Surah Shams ayat 11 Tafsir Quran 91:11

﴿كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْوَاهَا﴾
[ الشمس: 11]

91:11 Thamud denied [their prophet] by reason of their transgression,

Thamūd denied their messenger Sālih because of their rebellious nature

The people of Thamud rejected the truth, brought to them by Allahs Messenger - Saleh -, through impudent transgression

The Rejection of Thamud and Allah's Destruction of Them Allah informs that Thamud rejected their Messenger because of the injustice and transgression they practiced.
This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah and others.
Therefore, this resulted in a rejection in their hearts for the guidance and conviction their Messenger came to them with. إِذِ انبَعَثَ أَشْقَـهَا ( When their most wicked went forth. ) meaning, the most wicked person of the tribe, and he was Qudar bin Salif, the one who killed the she-camel.
He was leader of the tribe of Thamud, and he is the one whom Allah refers to in His saying, فَنَادَوْاْ صَـحِبَهُمْ فَتَعَاطَى فَعَقَرَ ( But they called their comrade and he took (a sword ) and killed ( her ).) ( 54:29 ) This man was mighty and respected among his people.
He was of noble lineage and a leader who was obeyed.
This is just as Imam Ahmad recorded from `Abdullah bin Zam`ah.
He said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave a sermon in which he mentioned the she-camel and he mentioned the man who killed her.
Then he said, «إِذِ انبَعَثَ أَشْقَـهَا انْبَعَثَ لَهَا رَجُلٌ عَارِمٌ عَزِيزٌ مَنِيعٌ فَي رَهْطِهِ مِثْلُ أَبِي زَمْعَة» ( (When their most wicked went forth. )( A strong and mighty man who was invincible among his tribe, like Abu Zam`ah, went forth to her. ) This Hadith was recorded by Al-Bukhari in his Book of Tafsir, and Muslim in his Book of the Description of the Hellfire.
At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i both recorded it in their Sunans in their Books of Tafsir. The Story of Salih's She-Camel Allah then says, فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( But the Messenger of Allah said to them ) referring to Salih. نَاقَةُ اللَّهِ ( That is the she-camel of Allah! ) meaning, `beware of touching the she-camel of Allah with any harm.' وَسُقْيَـهَا ( and its drink! ) meaning, `do not transgress against her in her drinking, for she has been allocated a day to drink and you have been allocated a day to drink, as is known to you.' Then Allah says, فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا ( Then they denied him and they killed it. ) which means they rejected what he came with.
This resulted in them killing the she-camel that Allah had brought out of the rock as a sign for them and a proof against them. فَدَمْدمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِذَنبِهِمْ ( So their Lord destroyed them because of their sin, ) meaning, He became angry with them and He annihilated them. فَسَوَّاهَا ( Fasawwaha! ) meaning, He made the punishment descend upon them all equally.
Qatadah said, "It has reached us that the leader of tribe of Thamud did not kill the she-camel until their youth, their elderly, their males and their females all pledged allegiance to him.
So when the people cooperated in killing her, Allah destroyed them all with the same punishment due to their sin." Allah said, وَلاَ يَخَافُ ( And He feared not ) it has also been recited as ( فَلَا يَخَافُ ) ( So He feared not ) عُقْبَـهَا ( the consequences thereof. ) Ibn `Abbas said, "Allah does not fear any consequences from anyone else." Mujahid, Al-Hasan, Bakr bin `Abdullah Al-Muzani and others all said the same.
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Ash-Shams, and all praise and thanks are due to Allah.

(91:11) In their presumptuous insolence the Thamud *7 called the Truth a lie *8

Thamud denied [their prophet] by reason of meaning

*7) The things stated in principle in the above verses, are now being explained by as historical precedent or what it is a precedent and how it relates to what has been stated above, one should consider well in .the.
light of the other statements of the Qur'an the two basic truths which have been expressed in w.
7-10.

Firstly, in these it has been stated that attar creating the human self on balanced and sound nature, Allah inspired it with its fujur and its tagva.
The Qur'an along with stating this truth also makes explicit that this inspirational knowledge of fujur and tagva is not enough for every man that he may by himself obtain detailed guidance from it, but for this purpose Allah gave detailed guidance to the Prophets through Revelation in which it was explained what is fujur and what it applies to, which one should avoid, and what is tagva which one should attain and develop, if man does not accept and acknowledge this clear and definite guidance sent down through Revelation, he can neither avoid fujur not find the way to taqva.

Secondly, in these verses it has been stated that, the rewards and punishments are the necessary results which accrue from adoption of either fujur or taqva The result of clieansing the self of fujur and developing it ,with taqva is eternal success aad the result of suppressing its good tendencies and causing it to be overwhelmed with fujur is.failure, ruin and destruction.

To make man understand this truth a historical precedent is being cited and for this the tribe of Thamud has been taken as an illustration, for the various tribes destroyed in antiquity the territory of the Thamud was closest to Makkah.
In northern Hijaz its historical ruins were extant.
which the people of Makkah passed by during their trade journeys to Syria, auf the way this tribe has been frequently referred to in the pre-Islamic poetry shows that its destruction was a common subject of talk among the Arabs.

*8) " Belied the truth ": belied the Prophethood of the Prophet Salih, who was sent for their guidance.
On account of their rebellious attitude they were not prepared to give up the fujur in which they were involved, and they were not inclined to accept the tagva to which the Prophet Salih was calling them.
For details, see Al-A'raf: 73-76, Hud: 61-62, Ash-Shu`ara': 141-153, An-Naml: 45-49, Al-Qamar: 23-25.

 

The Rejection of Thamud and Allah's Destruction of Them Allah informs that Thamud rejected their Messenger because of the injustice and transgression they practiced.
This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah and others.
Therefore, this resulted in a rejection in their hearts for the guidance and conviction their Messenger came to them with. إِذِ انبَعَثَ أَشْقَـهَا ( When their most wicked went forth. ) meaning, the most wicked person of the tribe, and he was Qudar bin Salif, the one who killed the she-camel.
He was leader of the tribe of Thamud, and he is the one whom Allah refers to in His saying, فَنَادَوْاْ صَـحِبَهُمْ فَتَعَاطَى فَعَقَرَ ( But they called their comrade and he took (a sword ) and killed ( her ).) ( 54:29 ) This man was mighty and respected among his people.
He was of noble lineage and a leader who was obeyed.
This is just as Imam Ahmad recorded from `Abdullah bin Zam`ah.
He said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave a sermon in which he mentioned the she-camel and he mentioned the man who killed her.
Then he said, «إِذِ انبَعَثَ أَشْقَـهَا انْبَعَثَ لَهَا رَجُلٌ عَارِمٌ عَزِيزٌ مَنِيعٌ فَي رَهْطِهِ مِثْلُ أَبِي زَمْعَة» ( (When their most wicked went forth. )( A strong and mighty man who was invincible among his tribe, like Abu Zam`ah, went forth to her. ) This Hadith was recorded by Al-Bukhari in his Book of Tafsir, and Muslim in his Book of the Description of the Hellfire.
At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i both recorded it in their Sunans in their Books of Tafsir. The Story of Salih's She-Camel Allah then says, فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( But the Messenger of Allah said to them ) referring to Salih. نَاقَةُ اللَّهِ ( That is the she-camel of Allah! ) meaning, `beware of touching the she-camel of Allah with any harm.' وَسُقْيَـهَا ( and its drink! ) meaning, `do not transgress against her in her drinking, for she has been allocated a day to drink and you have been allocated a day to drink, as is known to you.' Then Allah says, فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا ( Then they denied him and they killed it. ) which means they rejected what he came with.
This resulted in them killing the she-camel that Allah had brought out of the rock as a sign for them and a proof against them. فَدَمْدمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِذَنبِهِمْ ( So their Lord destroyed them because of their sin, ) meaning, He became angry with them and He annihilated them. فَسَوَّاهَا ( Fasawwaha! ) meaning, He made the punishment descend upon them all equally.
Qatadah said, "It has reached us that the leader of tribe of Thamud did not kill the she-camel until their youth, their elderly, their males and their females all pledged allegiance to him.
So when the people cooperated in killing her, Allah destroyed them all with the same punishment due to their sin." Allah said, وَلاَ يَخَافُ ( And He feared not ) it has also been recited as ( فَلَا يَخَافُ ) ( So He feared not ) عُقْبَـهَا ( the consequences thereof. ) Ibn `Abbas said, "Allah does not fear any consequences from anyone else." Mujahid, Al-Hasan, Bakr bin `Abdullah Al-Muzani and others all said the same.
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Ash-Shams, and all praise and thanks are due to Allah.

( The tribe of ) Thamud) the folk of Salih ( denied (the Truth ) in their rebellious pride) He says: their transgression led them to this.

Thamud (people) denied (their Prophet) through their transgression (by rejecting the true Faith of Islamic Monotheism, and by following polytheism, and by committing every kind of sin).

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