Surah Najm ayat 1 Tafsir Quran 53:1

﴿وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَىٰ﴾
[ النجم: 1]

53:1 By the star when it descends,

By the Star — the constellation Pleiades al-thurayya — when it sets when it disappears

I swear by the celestial body when it goes down to make an apparent descent toward and below the horizon

Which was revealed in Makkah The First Surah in which a Prostration is revealed Al-Bukhari recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "Surat An-Najm was the first Surah in which a prostration was revealed.
The Prophet ( recited it in Makkah ) and prostrated.
Those who were with him did the same, except an old man who took a handful of soil and prostrated on it.
Later on, I saw him killed as a disbeliever; he was Umayyah bin Khalaf." Al-Bukhari recorded this Hadith in several places of his Sahih, as did Muslim, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i, using various chains of narration through Abu Ishaq from `Abdullah. بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Allah swears the Messenger ﷺ is True and His Words are a Revelation from Him Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ash-Sha`bi and others stated that the Creator swears by whatever He wills among His creation, but the created only vow by the Creator.
Allah said, وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَى ( By the star when it goes down. ) Ibn Abi Najih reported that Mujahid said, "The star refers to Pleiades when it sets at Fajr." Ad-Dahhak said "When the Shayatin are shot with it." And this Ayah is like Allah's saying; فَلاَ أُقْسِمُ بِمَوَقِعِ النُّجُومِ - وَإِنَّهُ لَقَسَمٌ لَّوْ تَعْلَمُونَ عَظِيمٌ - إِنَّهُ لَقُرْءَانٌ كَرِيمٌ - فِى كِتَـبٍ مَّكْنُونٍ - لاَّ يَمَسُّهُ إِلاَّ الْمُطَهَّرُونَ - تَنزِيلٌ مِّن رَّبِّ الْعَـلَمِينَ ( So, I swear by the setting of the stars.
And verily, that is indeed a great oath, if you but know.
That is indeed an honorable recitation.
In a Book well-guarded.
Which none can touch but the pure.
A revelation from the Lord of all that exists. )( 56:75-80 ) Allah said; مَا ضَلَّ صَـحِبُكُمْ وَمَا غَوَى ( Your companion has neither gone astray nor has erred. ) This contains the subject of the oath.
This part of the Ayah is the witness that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is sane and a follower of Truth.
He is neither led astray, such as in the case of the ignorant who does not proceed on any path with knowledge, nor is he one who erred, such as in the case of the knowledgeable, who knows the Truth, yet deviates from it intentionally to something else.
Therefore, Allah exonerated His Messenger and his Message from being similar to the misguided ways of the Christians and the erroneous paths of the Jews, such as knowing the Truth and hiding it, while abiding by falsehood.
Rather, he, may Allah's peace and blessings be on him, and his glorious Message that Allah has sent him with, are on the perfect straight path, following guidance and what is correct. Muhammad ﷺ was sent as a Mercy for all that exists; He does not speak of His Desire Allah said, وَمَا يَنطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَى ( Nor does he speak of desire ), asserting that nothing the Prophet utters is of his own desire or wish, إِنْ هُوَ إِلاَّ وَحْىٌ يُوحَى ( It is only a revelation revealed. ), means, he only conveys to the people what he was commanded to convey, in its entirety without additions or deletions.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Umamah said that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say,
«لَيَدْخُلَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ بِشَفَاعَةِ رَجُلٍ لَيْسَ بِنَبِيَ مِثْلُ الْحَيَّيْنِ أَوْ مِثْلُ أَحَدِ الْحَيَّيْنِ رَبِيعَةَ وَمُضَر»
( Verily, numbers similar to the two tribes, or one of them, Rabi`ah and Mudar, will enter Paradise on account of the intercession of one man, who is not a Prophet. ) A man asked, "O Allah's Messenger! Is not Rabi`ah a subtribe of Mudar." The Prophet said,
«إِنَّمَا أَقُولُ مَا أَقُول»
( I said what I said. ) Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin `Amr said, "I used to record everything I heard from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ so it would be preserved.
The Quraysh discouraged me from this, saying, `You record everything you hear from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, even though he is human and sometimes speaks when he is angry' I stopped recording the Hadiths for a while, but later mentioned what they said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said,
«اكْتُبْ، فَوَ الَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا خَرَجَ مِنِّي إِلَّا الْحَق»
( Write! By He in Whose Hand is my soul, every word that comes out of me is the Truth. )" Abu Dawud also collected this Hadith.

(53:1) By the star when it sets: *1

By the star when it descends, meaning

*1) In the original the word " an-najm "has been used.
Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and Sufyan Thauri opine that it implies the Pleides.
Ibn Jarir and Zamakhshari have held this same interpretation as preferable, for in Arabic when the word an -najm is used absolutely it usually implies the Pleides.
Suddi says that it implies Venus; and Abu `Ubaidah, the grammarian, holds that here the word an-najm has been used generically so as to express this idea: " When the day dawned, and the stars set. " In view of the context we are of the opinion that this last interpretation is more preferable.

 

Which was revealed in Makkah The First Surah in which a Prostration is revealed Al-Bukhari recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "Surat An-Najm was the first Surah in which a prostration was revealed.
The Prophet ( recited it in Makkah ) and prostrated.
Those who were with him did the same, except an old man who took a handful of soil and prostrated on it.
Later on, I saw him killed as a disbeliever; he was Umayyah bin Khalaf." Al-Bukhari recorded this Hadith in several places of his Sahih, as did Muslim, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i, using various chains of narration through Abu Ishaq from `Abdullah. بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Allah swears the Messenger ﷺ is True and His Words are a Revelation from Him Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ash-Sha`bi and others stated that the Creator swears by whatever He wills among His creation, but the created only vow by the Creator.
Allah said, وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَى ( By the star when it goes down. ) Ibn Abi Najih reported that Mujahid said, "The star refers to Pleiades when it sets at Fajr." Ad-Dahhak said "When the Shayatin are shot with it." And this Ayah is like Allah's saying; فَلاَ أُقْسِمُ بِمَوَقِعِ النُّجُومِ - وَإِنَّهُ لَقَسَمٌ لَّوْ تَعْلَمُونَ عَظِيمٌ - إِنَّهُ لَقُرْءَانٌ كَرِيمٌ - فِى كِتَـبٍ مَّكْنُونٍ - لاَّ يَمَسُّهُ إِلاَّ الْمُطَهَّرُونَ - تَنزِيلٌ مِّن رَّبِّ الْعَـلَمِينَ ( So, I swear by the setting of the stars.
And verily, that is indeed a great oath, if you but know.
That is indeed an honorable recitation.
In a Book well-guarded.
Which none can touch but the pure.
A revelation from the Lord of all that exists. )( 56:75-80 ) Allah said; مَا ضَلَّ صَـحِبُكُمْ وَمَا غَوَى ( Your companion has neither gone astray nor has erred. ) This contains the subject of the oath.
This part of the Ayah is the witness that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is sane and a follower of Truth.
He is neither led astray, such as in the case of the ignorant who does not proceed on any path with knowledge, nor is he one who erred, such as in the case of the knowledgeable, who knows the Truth, yet deviates from it intentionally to something else.
Therefore, Allah exonerated His Messenger and his Message from being similar to the misguided ways of the Christians and the erroneous paths of the Jews, such as knowing the Truth and hiding it, while abiding by falsehood.
Rather, he, may Allah's peace and blessings be on him, and his glorious Message that Allah has sent him with, are on the perfect straight path, following guidance and what is correct. Muhammad ﷺ was sent as a Mercy for all that exists; He does not speak of His Desire Allah said, وَمَا يَنطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَى ( Nor does he speak of desire ), asserting that nothing the Prophet utters is of his own desire or wish, إِنْ هُوَ إِلاَّ وَحْىٌ يُوحَى ( It is only a revelation revealed. ), means, he only conveys to the people what he was commanded to convey, in its entirety without additions or deletions.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Umamah said that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, «لَيَدْخُلَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ بِشَفَاعَةِ رَجُلٍ لَيْسَ بِنَبِيَ مِثْلُ الْحَيَّيْنِ أَوْ مِثْلُ أَحَدِ الْحَيَّيْنِ رَبِيعَةَ وَمُضَر» ( Verily, numbers similar to the two tribes, or one of them, Rabi`ah and Mudar, will enter Paradise on account of the intercession of one man, who is not a Prophet. ) A man asked, "O Allah's Messenger! Is not Rabi`ah a subtribe of Mudar." The Prophet said, «إِنَّمَا أَقُولُ مَا أَقُول» ( I said what I said. ) Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin `Amr said, "I used to record everything I heard from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ so it would be preserved.
The Quraysh discouraged me from this, saying, `You record everything you hear from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, even though he is human and sometimes speaks when he is angry' I stopped recording the Hadiths for a while, but later mentioned what they said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said, «اكْتُبْ، فَوَ الَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا خَرَجَ مِنِّي إِلَّا الْحَق» ( Write! By He in Whose Hand is my soul, every word that comes out of me is the Truth. )" Abu Dawud also collected this Hadith.

And from his narration on the authority of Ibn ’Abbas that he said regarding the interpretation of Allah’s saying ( By the Najm when it setteth ): ’( By the Najm when it setteth ) He says: Allah swears by the Qur’an when Gabriel takes it down to Muhammad in instalments ( nujuman ): one, two, three or four verses at a time. There was a 20 years interval between the first and last verses. When this verse was revealed, ’Utbah Ibn Abi Lahab heard that the Prophet ( pbuh ) swore by the revelation of the Qur’an in instalment and so he said: Tell Muhammad that I disbelieve in the instalments of the Qur’an. When the Prophet ( pbuh ) was informed of this, he prayed: O Allah! Set on him one of Your wild beasts. Later, Allah set on him a lion near Harran that snatched him from among his friends and took him to a place nearby. It tore him apart from head to foot but did not eat him because of his impurity, just as the Prophet ( pbuh ) had prayed against him. It is also said here Allah swore by the stars when they set,

By the star when it goes down, (or vanishes).

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