Surah Anbiya ayat 73 Tafsir Quran 21:73

﴿وَجَعَلْنَاهُمْ أَئِمَّةً يَهْدُونَ بِأَمْرِنَا وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ فِعْلَ الْخَيْرَاتِ وَإِقَامَ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءَ الزَّكَاةِ ۖ وَكَانُوا لَنَا عَابِدِينَ﴾
[ الأنبياء: 73]

21:73 And We made them leaders guiding by Our command. And We inspired to them the doing of good deeds, establishment of prayer, and giving of zakah; and they were worshippers of Us.

And We made them leaders read a-immatan pronouncing both hamzas or substituting the second one with a yā’ whose example of good conduct is followed guiding people by Our command to Our religion and We inspired in them the performance of good deeds and the maintenance of prayers and the payment of alms that is We inspired that these good deeds be performed prayers be maintained and alms be payed by them and by their followers the final hā’ of iqāma has been omitted to soften the reading and they used to worship Us.

And We made them leaders of faith guiding people into all truth as We willed and We inspired to them the deeds of wisdom and piety and the act of worship and alms giving. They were exclusively devoted to serving Our purpose and they worshipped Us alone

The Migration of Ibrahim to Ash-Sham ( Greater Syria ), accompanied by Lut Allah tells us that He saved Ibrahim from the fire lit by his people, and brought him out from among them, migrating to the land of Ash-Sham, to the sacred regions thereof. وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَـقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ نَافِلَةً ( And We bestowed upon him Ishaq, and Ya`qub Nafilatan. ) `Ata' and Mujahid said, "Nafilatan means as a gift." Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah and Al-Hakam bin `Uyaynah said, "The gift of a son who has a son," meaning that Ya`qub was the son of Ishaq, as Allah says: فَبَشَّرْنَـهَا بِإِسْحَـقَ وَمِن وَرَآءِ إِسْحَـقَ يَعْقُوبَ ( But We gave her glad tidings of Ishaq, and after Ishaq, of Ya`qub ) 11:71.
`Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "He asked for one son, and said, رَبِّ هَبْ لِى مِنَ الصَّـلِحِينِ ( "My Lord! Grant me from the righteous." ) So Allah gave him Ishaq, and gave him Ya`qub in addition. وَكُلاًّ جَعَلْنَا صَـلِحِينَ ( Each one We made righteous.
) means, both of them were good and righteous people. وَجَعَلْنَاهُمْ أَئِمَّةً ( And We made them leaders, ) means, examples to be followed. يَهْدُونَ بِأَمْرِنَا ( guiding by Our command, ) inviting to Him by His leave.
Allah says: وَأَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْهِمْ فِعْلَ الْخَيْرَتِ وَإِقَامَ الصَّلوة وَإِيتَآءَ الزَّكَـوةِ ( and We revealed to them the doing of good deeds, performing Salah, and the giving of Zakah, ) Here the general is followed by the specific. وَكَانُواْ لَنَا عَـبِدِينَ ( and of Us (Alone ) they were the worshippers.) means, they did what they enjoined others to do. The Prophet Lut Then Allah mentions Lut, whose full name was Lut bin Haran bin Azar.
He believed in Ibrahim and followed him, and migrated with him, as Allah says: فَـَامَنَ لَهُ لُوطٌ وَقَالَ إِنِّى مُهَاجِرٌ إِلَى رَبِّى ( So Lut believed in him.
He (Ibrahim ) said: "I will emigrate for the sake of my Lord") 29:26.
Allah gave him wisdom and knowledge; He sent Revelation to him, made him a Prophet and appointed him to Sadum ( Sodom ) and its vicinity, but they rejected him and resisted him, so Allah utterly destroyed them, as He tells us in several places in His Book.
Allah says; وَلُوطاً آتَيْنَـهُ حُكْماً وَعِلْماً وَنَجَّيْنَـهُ مِنَ الْقَرْيَةِ الَّتِى كَانَت تَّعْمَلُ الْخَبَـئِثَ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ قَوْمَ سَوْءٍ فَـسِقِينَ - وَأَدْخَلْنَـهُ فِى رَحْمَتِنَآ إِنَّهُ مِنَ الصَّـلِحِينَ ( and We saved him from the town who practised Al-Khaba'ith.
Verily, they were a people given to evil, and were rebellious.
And We admitted him to Our mercy; truly, he was of the righteous. )

(21:73) We appointed them leaders who guided others by Our Command. We also enjoined them by Revelation to do righteous deeds and establish Salat and pay Zakat dues, and they all worshipped Us. *66

And We made them leaders guiding by meaning

*66) This important event of the life of Prophet Abraham has found no mention whatever in the Bible.
In fact nothing about his life in `Iraq -his conflict with Nimrod, his father and the community at large, his efforts to eradicate idolatry, the incident of his being cast into the fire, which ultimately led to his forced exile from the country-is mentioned anywhere in the Bible.
The Bible merely mentions his migration, and that too, in a manner as if a family was migrating from one country to another in search of livelihood.
There is another interesting difference between the Qur'an and the Bible.
According to the Qur'an, the father of Abraham, who was a mushrik, was foremost in tyrannizing over his son, but the Bible gives a different account, which is as follows:
" Now these are the generations of Terah: Terah begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and Haran begat Lot.
And Haran died before his father Terah in the land of his nativity, in Ur of the Chaldees.
And Abram and Nahor took them wives: the name of Abram's wife was Sarai; and the name of Nahor's wife, Milcah the daughter of Haran, the father of Milcah, and the father of Iscah.
But Sarai was barren; she had no child.
And Terah took Abram 'his son, and Lot the son of Haran his son's son, and Sarai his daughter in law, his son Abram's wife; and they went forth with them from Ur of the Chaldees, to go into the land of Canaan; and they came unto Haran, and settled there.
And the days of Terah were two hundred and five years: and Terah died in Haran. " ( Gen.
11:27-32 ).

" Now the Lord had said unto Abram, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father's house, unto a land that I will shew thee: And I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy name great; and thou shalt be a blessing: And 1 will bless them that bless thee, and curse him that curseth thee and in thee shall all families of the earth be blessed. " ( Gen.
12: 1-3 ).

The Talmud, however, gives quite a few details about the life of Prophet Abraham about the period of his stay in `Iraq, which are generally the same as given in the Qur'an, but there is a glaring discrepancy in some of the important events.
In fact, one can clearly feel that the account given in the Talmud is full of heterogeneous and hypothetical things while the one given in the Qur'an is most clear and contains nothing unworthy of Prophet Abraham.
We reproduce below the account as given in the Talmud so that the reader may know the difference between the Quranic and Jewish versions.
This will also remove the misunderstanding of those who think that the Qur'an has borrowed stories from the Bible or Jewish literature.

According to the Talmud, " The wise men saw a large star in the sky on the night Abram was born and they advised Nimrod to kill the child born in the house of Terah.
The King decided to kill the child but Terah hid his child and had a servant's son killed in exchange.
Terah thereupon hid his wife and child in a cave where they lived for ten years.
In the 11th year Abram was taken by Terah to Noah, where he lived under the guidance of Noah and his son Shem for 39 years.
During the same period Abram married his niece Sarai, who was 42 years his junior.
( The Bible does not mention that Sarai was the niece of Abram; moreover, the difference in their ages is mentioned as ten years ).
( Gen.
11: 29, 17: 17 ).

The Talmud then says, "Abram left Noah at the age of 50 and came back to his father.
Here he found that his father was an idolatry and had twelve idols in the house according to the twelve months of the year.
He tried to preach to his father against idolatry but when the latter did not listen to him, Abram one day broke all the idols in the house.
Seeing this Terah went straight to Nimrod and complained that the son who was born in his house 50 years ago had misbehaved and broken the idols.
He wanted the King's verdict on this.
Nimrod sununoned Abram for interrogation, but the replies given by Abram were straight, terse and clear.
Nimrod sent him to jail and then referred the matter to the Council for a decision.
The Council decided that Abram should be burnt to death.
A fire was accordingly prepared and Abram was cast into it.
His brother and father-in-law Haran was also similarly cast into the fire.
Haran was punished because Nimrod enquired of Terah as to why he had another child killed in place of Abram when he wanted to kill Abram on the day of his birth.
Terah replied that this was done at the instigation of Haran.
Nimrod accordingly let off Terah but threw Haran into the fire along with Abram.
Haran was burnt to death instantly but people saw that Abram was walking unhurt through the flames.
When Nimrod was informed of it, he witnessed it with his own eyes and cried out: `O man of the God of Heaven, come out of the fire and stand before me'.
Thereupon, Abram came out and Nimrod became one of his .believers and gave him many costly presents.
After this, according to the Talmud, Abram stayed in `Iraq for two more years when Nimrod saw a dreadful dream and the astrologers told him that the destruction of his empire .would come through Abram and that he should, therefore, put him to death.
Nimrod sent people to kill Abram but Abram came to know of the plot before-hand through Eleazar, a slave presented to him by Nimrod himself.
Abram accordingly fled and took refuge with Noah where Terah also met him off and on secretly.
The father and the son at last decided to leave the country and Noah and his son Shem also approved of their plan.
Accordingly, Terah along with his son Abram and his grandson Lot and his grand-daughter and son's wife Sarai, left U: and went to Haran." ( H.
Polano: The Talmud Selections, London, pp.
30-42 ).

Can a reasonable person after reading this account of the Talmud ever imagine that this could be a source book for the story as given in the Qur'an ?
 

The Migration of Ibrahim to Ash-Sham ( Greater Syria ), accompanied by Lut Allah tells us that He saved Ibrahim from the fire lit by his people, and brought him out from among them, migrating to the land of Ash-Sham, to the sacred regions thereof. وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَـقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ نَافِلَةً ( And We bestowed upon him Ishaq, and Ya`qub Nafilatan. ) `Ata' and Mujahid said, "Nafilatan means as a gift." Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah and Al-Hakam bin `Uyaynah said, "The gift of a son who has a son," meaning that Ya`qub was the son of Ishaq, as Allah says: فَبَشَّرْنَـهَا بِإِسْحَـقَ وَمِن وَرَآءِ إِسْحَـقَ يَعْقُوبَ ( But We gave her glad tidings of Ishaq, and after Ishaq, of Ya`qub ) 11:71.
`Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "He asked for one son, and said, رَبِّ هَبْ لِى مِنَ الصَّـلِحِينِ ( "My Lord! Grant me from the righteous." ) So Allah gave him Ishaq, and gave him Ya`qub in addition. وَكُلاًّ جَعَلْنَا صَـلِحِينَ ( Each one We made righteous.
) means, both of them were good and righteous people. وَجَعَلْنَاهُمْ أَئِمَّةً ( And We made them leaders, ) means, examples to be followed. يَهْدُونَ بِأَمْرِنَا ( guiding by Our command, ) inviting to Him by His leave.
Allah says: وَأَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْهِمْ فِعْلَ الْخَيْرَتِ وَإِقَامَ الصَّلوة وَإِيتَآءَ الزَّكَـوةِ ( and We revealed to them the doing of good deeds, performing Salah, and the giving of Zakah, ) Here the general is followed by the specific. وَكَانُواْ لَنَا عَـبِدِينَ ( and of Us (Alone ) they were the worshippers.) means, they did what they enjoined others to do. The Prophet Lut Then Allah mentions Lut, whose full name was Lut bin Haran bin Azar.
He believed in Ibrahim and followed him, and migrated with him, as Allah says: فَـَامَنَ لَهُ لُوطٌ وَقَالَ إِنِّى مُهَاجِرٌ إِلَى رَبِّى ( So Lut believed in him.
He (Ibrahim ) said: "I will emigrate for the sake of my Lord") 29:26.
Allah gave him wisdom and knowledge; He sent Revelation to him, made him a Prophet and appointed him to Sadum ( Sodom ) and its vicinity, but they rejected him and resisted him, so Allah utterly destroyed them, as He tells us in several places in His Book.
Allah says; وَلُوطاً آتَيْنَـهُ حُكْماً وَعِلْماً وَنَجَّيْنَـهُ مِنَ الْقَرْيَةِ الَّتِى كَانَت تَّعْمَلُ الْخَبَـئِثَ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ قَوْمَ سَوْءٍ فَـسِقِينَ - وَأَدْخَلْنَـهُ فِى رَحْمَتِنَآ إِنَّهُ مِنَ الصَّـلِحِينَ ( and We saved him from the town who practised Al-Khaba'ith.
Verily, they were a people given to evil, and were rebellious.
And We admitted him to Our mercy; truly, he was of the righteous. )

( And We made them chiefs ) leaders of goodness ( who guide by Our command ) who call people by Our command, ( and We inspired in them the doing of good deeds ) and it is said that these good deeds relate to inviting people to profess Allah’s divine Oneness ( and the right establishment of worship ) the fulfilment of the prayers ( and the giving of alms and they were worshippers of Us (alone )) and they were obedient to Us.

And We made them leaders, guiding (mankind) by Our Command, and We inspired in them the doing of good deeds, performing Salat (Iqamat-as-Salat), and the giving of Zakat and of Us (Alone) they were worshippers.

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