Surah Najm ayat 34 Tafsir Quran 53:34

﴿وَأَعْطَىٰ قَلِيلًا وَأَكْدَىٰ﴾
[ النجم: 34]

53:34 And gave a little and [then] refrained?

and gave a little of the stated sum of money and was then grudging? refrained from giving the remainder akdā derives from al-kudya earth that is hard as rock and which prevents the well-digger from digging through when he hits it.

And when he gives he gives a little, be it what confers somewhat to the need or comfort of others or rendering a service, or giving one his due, or imparting knowledge, or giving help in some way or another, and yet he stops short and gives grudgingly

Chastising Those Who disobey Allah and stop giving Charity Allah the Exalted chastises those who turn away from His obedience, فَلاَ صَدَّقَ وَلاَ صَلَّى - وَلَـكِن كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّى ( So he (the disbeliever ) neither believed nor prayed! But on the contrary, he belied and turned away!)( 75:31-32 ), وَأَعْطَى قَلِيلاً وَأَكْدَى ( And gave a little, then stopped ) Ibn `Abbas said, "Gave a little, then stopped giving." Similar was said by Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Ikrimah, Qatadah and several others.
`Ikrimah and Sa`id said: "Like the case of a people who dig a well, during the course of which they find a rock preventing them from completing their work.
So they say, `We are finished' and they abandon the work." Allah's statement, أَعِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ الْغَيْبِ فَهُوَ يَرَىٰ ( Is with him the knowledge of the Unseen so that he sees ) means, does this person, who stopped giving for fear of poverty and ended his acts of charity have knowledge of the Unseen and thus knows that if he does not stop giving, his wealth will go away No.
Such a person has stopped giving in charity for righteous causes and did not keep relations with kith and kin because of his miserliness, being stingy and out of fear of poverty.
The Prophet said in a Hadith,
«أَنْفِقْ بِلَالُ، وَلَا تَخْشَ مِنْ ذِي الْعَرْشِ إِقْلَالًا»
( O Bilal, spend and fear not less provisions from the Owner of the Thone. ) Allah the Exalted and Most honored said, وَمَآ أَنفَقْتُمْ مِّن شَىْءٍ فَهُوَ يُخْلِفُهُ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ ( And whatsoever you spend of anything (in Allah's cause ), He will replace it.
And He is the Best of providers.)( 34:39 ) The Meaning of `fulfilled Allah the Exalted said, أَمْ لَمْ يُنَبَّأْ بِمَا فِى صُحُفِ مُوسَى - وَإِبْرَهِيمَ الَّذِى وَفَّى ( Or is he not informed with what is in the Suhuf of Musa.
And of Ibrahim who fulfilled ), Sa`id bin Jubayr and Ath-Thawri said it means: "Conveyed all that he was ordered to convey." Ibn `Abbas said about: وَفَّى ( fulfilled ) "He delivered all that Allah ordered him to deliver." Sa`id bin Jubayr said about: وَفَّى ( fulfilled ), "What he was ordered." Qatadah said about: وَفَّى ( fulfilled ), "He obeyed Allah and delivered His Message to His creatures." This is the view preferred by Ibn Jarir because it includes the statement before it and supports it.
Allah said, وَإِذِ ابْتَلَى إِبْرَهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَـتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ قَالَ إِنِّى جَـعِلُكَ لِلنَّاسِ إِمَامًا ( And (remember ) when the Lord of Ibrahim tried him with ( certain ) commands, which he fulfilled.
He said: "Verily, I am going to make you an Imam ( a leader ) for mankind.")( 2:124 ) Therefore, Ibrahim fulfilled all the commands of his Lord, stayed away from all the prohibitions, and conveyed Allah's Message in its entirety.
Therefore, he is worthy of being made a leader for mankind in all of his affairs, statements and actions.
Allah the Exalted said, ثُمَّ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ أَنِ اتَّبِعْ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ( Then, We have sent the revelation to you (saying ): "Follow the religion of Ibrahim, a Hanif, and he was not of the idolators.")( 16:123 ) None shall carry the Burden of Any Other on the Day of Resurrection Allah the Exalted explained what He has revealed in the Scripture of Ibrahim and Musa, أَلاَّ تَزِرُ وَزِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى ( That no burdened person shall bear the burden of another. ) Meaning, every soul shall carry its own injustices, whether disbelief or sin, and none else shall carry its burden of sin, as Allah states وَإِن تَدْعُ مُثْقَلَةٌ إِلَى حِمْلِهَا لاَ يُحْمَلْ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى ( And if one heavily laden calls another to (bear ) his load, nothing of it will be lifted even though he be near of kin.)( 35:18 ) Allah said, وَأَن لَّيْسَ لِلإِنسَـنِ إِلاَّ مَا سَعَى ( And that man can have nothing but what he does. ) So just as no soul shall carry the burden of any other, the soul shall only benefit from the good that one earns for himself.
As for the Hadith recorded by Muslim in the Sahih, that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«إِذَا مَاتَ الْإِنْسَانُ انْقَطَعَ عَمَلُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ: مِنْ وَلَدٍ صَالِحٍ يَدْعُو لَهُ، أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ جَارِيَةٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، أَوْ عِلْمٍ يُنْتَفَعُ بِه»
( When a person dies, his deeds will cease except in three cases: from a righteous son who invokes Allah for him, or an ongoing charity after his death, or knowledge that people benefit from. ) These three things are, in reality, a result of one's own deeds, efforts and actions.
For example, a Hadith states,
«إِنَّ أَطْيَبَ مَا أَكَلَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ كَسْبِهِ، وَإِنَّ وَلَدَهُ مِنْ كَسْبِه»
( Verily, the best type of provision that one consumes is from what he himself has earned, and one's offspring are among what he has earned. ) The ongoing charity that one leaves behind, like an endowment, for example, are among the traces of his own actions and deeds.
Allah the Exalted said, إِنَّا نَحْنُ نُحْىِ الْمَوْتَى وَنَكْتُبُ مَاَ قَدَّمُواْ وَءَاثَارَهُمْ ( Verily, We give life to the dead, and We record that which they send before (them ) and their traces.)( 36:12 ) The knowledge that one spreads among people which they are guided by is among his actions and deeds.
A Hadith collected in the Sahih states,
«مَنْ دَعَا إِلَى هُدًى كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَجْرِ مِثْلُ أُجُورِ مَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ، مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ مِنْ أُجُورِهِمْ شَيْئًا»
( Whoever invites to guidance, he will earn as much reward as those who follow him, without decreasing anything out of their own rewards. ) Allah said, وَأَنَّ سَعْيَهُ سَوْفَ يُرَى ( And that his deeds will be seen. ) meaning, on the Day of Resurrection, وَقُلِ اعْمَلُواْ فَسَيَرَى اللَّهُ عَمَلَكُمْ وَرَسُولُهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَسَتُرَدُّونَ إِلَى عَـلِمِ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَـدَةِ فَيُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ ( And say: "Do deeds! Allah will see your deeds, and (so will ) His Messenger and the believers.
And you will be brought back to the All-Knower of the unseen and the seen.
Then He will inform you of what you used to do.")( 9:105 ), Then Allah will remind you of your actions and recompense you for them in the best manner, good for good and evil for evil.
Allah's statement here, ثُمَّ يُجْزَاهُ الْجَزَآءَ الأَوْفَى ( Then he will be recompensed with a full and the best recompense. )

(53:34) who gave a little, and then stopped? *34

And gave a little and [then] refrained? meaning

*34) The reference is to Walid bin Mughirah who was one of the prominent chiefs of the Quraish.
According to Ibn Jarir Tabari, this person had first become inclined to accept the invitation of the Holy Prophet ( upon whom be peace ), but when a polytheist friend of his came to know of his intention to become a Muslim, he counselled him not to give up his ancestral faith, and asked him that if he was afraid of the punishment of the Hereafter, he should pay him a certain amount of money and he would take the responsibility to suffer the punishment on his behalf.
Walid accepted the offer and turned away from Allah's way.
Then he paid only a little of the amount that he had promised to pay his polytheist friend and withheld the rest, The allusion to this incident was meant to toll the disbelievers of Makkah what kind of errors and follies they were involved in because of their heedlessness of the Hereafter and their ignorance of the Divine Religion.
"
 

Chastising Those Who disobey Allah and stop giving Charity Allah the Exalted chastises those who turn away from His obedience, فَلاَ صَدَّقَ وَلاَ صَلَّى - وَلَـكِن كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّى ( So he (the disbeliever ) neither believed nor prayed! But on the contrary, he belied and turned away!)( 75:31-32 ), وَأَعْطَى قَلِيلاً وَأَكْدَى ( And gave a little, then stopped ) Ibn `Abbas said, "Gave a little, then stopped giving." Similar was said by Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Ikrimah, Qatadah and several others.
`Ikrimah and Sa`id said: "Like the case of a people who dig a well, during the course of which they find a rock preventing them from completing their work.
So they say, `We are finished' and they abandon the work." Allah's statement, أَعِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ الْغَيْبِ فَهُوَ يَرَىٰ ( Is with him the knowledge of the Unseen so that he sees ) means, does this person, who stopped giving for fear of poverty and ended his acts of charity have knowledge of the Unseen and thus knows that if he does not stop giving, his wealth will go away No.
Such a person has stopped giving in charity for righteous causes and did not keep relations with kith and kin because of his miserliness, being stingy and out of fear of poverty.
The Prophet said in a Hadith, «أَنْفِقْ بِلَالُ، وَلَا تَخْشَ مِنْ ذِي الْعَرْشِ إِقْلَالًا» ( O Bilal, spend and fear not less provisions from the Owner of the Thone. ) Allah the Exalted and Most honored said, وَمَآ أَنفَقْتُمْ مِّن شَىْءٍ فَهُوَ يُخْلِفُهُ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ ( And whatsoever you spend of anything (in Allah's cause ), He will replace it.
And He is the Best of providers.)( 34:39 ) The Meaning of `fulfilled Allah the Exalted said, أَمْ لَمْ يُنَبَّأْ بِمَا فِى صُحُفِ مُوسَى - وَإِبْرَهِيمَ الَّذِى وَفَّى ( Or is he not informed with what is in the Suhuf of Musa.
And of Ibrahim who fulfilled ), Sa`id bin Jubayr and Ath-Thawri said it means: "Conveyed all that he was ordered to convey." Ibn `Abbas said about: وَفَّى ( fulfilled ) "He delivered all that Allah ordered him to deliver." Sa`id bin Jubayr said about: وَفَّى ( fulfilled ), "What he was ordered." Qatadah said about: وَفَّى ( fulfilled ), "He obeyed Allah and delivered His Message to His creatures." This is the view preferred by Ibn Jarir because it includes the statement before it and supports it.
Allah said, وَإِذِ ابْتَلَى إِبْرَهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَـتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ قَالَ إِنِّى جَـعِلُكَ لِلنَّاسِ إِمَامًا ( And (remember ) when the Lord of Ibrahim tried him with ( certain ) commands, which he fulfilled.
He said: "Verily, I am going to make you an Imam ( a leader ) for mankind.")( 2:124 ) Therefore, Ibrahim fulfilled all the commands of his Lord, stayed away from all the prohibitions, and conveyed Allah's Message in its entirety.
Therefore, he is worthy of being made a leader for mankind in all of his affairs, statements and actions.
Allah the Exalted said, ثُمَّ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ أَنِ اتَّبِعْ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ( Then, We have sent the revelation to you (saying ): "Follow the religion of Ibrahim, a Hanif, and he was not of the idolators.")( 16:123 ) None shall carry the Burden of Any Other on the Day of Resurrection Allah the Exalted explained what He has revealed in the Scripture of Ibrahim and Musa, أَلاَّ تَزِرُ وَزِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى ( That no burdened person shall bear the burden of another. ) Meaning, every soul shall carry its own injustices, whether disbelief or sin, and none else shall carry its burden of sin, as Allah states وَإِن تَدْعُ مُثْقَلَةٌ إِلَى حِمْلِهَا لاَ يُحْمَلْ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى ( And if one heavily laden calls another to (bear ) his load, nothing of it will be lifted even though he be near of kin.)( 35:18 ) Allah said, وَأَن لَّيْسَ لِلإِنسَـنِ إِلاَّ مَا سَعَى ( And that man can have nothing but what he does. ) So just as no soul shall carry the burden of any other, the soul shall only benefit from the good that one earns for himself.
As for the Hadith recorded by Muslim in the Sahih, that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «إِذَا مَاتَ الْإِنْسَانُ انْقَطَعَ عَمَلُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ: مِنْ وَلَدٍ صَالِحٍ يَدْعُو لَهُ، أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ جَارِيَةٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، أَوْ عِلْمٍ يُنْتَفَعُ بِه» ( When a person dies, his deeds will cease except in three cases: from a righteous son who invokes Allah for him, or an ongoing charity after his death, or knowledge that people benefit from. ) These three things are, in reality, a result of one's own deeds, efforts and actions.
For example, a Hadith states, «إِنَّ أَطْيَبَ مَا أَكَلَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ كَسْبِهِ، وَإِنَّ وَلَدَهُ مِنْ كَسْبِه» ( Verily, the best type of provision that one consumes is from what he himself has earned, and one's offspring are among what he has earned. ) The ongoing charity that one leaves behind, like an endowment, for example, are among the traces of his own actions and deeds.
Allah the Exalted said, إِنَّا نَحْنُ نُحْىِ الْمَوْتَى وَنَكْتُبُ مَاَ قَدَّمُواْ وَءَاثَارَهُمْ ( Verily, We give life to the dead, and We record that which they send before (them ) and their traces.)( 36:12 ) The knowledge that one spreads among people which they are guided by is among his actions and deeds.
A Hadith collected in the Sahih states, «مَنْ دَعَا إِلَى هُدًى كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَجْرِ مِثْلُ أُجُورِ مَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ، مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ مِنْ أُجُورِهِمْ شَيْئًا» ( Whoever invites to guidance, he will earn as much reward as those who follow him, without decreasing anything out of their own rewards. ) Allah said, وَأَنَّ سَعْيَهُ سَوْفَ يُرَى ( And that his deeds will be seen. ) meaning, on the Day of Resurrection, وَقُلِ اعْمَلُواْ فَسَيَرَى اللَّهُ عَمَلَكُمْ وَرَسُولُهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَسَتُرَدُّونَ إِلَى عَـلِمِ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَـدَةِ فَيُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ ( And say: "Do deeds! Allah will see your deeds, and (so will ) His Messenger and the believers.
And you will be brought back to the All-Knower of the unseen and the seen.
Then He will inform you of what you used to do.")( 9:105 ), Then Allah will remind you of your actions and recompense you for them in the best manner, good for good and evil for evil.
Allah's statement here, ثُمَّ يُجْزَاهُ الْجَزَآءَ الأَوْفَى ( Then he will be recompensed with a full and the best recompense. )

( And gave a little ) for the sake of Allah, ( then was grudging ) then stopped his spending and almsgiving in the way of Allah?

And gave a little, then stopped (giving)?

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