Surah Nisa ayat 33 Tafsir Quran 4:33

﴿وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ ۚ وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَآتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدًا﴾
[ النساء: 33]

4:33 And for all, We have made heirs to what is left by parents and relatives. And to those whom your oaths have bound [to you] - give them their share. Indeed Allah is ever, over all things, a Witness.

To each man and woman We have appointed heirs relations to be given of that property which parents and kinsmen leave for them and to those to whom your right hands aymān plural of yamīn meaning ‘oath’ or ‘hand’ were pledged read ‘āqadat or ‘aqadat that is those allies with whom before the coming of Islam you made covenants of mutual assitance and inheritance. So give them now their share their portions of the inheritance which is a sixth. God is ever Witness over everything ever aware of it including your circumstances this verse was abrogated by His words But those related by blood are nearer to one another Q. 875 and 336.

To all and each have We determined successors lawfully entitled to inherit what the parents and the kindred have left. But you must dutifully honour the pledges you vowed in the past to others in good will (heir presumptive, a slave released from bondage or a Muslim immigrant, whose right to the apportioned share of the heritage must not be defeated by a nearer heir), and keep in mind that Allah is Shahidun (a witness to all things)

وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِىَ ( And to everyone, We have appointed Mawali ) means, "Heirs." Ibn `Abbas was also reported to have said that Mawali refers to relatives.
Ibn Jarir commented, "The Arabs call the cousin a Mawla." Ibn Jarir continued, "Allah's statement, مِّمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَلِدَنِ وَالاٌّقْرَبُونَ ( of that (property ) left by parents and relatives.) means, from what he inherited from his parents and family members.
Therefore, the meaning of the Ayah becomes: `To all of you, O people, We appointed relatives ( such as children ) who will later inherit what you inherited from your own parents and relatives." Allah's statement, وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَـنُكُمْ فَـَاتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ ( To those also with whom you have made a pledge (brotherhood ), give them their due portion.) means, "Those with whom you have a pledge of brotherhood, give them their share of inheritance, thus fulfilling the ratified pledges that you gave them.
Allah has witnessed all of you when you gave these pledges and promises." This practice was followed in the beginning of Islam, but was later on abrogated when Muslims were commanded to fulfill the pledges ( brotherhood ) they had already given, but to refrain from making any new pledges after that.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِىَ ( And to everyone, We have appointed Mawali ) "meaning, heirs; وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَـنُكُمْ ( To those also with whom you have made a pledge (brotherhood )) When the emigrants came to Al-Madinah, the emigrant would inherit from the Ansari, while the latter's relatives would not inherit from him because of the bond of brotherhood which the Prophet established between them ( the emigrants and the Ansar ).
When the verse, وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِىَ ( And to everyone We have appointed Mawali ) was revealed, it cancelled ( the pledge of brotherhood regarding inheritance )." Then he said, "The verse, وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَـنُكُمْ فَـَاتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ ( To those also with whom you have made a pledge (brotherhood ), give them their due portion.) remained valid for cases of co-operation and mutual advice, while the matter of inheritance was excluded and it became permissible to assign something in one's will to the person who had the right of inheriting before."

(4:33) And to everyone We have appointed rightful heirs to what the parents and near of kin might leave behind. As to those with whom you have made a solemn covenant, give them their share. Allah watches over all things. *55

And for all, We have made heirs meaning

*55).
According to Arab customary law, those who concluded compacts of alliance and friendship also became mutual heirs.
Likewise, an adopted son inherited from his foster-father.
While abrogating this customary law, this verse reveals that inheritance goes to one's kin according to the rules for the distribution of inheritance laid down by God Himself.
However, if a man has made commitments to people, he has the right to give away to them whatever he wishes during his lifetime.

 

وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِىَ ( And to everyone, We have appointed Mawali ) means, "Heirs." Ibn `Abbas was also reported to have said that Mawali refers to relatives.
Ibn Jarir commented, "The Arabs call the cousin a Mawla." Ibn Jarir continued, "Allah's statement, مِّمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَلِدَنِ وَالاٌّقْرَبُونَ ( of that (property ) left by parents and relatives.) means, from what he inherited from his parents and family members.
Therefore, the meaning of the Ayah becomes: `To all of you, O people, We appointed relatives ( such as children ) who will later inherit what you inherited from your own parents and relatives." Allah's statement, وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَـنُكُمْ فَـَاتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ ( To those also with whom you have made a pledge (brotherhood ), give them their due portion.) means, "Those with whom you have a pledge of brotherhood, give them their share of inheritance, thus fulfilling the ratified pledges that you gave them.
Allah has witnessed all of you when you gave these pledges and promises." This practice was followed in the beginning of Islam, but was later on abrogated when Muslims were commanded to fulfill the pledges ( brotherhood ) they had already given, but to refrain from making any new pledges after that.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِىَ ( And to everyone, We have appointed Mawali ) "meaning, heirs; وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَـنُكُمْ ( To those also with whom you have made a pledge (brotherhood )) When the emigrants came to Al-Madinah, the emigrant would inherit from the Ansari, while the latter's relatives would not inherit from him because of the bond of brotherhood which the Prophet established between them ( the emigrants and the Ansar ).
When the verse, وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِىَ ( And to everyone We have appointed Mawali ) was revealed, it cancelled ( the pledge of brotherhood regarding inheritance )." Then he said, "The verse, وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَـنُكُمْ فَـَاتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ ( To those also with whom you have made a pledge (brotherhood ), give them their due portion.) remained valid for cases of co-operation and mutual advice, while the matter of inheritance was excluded and it became permissible to assign something in one's will to the person who had the right of inheriting before."

( And unto each ) He says: to each one of you ( We have appointed heirs ) so that they inherit ( of that which parents and near kindred leave ) of property; ( and as for those with whom your right hands have made a covenant ) your stipulation, ( give them their due ) give them their stipulation. But this is now abrogated. In the pre-Islamic era, they used to adopt men and youth and allocate for them a portion of their wealth, just as they would do with their own children. Allah abrogated such a practice. However, it is not abrogated if he gives them their portion from a third of his wealth. ( Lo! Allah is ever witness over ) Allah knows ( all things ) relating to your works.

And to everyone, We have appointed heirs of that (property) left by parents and relatives. To those also with whom you have made a pledge (brotherhood), give them their due portion (by Wasiya - wills, etc.). Truly, Allah is Ever a Witness over all things.

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