Surah shura ayat 6 Tafsir Quran 42:6

﴿وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مِن دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ اللَّهُ حَفِيظٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَا أَنتَ عَلَيْهِم بِوَكِيلٍ﴾
[ الشورى: 6]

42:6 And those who take as allies other than Him - Allah is [yet] Guardian over them; and you, [O Muhammad], are not over them a manager.

And those who have taken besides Him namely idols as guardians God is watchful over them He keeps count of their deeds that He may requite them; and you are not a guardian over them in order to secure what is demanded of them your duty is only to deliver the Message.

And those who chose to be under the tutelage of others besides Allah, shall He keep them in view. He watches over innocence and folly. You Muhammad are not entrusted to their care nor are you responsible for their ordinary pursuits of life

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Revelation and Allah's Might We have previously discussed the individual letters. كَذَلِكَ يُوحِى إِلَيْكَ وَإِلَى الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكَ اللَّهُ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ ( Likewise Allah, the Almighty, the All-Wise sends revelation to you as to those before you. ) means, `just as this Qur'an has been revealed to you, so too the Books and Scriptures were revealed to the Prophets who came before you.' اللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ ( Allah, the Almighty ) means, in His vengeance الْحَكِيمُ ( the All-Wise ) means, in all that He says and does.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, narrated that `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "Al-Harith bin Hisham asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , `O Messenger of Allah, how does the revelation come to you' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ  said:
«أَحْيَانًا يَأْتِينِي مِثْلَ صَلْصَلَةِ الْجَرَسِ، وَهُوَ أَشَدُّهُ عَلَيَّ فَيَفْصِمُ عَنِّي وَقَدْ وَعَيْتُ مَا قَالَ، وَأَحْيَانًا يَأْتِينِي الْمَلَكُ رَجُلًا فَيُكَلِّمُنِي فَأَعِي مَا يَقُول»
( Sometimes it comes to me like the ringing of a bell, which is the most difficult for me; then it goes away, and I understand what was said.
And sometimes the angel comes to me in the image of a man, and he speaks to me and I understand what he says. )" `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "I saw him receiving the revelation on a very cold day, and when it departed from him, there were beads of sweat on his forehead." It was also reported in the Two Sahihs, and the version quoted here is that recorded by Al-Bukhari. لَهُ مَا فِى السَّمَـوَت وَمَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ ( To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth, ) means, everything is subject to His dominion and control. وَهُوَ الْعَلِىُّ الْعَظِيمُ ( and He is the Most High, the Most Great. ) This is like the Ayat: الْكَبِيرُ الْمُتَعَالِ ( the Most Great, the Most High ) ( 13:9 ), and وَهُوَ الْعَلِىُّ الْكَبِيرُ ( He is the Most High, the Most Great ) ( 22:62 ).
And there are many similar Ayat. تَكَادُ السَّمَـوَتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِن فَوْقِهِنَّ ( Nearly the heavens might be rent asunder from above them, ) Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, Ad-Dahhak, Qatadah, As-Suddi and Ka`b Al-Ahbar said, "Out of fear of His might." وَالْمَلَـئِكَةُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِمَن فِى الاٌّرْضِ ( and the angels glorify the praises of their Lord, and ask for forgiveness for those on the earth. ) This is like the Ayah: الَّذِينَ يَحْمِلُونَ الْعَرْشَ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ رَبَّنَا وَسِعْتَ كُـلَّ شَىْءٍ رَّحْمَةً وَعِلْماً ( Those who bear the Throne and those around it glorify the praises of their Lord, and believe in Him, and ask forgiveness for those who believe (saying ): "Our Lord! You comprehend all things in mercy and knowledge,") ( 40:7 ) أَلاَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ ( Lo! Verily, Allah is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Merciful. ) This is a reminder, to take heed of this fact. وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُواْ مِن دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَآءَ ( And as for those who take as protecting friends others besides Him ) This refers to the idolators, اللَّهُ حَفِيظٌ عَلَيْهِمْ ( Allah is Hafiz over them. ) meaning, He is Witness to their deeds, recording and enumerating them precisely, and He will requite them for them in full. وَمَآ أَنتَ عَلَيْهِم بِوَكِيلٍ ( and you are not a trustee over them. ) meaning, `you are just a warner, and Allah is the Trustee of all affairs.'

(42:6) Those who have taken others than Him as their protectors beside Him, *6 it is Allah Who oversees them; you are no guardian over them. *7

And those who take as allies other meaning

*6) The word auliya ( sing.
wall ) as used in the Text is very comprehensive in meaning.
The different beliefs and all sorts of diverse practices with regard to the false deities held and worshipped by the polytheistic people, have been described as " taking others as auliya' ( guardians ) instead of Allah " in the Qur'an.
According to the Qur'an, a person takes such a one his wati: ( 1 ) whom he obeys in all matters, whose instructions he carries out and Whose ways and customs and rules he follows in all affairs of life ( An-Nisa: 118-120; ALA'raf: 3, 27-30 ); ( 2 ) in whose guidance he has full faith, and who he thinks will lead him aright and save him from error and deviation ( Al-Baqarah: 257, Bani Isra'il: 97, Al-Kahf: 17-50, AI-Jathiah: 19 ); ( 3 ) about whom he trusts he will protect him from the torment of God in the Hereafter if it really existed ( An Nisa: 123, 173; Al-An'am: 51, Ar-Ra'd: 37, AI-'Ankabut: 22, AI-Ahzab: 65, Az-Zumar: 3 ); ( 4 ) about whom he has the belief that he helps him in the world in supernatural ways, protects him from disaster and afflictions, gets him jobs, blesses him with children, and fulfils his desires and aII other needs.
( Hud: 20, Ar-Ra'd: 16, Al-`Ankabut: 4l ).

At some places in the Qur'an the word wati has been used in one of these senses and at hers in all its meanings.
The verse being commented upon is one of such verses.
In it, taking others as guardians instead of Allah implies regarding them as one's patron and supporter and helper in all the four about-mentioned meanings.

*7) " Allah is watching them ": Allah sees whatever they arc doing and is recording their conduct.
It is His responsibility to call them to account and punish them.
As for the words " You are not responsible for their conduct ", these have been addressed to the Holy Prophet.
They mean: " Their destiny has not been placed under yow control so that you may burn to ashes anyone who does not listen to you, or depose him from power, or annihilate him. " This, however, dces not mean that, God forbid, the Holy Prophet regarded himself as such, and this was said in order to remove his misunderstanding or self-conceit, but this was meant for the disbelievers.
Although apparently the Holy Prophet himself is the addressee, the real object is to tell the disbelievers that the Prophet of Allah has made no such claims as were usually made by their so-called saints who posed to possess great spiritual powers.
Among the ignorant people it is generally thought that the so-called " holy men " have the power to ruin the destiny of anyone who behaves insolently towards them in any way; so much so that even after their death if somebody happened to dishonor their grave, or if nothing else, only nursed an evil thought about them in his mind, they destroyed him completely.
Such a thought is in most casts spread by the " holy men " themselves.
As for the good men who do not themselves say any such thing, their names are exploited by some other clever people, who spread such thoughts about them in order to promote their business.
In any case this is regarded as a necessary corollary of spirituality and piety among the common people that one should possess the powers of making and marring destinies.
To destroy the spell of this same fraud, Allah is addressing His Holy Messenger, as if to tell the disbelievers: " You are no doubt Our Messenger and We have blessed you with Our Revelations, but yow duty is only to guide the people to the Right Path.
Their destinies have not boon placed under yow control; they arc in Our hand; therefore, to watch over the deeds and acts of the servants and to punish or not to punish them is Our own responsibility. "
 

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Revelation and Allah's Might We have previously discussed the individual letters. كَذَلِكَ يُوحِى إِلَيْكَ وَإِلَى الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكَ اللَّهُ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ ( Likewise Allah, the Almighty, the All-Wise sends revelation to you as to those before you. ) means, `just as this Qur'an has been revealed to you, so too the Books and Scriptures were revealed to the Prophets who came before you.' اللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ ( Allah, the Almighty ) means, in His vengeance الْحَكِيمُ ( the All-Wise ) means, in all that He says and does.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, narrated that `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "Al-Harith bin Hisham asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , `O Messenger of Allah, how does the revelation come to you' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ  said: «أَحْيَانًا يَأْتِينِي مِثْلَ صَلْصَلَةِ الْجَرَسِ، وَهُوَ أَشَدُّهُ عَلَيَّ فَيَفْصِمُ عَنِّي وَقَدْ وَعَيْتُ مَا قَالَ، وَأَحْيَانًا يَأْتِينِي الْمَلَكُ رَجُلًا فَيُكَلِّمُنِي فَأَعِي مَا يَقُول» ( Sometimes it comes to me like the ringing of a bell, which is the most difficult for me; then it goes away, and I understand what was said.
And sometimes the angel comes to me in the image of a man, and he speaks to me and I understand what he says. )" `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "I saw him receiving the revelation on a very cold day, and when it departed from him, there were beads of sweat on his forehead." It was also reported in the Two Sahihs, and the version quoted here is that recorded by Al-Bukhari. لَهُ مَا فِى السَّمَـوَت وَمَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ ( To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth, ) means, everything is subject to His dominion and control. وَهُوَ الْعَلِىُّ الْعَظِيمُ ( and He is the Most High, the Most Great. ) This is like the Ayat: الْكَبِيرُ الْمُتَعَالِ ( the Most Great, the Most High ) ( 13:9 ), and وَهُوَ الْعَلِىُّ الْكَبِيرُ ( He is the Most High, the Most Great ) ( 22:62 ).
And there are many similar Ayat. تَكَادُ السَّمَـوَتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِن فَوْقِهِنَّ ( Nearly the heavens might be rent asunder from above them, ) Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, Ad-Dahhak, Qatadah, As-Suddi and Ka`b Al-Ahbar said, "Out of fear of His might." وَالْمَلَـئِكَةُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِمَن فِى الاٌّرْضِ ( and the angels glorify the praises of their Lord, and ask for forgiveness for those on the earth. ) This is like the Ayah: الَّذِينَ يَحْمِلُونَ الْعَرْشَ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ رَبَّنَا وَسِعْتَ كُـلَّ شَىْءٍ رَّحْمَةً وَعِلْماً ( Those who bear the Throne and those around it glorify the praises of their Lord, and believe in Him, and ask forgiveness for those who believe (saying ): "Our Lord! You comprehend all things in mercy and knowledge,") ( 40:7 ) أَلاَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ ( Lo! Verily, Allah is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Merciful. ) This is a reminder, to take heed of this fact. وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُواْ مِن دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَآءَ ( And as for those who take as protecting friends others besides Him ) This refers to the idolators, اللَّهُ حَفِيظٌ عَلَيْهِمْ ( Allah is Hafiz over them. ) meaning, He is Witness to their deeds, recording and enumerating them precisely, and He will requite them for them in full. وَمَآ أَنتَ عَلَيْهِم بِوَكِيلٍ ( and you are not a trustee over them. ) meaning, `you are just a warner, and Allah is the Trustee of all affairs.'

( And as for those who choose ) worship ( protecting friends ) deities from among the idols ( beside Him ) beside Allah, ( Allah is Warden over them ) Allah is Witness of them and of their works, ( and thou art in nowise a guardian over them ) you are not responsible for them such that you are taken to task on their account. Later, the Prophet ( pbuh ) was commanded to fight them.

And as for those who take as Auliya' (guardians, supporters, helpers, protectors, etc.) others besides Him [i.e. they take false deities other than Allah (as) protectors, and they worship them] Allah is Hafiz (Protector) over them (i.e. takes care of their deeds and will recompense them), and you (O Muhammad SAW) are not a Wakil (guardian or a disposer of their affairs) over them (to protect their deeds, etc.).

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