they have indeed to appear before Him.
Glorified is Allah! (He is free ) from what they attribute unto Him!) ( 37:158-159 ) In Sahih Al-Bukhari, it is recorded ( that that the Prophet said ),
«لَا أَحَدَ أَصْبَرُ عَلَى أَذًى سَمِعَهُ مِنَ اللهِ، يَجْعَلُونَ لَهُ وَلَدًا، وَهُوَ يَرْزُقُهُمْ وَيُعَافِيهِم»
( There is no one more patient with something harmful that he hears than Allah.
They attribute a son to Him, while it is He Who gives them sustenance and cures them. ) Al-Bukhari also recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said,
«قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: كَذَّبَنِي ابْنُ آدَمَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ ذَلِكَ، وَشَتَمَنِي وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَأَمَّا تَكْذِيبُهُ إِيَّايَ فَقَوْلُهُ: لَنْ يُعِيدَنِي كَمَا بَدَأَنِي، وَلَيْسَ أَوَّلُ الْخَلْقِ بِأَهْوَنَ عَلَيَّ مِنْ إِعَادَتِهِ، وَأَمَّا شَتْمُهُ إِيَّايَ فَقَوْلُهُ: اتَّخَذَ اللهُ وَلَدًا، وَأَنَا الْأَحَدُ الصَّمَدُ، لَمْ أَلِدْ وَلَمْ أُولَدْ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِي كُفُوًا أَحَد»
( Allah the Mighty and Majestic says, "The Son of Adam denies Me and he has no right to do so, and he abuses Me and he has no right to do so.
In reference to his denial of Me, it is his saying: `He (Allah ) will never re-create me like He created me before.' But the re-creation of him is easier than his original creation.
As for his cursing Me, it is his saying: `Allah has taken a son.' But I am the One, the Self-Sufficient Master.
I do not give birth, nor was I born, and there is none comparable to Me.") This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Ikhlas, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.

(112:3) He neither begot any nor was He begotten, *5

He neither begets nor is born, meaning

*5) The polytheists in every age have adopted the concept that like men, gods also belong to a species, which has many members and they also get married, beget and are begotten.
They did not even regard Allah, Lord of the universe, as supreme and above this concept of ignorance, and even proposed children for Him.
Thus, the Arabian belief as stated in the Qur'an was that they regarded the angels as daughters of Allah.
The Prophetic communities too could not remain immune from this creed of paganism.
They too adopted the creed of holding one saintly person or another as son of God.
Two kinds of concepts have always been mixed up in these debasing superstitions.
Some people thought that those whom they regarded as Allah's children, were descended from him in the natural way and some others claimed that the one whom they called son of God, had been adopted by Allah Himself as a son.
Although they could not dare call anyone as, God forbid, father of God, obviously human mind cannot remain immune against such a concept that God too should be regarded as a son of somebody when it is conceived that He is not tree from sex and procreation and that He too, like man, is the kind of being which begets children and needs to adopt a son in case it is childless, That is why one of the questions asked of the Holy Prophet ( upon whom be peace ) was: what is the ancestry of Allah? and another was: from whom has He inherited the world and who will inherit it after Him?
If these assumptions of ignorance are analysed, it becomes obvious that they logically necessitate the assumption of some other things as well.
_
First, that God should not be One, but there should be a species of Gods, and its members should be associates in the attributes, acts and powers of Divinity.
This not only follows from assuming God begetting children but also from assuming that He has adopted someone as a son.
for the adopted son of somebody can inevitably be of his own kind.
And when, God forbid, he is of the same kind as God, it cannot be denied that he too possesses attributes of Godhead.

Second, that children cannot be conceived unless the male and the female combine and some substance from the father and the mother unites to take the shape of child.
Therefore, the assumption that God begets children necessitates that He should, God forbid, be a material and physical entity, should have a wife of His own species, and some substance also should issue from His body.

Third, that wherever there is sex and procreation, it is there because individuals are mortal and for the survival of their species it is inevitable that they should beget children to perpetuate the race.
Thus, the assumption that God begets children also necessitates that He should, God forbid, Himself be mortal, and immorality should belong to the species of Gods, not to God Himself.
Furthermore, it also necessitates that like all mortal individuals, God also, God forbid, should have a beginning and an end.
For the individuals of the species whose survival depends upon sex and procreation neither exist since eternity nor will exist till eternity.

Fourth, that the object of adopting some one as a son is that a childless person needs a helper in his lifetime and an heir after his death.
Therefore, the supposition that Allah has adopted a son inevitably amounts to ascribing all those weaknesses to His sublime Being which characterise mortal man.

Although aII these assumptions are destroyed as soon as Allah is called and described as Ahad and As-Samad, yet when it is said: " Neither has He an offspring nor is He the offspring of another ", there remains no room for any ambiguity in this regard.
Then, since these concepts are the most potent factors of polytheism with regard to Divine Being, AIlah has refuted them clearly and absolutely not only in Surah AI-Ikhlas but has also reiterated this theme at different places in different ways so that the people may understand the truth fully.
For example Iet us consider the following verses:
" Allah is only One Deity: He is tar too exalted that He should have a son: whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth belongs to Him. " ( AnNisa': 171 )
" Note it well: they, in fact, invent a falsehood when they say, `Allah has children'.
They are utter liars, " ( As-Saaffat: 151-152 )
" They have invented a hood-relationship between Allah and the angels, whereas the angels know full well that these people will be brought up ( as culprits ) " ( As-Saaffat: 158 )
" These people have made some of His servants to be part of Him.
The fact is that man is manifestly ungrateful.
" ( Az-Zukhruf: l 5 )
" Yet the people have set up the Jinn as partners with Allah, whereas He is their Creator; they have also invented for Him sons and daughters without having any knowledge, whereas He is absolutely free from and exalted far above the things they say.
He is the Originator of the heavens and the earth: how should He have a son, when He has no consort? He has created each and every thing. " ( AlAn'am: 100-102 )
" They say: the Merciful has offspring.
Glory be to Allah! They ( whom they describe as His offspring ) are His mere servants who have been honoured. " ( AI-Anbiya: 26 )
" They remarked: Allah has taken a son to himself.
Allah is AII-pure: He is Self Sufficient He is the Owner of everything that is in the heavens and the earth.
Have you any authority for what you say? What, do you ascribe to Allah that of which you have no knowledge? " ( Yunus: 68 )
" And ( O Prophet, ) say: praise is for Allah Who has begotten no son nor has any partner in His Kingdom nor is helpless to need any supporter. " ( Bani Isra'il:111 )
" Allah has no offspring, and there is no other deity as a partner with Him. " ( Al-Mu'minun: 91 )
In these verses the belief of the people who ascribe real ar adopted children to Allah, has been refuted from every aspect, and its being a false belief has also been proved by argument.
These and many other Qur'anic verses ou the same theme explain Surah Al-Ikhlas fully well.

 

Which was revealed in Makkah The Reason for the Revelation of this Surah and its Virtues Imam Ahmad recorded from Ubayy bin Ka`b that the idolators said to the Prophet , "O Muhammad! Tell us the lineage of your Lord." So Allah revealed بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful Similar was recorded by At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Jarir and they added in their narration that he said, الصَّمَدُ ( As-Samad ) is One Who does not give birth, nor was He born, because there is nothing that is born except that it will die, and there is nothing that dies except that it leaves behind inheritance, and indeed Allah does not die and He does not leave behind any inheritance. وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ ( And there is none comparable to Him. ) This means that there is none similar to Him, none equal to Him and there is nothing at all like Him." Ibn Abi Hatim also recorded it and At-Tirmidhi mentioned it as a Mursal narration.
Then At-Tirmidhi said, "And this is the most correct." A Hadith on its Virtues Al-Bukhari reported from `Amrah bint `Abdur-Rahman, who used to stay in the apartment of `A'ishah, the wife of the Prophet , that `A'ishah said, "The Prophet sent a man as the commander of a war expedition and he used to lead his companions in prayer with recitation ( of the Qur'an ).
And he would complete his recitation with the recitation of `Say: He is Allah, One.' So when they returned they mentioned that to the Prophet and he said, «سَلُوهُ لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ يَصْنَعُ ذَلِكَ؟» ( Ask him why does he do that. ) So they asked him and he said, `Because it is the description of Ar-Rahman and I love to recite it.
So the Prophet said, «أَخْبِرُوهُ أَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يُحِبُّه» ( Inform him that Allah the Most High loves him. )" This is how Al-Bukhari recorded this Hadith in his Book of Tawhid.
Muslim and An-Nasa'i also recorded it.
In his Book of Salah, Al-Bukhari recorded that Anas said, "A man from the Ansar used to lead the people in prayer in the Masjid of Quba'.
Whenever he began a Surah in the recitation of the prayer that he was leading them, he would start by reciting `Say: He is Allah, One' until he completed the entire Surah.
Then he would recite another Surah along with it ( after it ).
And used to do this in every Rak`ah.
So his companions spoke to him about this saying; `Verily, you begin the prayer with this Surah.
Then you think that it is not sufficient for you unless you recite another Surah as well.
So you should either recite it or leave it and recite another Surah instead.' The man replied, `I will not leave it off.
If you want me to continue leading you ( in prayer ), I will do this; and if you all do not like it, I will leave you ( i.e., I will stop leading you ).' They used to consider him to be of the best of them to lead them in prayer and they did not want anyone else to lead them other than him.
So, when the Prophet came they informed him of this information and he said, «يَا فُلَانُ، مَا يَمْنَعُكَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ مَا يَأْمُرُكَ بِهِ أَصْحَابُكَ، وَمَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى لُزُوم هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ؟» ( O so-and-so! What prevents you from doing what your companions are commanding you to do, and what makes you adhere to the recitation of this Surah in every Rak`ah ) The man said, `Verily, I love it.' The Prophet replied, «حُبُّكَ إِيَّاهَا أَدْخَلَكَ الْجَنَّة» ( Your love of it will cause you to enter Paradise. ) This was recorded by Al-Bukhari, with a disconnected chain, but in a manner indicating his approval. A Hadith that mentions this Surah is equivalent to a Third of the Qur'an Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Sa`id that a man heard another man reciting قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ( Say: "He is Allah, One." ) and he was repeating over and over.
So when morning came, the man went to the Prophet and mentioned that to him, and it was as though he was belittling it.
The Prophet said, «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ إِنَّهَا لَتَعْدِلُ ثُلُثَ الْقُرْآن» ( By He in Whose Hand is my soul, verily it is equivalent to a third of the Qur'an. ) Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i also recorded it.
Another Hadith Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Sa`id, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to his Companions, «أَيَعْجِزُ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ ثُلُثَ الْقُرْآنِ فِي لَيْلَةٍ» ( Is one of you not able to recite a third of the Qur'an in a single night ) This was something that was difficult for them and they said, "Which of us is able to do that, O Messenger of Allah" So he replied, «اللهُ الْوَاحِدُ الصَّمَدُ ثُلُثُ الْقُرْآن» ( "Allah is the One, As-Samad" is a third of the Qur'an. ) Al-Bukhari was alone in recording this Hadith. Another Hadith that its Recitation necessitates Admission into Paradise Imam Malik bin Anas recorded from `Ubayd bin Hunayn that he heard Abu Hurayrah saying, "I went out with the Prophet and he heard a man reciting `Say: He is Allah, the One.' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «وَجَبَت» ( It is obligatory. ) I asked, `What is obligatory' He replied, «الْجَنَّة» ( Paradise. )" At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i also recorded it by way of Malik, and At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih Gharib.
We do not know of it except as a narration of Malik." The Hadith in which the Prophet said, «حُبُّكَ إِيَّاهَا أَدْخَلَكَ الْجَنَّة» ( Your love of it will cause you to enter Paradise. ) has already been mentioned. A Hadith about repeating this Surah `Abdullah bin Imam Ahmad recorded from Mu`adh bin `Abdullah bin Khubayb, who reported that his father said, "We became thirsty and it had become dark while we were waiting for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to lead us in prayer.
Then, when he came out he took me by my hand and said, «قُل» ( Say. ) Then he was silent.
Then he said again, «قُل» ( Say. ) So I said, `What should I say' He said, قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ وَالْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ حِينَ تُمْسِي وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُ ثَلَاثًا، تَكْفِكَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مَرَّتَيْن» ( Say: "He is Allah, One," and the two Surahs of Refuge (Al-Falaq and An-Nas ) when you enter upon the evening and the morning three times ( each ).
They will be sufficient for you two times every day.)" This Hadith was also recorded by Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i.
At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih Gharib." An-Nasa'i also recorded through another chain of narrators with the wording, «يَكْفِكَ كُلَّ شَيْء» ( They will suffice you against everything. ) Another Hadith about supplicating with it by Allah's Names In his Book of Tafsir, An-Nasa'i recorded from `Abdullah bin Buraydah, who reported from his father that he entered the Masjid with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and there was a man praying and supplicating saying, "O Allah! Verily, I ask you by my testifying that there is no God worthy of worship except You.
You are the One, the Self-Sufficient Sustainer of all, Who does not give birth, nor were You born, and there is none comparable to Him." The Prophet said, «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَقَدْ سَأَلَهُ بِاسْمِهِ الْأَعْظَم، الَّذِي إِذَ A Hadith about seeking a Cure by these Surahs Al-Bukhari recorded from `A'ishah that whenever the Prophet would go to bed every night, he would put his palms together and blow into them.
Then he would recite into them ( his palms ), `Say: He is Allah, One', `Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of Al-Falaq', and `Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of mankind.' Then he would wipe whatever he was able to of his body with them ( his palms ).
He would begin wiping his head and face with them and the front part of his body.
He would do this ( wiping his body ) three times.
The Sunan compilers also recorded this same Hadith. بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ - اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ - لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ - وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ ( 1.
Say: "He is Allah, One." ) ( 2.
"Allah As-Samad." ) ( 3.
"He begets not, nor was He begotten." ) ( 4.
"And there is none comparable to Him." ) The reason for the revelation of this Surah has already been mentioned.
`Ikrimah said, "When the Jews said, `We worship `Uzayr, the son of Allah,' and the Christians said, `We worship the Messiah ( `Isa ), the son of Allah,' and the Zoroastrians said, `We worship the sun and the moon,' and the idolators said, `We worship idols,' Allah revealed to His Messenger , قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ( Say: "He is Allah, One." ) meaning, He is the One, the Singular, Who has no peer, no assistant, no rival, no equal and none comparable to Him.
This word ( Al-Ahad ) cannot be used for anyone in affirmation except Allah the Mighty and Majestic, because He is perfect in all of His attributes and actions.
Concerning His saying, اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ ( Allah As-Samad. ) `Ikrimah reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "This means the One Who all of the creation depends upon for their needs and their requests." `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn `Abbas, "He is the Master Who is perfect in His sovereignty, the Most Noble Who is perfect in His nobility, the Most Magnificent Who is perfect in His magnificence, the Most Forbearing Who is perfect in His forbearance, the All-Knowing Who is perfect in His knowledge, and the Most Wise Who is perfect in His wisdom.
He is the One Who is perfect in all aspects of nobility and authority.
He is Allah, glory be unto Him.
These attributes are not befitting anyone other than Him.
He has no coequal and nothing is like Him.
Glory be to Allah, the One, the Irresistible." Al-A`mash reported from Shaqiq, who said that Abu Wa'il said, الصَّمَدُ ( As-Samad. ) is the Master Whose control is complete." Allah is Above having Children and procreating Then Allah says, لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ - وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ ( He begets not, nor was He begotten.
And there is none comparable to Him. ) meaning, He does not have any child, parent or spouse.
Mujahid said, وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ ( And there is none comparable to Him. ) "This means He does not have a spouse." This is as Allah says, بَدِيعُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ أَنَّى يَكُونُ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَمْ تَكُنْ لَّهُ صَـحِبَةٌ وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ ( He is the Originator of the heavens and the earth.
How can He have children when He has no wife He created all things. ) ( 6:101 ) meaning, He owns everything and He created everything.
So how can He have a peer among His creatures who can be equal to Him, or a relative who can resemble Him Glorified, Exalted and far removed is Allah from such a thing.
Allah says, وَقَالُواْ اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمَـنُ وَلَداً - لَقَدْ جِئْتُمْ شَيْئاً إِدّاً - تَكَادُ السَّمَـوَتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِنْهُ وَتَنشَقُّ الاٌّرْضُ وَتَخِرُّ الْجِبَالُ هَدّاً - أَن دَعَوْا لِلرَّحْمَـنِ وَلَداً - وَمَا يَنبَغِى لِلرَّحْمَـنِ أَن يَتَّخِذَ وَلَداً - إِن كُلُّ مَن فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ إِلاَّ آتِى الرَّحْمَـنِ عَبْداً - لَّقَدْ أَحْصَـهُمْ وَعَدَّهُمْ عَدّاً - وَكُلُّهُمْ ءَاتِيهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ فَرْداً ( And they say: Ar-Rahman has begotten a son.
Indeed you have brought forth (said ) a terrible evil thing.
Whereby the heavens are almost torn, and the earth is split asunder, and the mountains fall in ruins, that they ascribe a son to Ar-Rahman.
But it is not suitable for Ar-Rahman that He should beget a son.
There is none in the heavens and the earth but comes unto Ar-Rahman as a slave.
Verily, He knows each one of them, and has counted them a full counting.
And all of them will come to Him alone on the Day of Resurrection.) ( 19:88-95 ) And Allah says, وَقَالُواْ اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمَـنُ وَلَداً سُبْحَانَهُ بَلْ عِبَادٌ مُّكْرَمُونَ - لاَ يَسْبِقُونَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ وَهُمْ بِأَمْرِهِ يَعْمَلُونَ ( And they say: "Ar-Rahman has begotten a son.
Glory to Him! They are but honored servants.
They speak not until He has spoken, and they act on His command. ) ( 21:26-27 ) Allah also says, وَجَعَلُواْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْجِنَّةِ نَسَباً وَلَقَدْ عَلِمَتِ الجِنَّةُ إِنَّهُمْ لَمُحْضَرُونَ سُبْحَـنَ اللَّهِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ- ( And they have invented a kinship between Him and the Jinn, but the Jinn know well that they have indeed to appear before Him.
Glorified is Allah! (He is free ) from what they attribute unto Him!) ( 37:158-159 ) In Sahih Al-Bukhari, it is recorded ( that that the Prophet said ), «لَا أَحَدَ أَصْبَرُ عَلَى أَذًى سَمِعَهُ مِنَ اللهِ، يَجْعَلُونَ لَهُ وَلَدًا، وَهُوَ يَرْزُقُهُمْ وَيُعَافِيهِم» ( There is no one more patient with something harmful that he hears than Allah.
They attribute a son to Him, while it is He Who gives them sustenance and cures them. ) Al-Bukhari also recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said, «قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: كَذَّبَنِي ابْنُ آدَمَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ ذَلِكَ، وَشَتَمَنِي وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَأَمَّا تَكْذِيبُهُ إِيَّايَ فَقَوْلُهُ: لَنْ يُعِيدَنِي كَمَا بَدَأَنِي، وَلَيْسَ أَوَّلُ الْخَلْقِ بِأَهْوَنَ عَلَيَّ مِنْ إِعَادَتِهِ، وَأَمَّا شَتْمُهُ إِيَّايَ فَقَوْلُهُ: اتَّخَذَ اللهُ وَلَدًا، وَأَنَا الْأَحَدُ الصَّمَدُ، لَمْ أَلِدْ وَلَمْ أُولَدْ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِي كُفُوًا أَحَد» ( Allah the Mighty and Majestic says, "The Son of Adam denies Me and he has no right to do so, and he abuses Me and he has no right to do so.
In reference to his denial of Me, it is his saying: `He (Allah ) will never re-create me like He created me before.' But the re-creation of him is easier than his original creation.
As for his cursing Me, it is his saying: `Allah has taken a son.' But I am the One, the Self-Sufficient Master.
I do not give birth, nor was I born, and there is none comparable to Me.") This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Ikhlas, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.

And it is also said that al-Samad means:( He begetteth not nor was begotten ) He says: He did not inherit and will not be inherited; and it is also said this means: He does not have a son who will inherit His dominion and He was not begotten, which means that He did not inherit His dominion.

"He begets not, nor was He begotten;

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