Surah Maidah ayat 51 Tafsir Quran 5:51

﴿۞ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَىٰ أَوْلِيَاءَ ۘ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ ۚ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُم مِّنكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ﴾
[ المائدة: 51]

5:51 O you who have believed, do not take the Jews and the Christians as allies. They are [in fact] allies of one another. And whoever is an ally to them among you - then indeed, he is [one] of them. Indeed, Allah guides not the wrongdoing people.

O you who believe do not take Jews and Christians as patrons affiliating with them or showing them affection; they are patrons of each other being united in disbelief. Whoever amongst you affiliates with them he is one of them counted with them. God does not guide the folk who do wrong by affiliating with disbelievers.

O you whose hearts have been touched with the divine hand: Do not take the Jews and the Christians -when warring against you- as intimate friends nor favour their tutelage; they both act in concert to set themselves as your antagonists, and their ill-will unites their thoughts. And he who favours their tutelage shall be counted as one of them; Allah does not guide the wrongful to His path of righteousness

The Prohibition of Taking the Jews, Christians and Enemies of Islamas Friends Allah forbids His believing servants from having Jews and Christians as friends, because they are the enemies of Islam and its people, may Allah curse them.
Allah then states that they are friends of each other and He gives a warning threat to those who do this, وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِّنكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ ( And if any among you befriends them, then surely he is one of them. ) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Umar ordered Abu Musa Al-Ash`ari to send him on one sheet of balance the count of what he took in and what he spent.
Abu Musa then had a Christian scribe, and he was able to comply with `Umar's demand.
`Umar liked what he saw and exclaimed, "This scribe is proficient.
Would you read in the Masjid a letter that came to us from Ash-Sham" Abu Musa said, `He cannot." `Umar said, "Is he not pure" Abu Musa said, "No, but he is Christian." Abu Musa said, "So `Umar admonished me and poked my thigh ( with his finger ), saying, `Drive him out ( from Al-Madinah ).' He then recited, يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ ( O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as friends... )" Then he reported that `Abdullah bin `Utbah said, "Let one of you beware that he might be a Jew or a Christian, while unaware." The narrator of this statement said, "We thought that he was referring to the Ayah, يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ ( O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as friends, )" Allah said, فَتَرَى الَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ ( And you see those in whose hearts there is a disease... ) A disease of doubt, hesitation and hypocrisy. يُسَـرِعُونَ فِيهِمْ ( they hurry to their friendship, ) meaning, they rush to offer them their friendship and allegiances in secret and in public, يَقُولُونَ نَخْشَى أَن تُصِيبَنَا دَآئِرَةٌ ( saying: "We fear lest some misfortune of a disaster may befall us." ) They thus offer this excuse for their friendship and allegiances to the disbelievers, saying that they fear that the disbelievers might defeat the Muslims, so they want to be in favor with the Jews and Christians, to use this favor for their benefit in that eventuality! Allah replied, فَعَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَأْتِىَ بِالْفَتْحِ ( Perhaps Allah may bring a victory... ) referring to the conquering of Makkah, according to As-Suddi. أَوْ أَمْرٍ مِّنْ عِندِهِ ( or a decision according to His will ) requiring the Jews and Christians to pay the Jizyah, as As-Suddi stated, فَيُصْبِحُواْ ( Then they will become ) meaning, the hypocrites who gave their friendship to the Jews and Christians, will become, عَلَى مَآ أَسَرُّواْ فِى أَنفُسِهِمْ ( for what they have been keeping as a secret in themselves ) of allegiances, نَـدِمِينَ ( regretful, ) for their friendship with the Jews and Christians which did not benefit them or protect them from any harm.
Rather, it was nothing but harm, as Allah exposed their true reality to His faithful servants in this life, although they tried to conceal it.
When the signs that exposed their hypocrisy were compiled against them, their matter became clear to Allah's faithful servants.
So the believers were amazed at these hypocrites who pretended to be believers, swearing to their faithfulness, yet their claims were all lies and deceit.
This is why Allah said, s وَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ أَهُـؤُلاءِ الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمُواْ بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَـنِهِمْ إِنَّهُمْ لَمَعَكُمْ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَـلُهُمْ فَأَصْبَحُواْ خَـسِرِينَ ( And those who believe will say, "Are these the men who swore their strongest oaths by Allah that they were with you" All that they did has been in vain, and they have become the losers. )

The Prohibition of Taking the Jews, Christians and Enemies of Islamas Friends Allah forbids His believing servants from having Jews and Christians as friends, because they are the enemies of Islam and its people, may Allah curse them.
Allah then states that they are friends of each other and He gives a warning threat to those who do this, وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِّنكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ ( And if any among you befriends them, then surely he is one of them. ) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Umar ordered Abu Musa Al-Ash`ari to send him on one sheet of balance the count of what he took in and what he spent.
Abu Musa then had a Christian scribe, and he was able to comply with `Umar's demand.
`Umar liked what he saw and exclaimed, "This scribe is proficient.
Would you read in the Masjid a letter that came to us from Ash-Sham" Abu Musa said, `He cannot." `Umar said, "Is he not pure" Abu Musa said, "No, but he is Christian." Abu Musa said, "So `Umar admonished me and poked my thigh ( with his finger ), saying, `Drive him out ( from Al-Madinah ).' He then recited, يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ ( O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as friends... )" Then he reported that `Abdullah bin `Utbah said, "Let one of you beware that he might be a Jew or a Christian, while unaware." The narrator of this statement said, "We thought that he was referring to the Ayah, يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ ( O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as friends, )" Allah said, فَتَرَى الَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ ( And you see those in whose hearts there is a disease... ) A disease of doubt, hesitation and hypocrisy. يُسَـرِعُونَ فِيهِمْ ( they hurry to their friendship, ) meaning, they rush to offer them their friendship and allegiances in secret and in public, يَقُولُونَ نَخْشَى أَن تُصِيبَنَا دَآئِرَةٌ ( saying: "We fear lest some misfortune of a disaster may befall us." ) They thus offer this excuse for their friendship and allegiances to the disbelievers, saying that they fear that the disbelievers might defeat the Muslims, so they want to be in favor with the Jews and Christians, to use this favor for their benefit in that eventuality! Allah replied, فَعَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَأْتِىَ بِالْفَتْحِ ( Perhaps Allah may bring a victory... ) referring to the conquering of Makkah, according to As-Suddi. أَوْ أَمْرٍ مِّنْ عِندِهِ ( or a decision according to His will ) requiring the Jews and Christians to pay the Jizyah, as As-Suddi stated, فَيُصْبِحُواْ ( Then they will become ) meaning, the hypocrites who gave their friendship to the Jews and Christians, will become, عَلَى مَآ أَسَرُّواْ فِى أَنفُسِهِمْ ( for what they have been keeping as a secret in themselves ) of allegiances, نَـدِمِينَ ( regretful, ) for their friendship with the Jews and Christians which did not benefit them or protect them from any harm.
Rather, it was nothing but harm, as Allah exposed their true reality to His faithful servants in this life, although they tried to conceal it.
When the signs that exposed their hypocrisy were compiled against them, their matter became clear to Allah's faithful servants.
So the believers were amazed at these hypocrites who pretended to be believers, swearing to their faithfulness, yet their claims were all lies and deceit.
This is why Allah said, s وَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ أَهُـؤُلاءِ الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمُواْ بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَـنِهِمْ إِنَّهُمْ لَمَعَكُمْ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَـلُهُمْ فَأَصْبَحُواْ خَـسِرِينَ ( And those who believe will say, "Are these the men who swore their strongest oaths by Allah that they were with you" All that they did has been in vain, and they have become the losers. )

( O ye who believe! ) in Muhammad and the Qur’an. ( Take not the Jews and Christians for friends ) seeking their assistance and help. ( They are friends one to another ) He says: some are followers of the religion of others in secret and in the open, just as they are friends of each other. ( He among you ) O group of believers ( who taketh them for friends ) seeking their assistance and help ( is (one ) of them) in alliance and is not included in Allah’s protection and safety. ( Lo! Allah guideth not ) to His religion and proof ( wrong-doing folk ) the Jews and Christians.

O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as Auliya' (friends, protectors, helpers, etc.), they are but Auliya' to one another. And if any amongst you takes them as Auliya', then surely he is one of them. Verily, Allah guides not those people who are the Zalimun (polytheists and wrong-doers and unjust).

Page 117 English transliteration