Surah Saba ayat 12 Tafsir Quran 34:12

﴿وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ الرِّيحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ ۖ وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ الْقِطْرِ ۖ وَمِنَ الْجِنِّ مَن يَعْمَلُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِ ۖ وَمَن يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ﴾
[ سبأ: 12]

34:12 And to Solomon [We subjected] the wind - its morning [journey was that of] a month - and its afternoon [journey was that of] a month, and We made flow for him a spring of [liquid] copper. And among the jinn were those who worked for him by the permission of his Lord. And whoever deviated among them from Our command - We will make him taste of the punishment of the Blaze.

And We disposed for Solomon the wind the nominative reading of al-rīhu would be based on an implicit missing verb sakhkharnā ‘We disposed’ its morning course meaning its journey from the morning to the noon was a month’s journey and its evening course that is its journey from the noon to sunset was a month’s journey. And We caused a fount of molten copper to flow for him in other words We caused the copper to melt for him and so the fount flowed for three days and nights like water and to this day people have been using of that copper which was given to Solomon at that time. And of the jinn there were those who worked before him by the leave by the command of his Lord. And such of them as deviated from Our command to him to obey him Solomon We would make them taste the chastisement of the Blaze the Fire in the Hereafter — but it is also said that their chastisement was in this world in which case an angel would smite one of them with a lash thereof that would scorch him.

And to Solayman We made subservient the wind covering the distance, normally taking one month, in one morning stride forward and turning in one evening stride backward. We made a source of copper flow freely for him and of the Jinn those serving him by Allahs will, and he -of the Jinn- who defected or did not fulfill Allahs command came within the measure of Allahs wrath and We subjected him to the blazes

The Favors which Allah bestowed upon Sulayman Having mentioned the blessings with which He favored Dawud, Allah follows this by mentioning what He gave to Dawud's son Sulayman ( Solomon ), may peace be upon them both.
He subjugated the wind to him, so that it would carry his carpet one way for a month, then back again the next month.
Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "He set out from Damascus in the morning, landed in Istakhar where he ate a meal, then flew on from Istakhar and spent the night in Kabil." Between Damascus and Istakhar is an entire month's travel for a swift rider, and between Istakhar and Kabul is an entire month's travel for a swift rider. وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ الْقِطْرِ ( And We caused a fount Qitr to flow for him, ) Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be plased with him, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, `Ata' Al-Khurasani, Qatadah, As-Suddi, Malik from Zayd bin Aslam, `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and others said, "Qitr means copper." Qatadah said, "It was in Yemen." Allah brought forth all the things that people make for Sulayman, peace be upon him. وَمِنَ الْجِنِّ مَن يَعْمَلُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِ ( and there were Jinn that worked in front of him, by the leave of his Lord. ) means, `We subjugated the Jinn to work in front of him,' by the permission of his Lord, i.e., by Allah's decree and subjugation, they built whatever constructions he wanted, and did other work as well. وَمَن يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا ( And whosoever of them turned aside from Our command, ) means, whoever among them tried to rebel and disobey, نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ ( We shall cause him to taste of the torment of the blazing Fire. ) which means, burning. يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُ مَا يَشَآءُ مِن مَّحَـرِيبَ وَتَمَـثِيلَ ( They worked for him as he desired on Maharib, Tamathil, ) Maharib refers to beautiful structures, the best and innermost part of a dwelling.
Ibn Zayd said, "This means dwellings." With regard to "Tamathil," `Atiyah Al-`Awfi, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi said that Tamathil means pictures. وَجِفَانٍ كَالْجَوَابِ وَقُدُورٍ رَسِيَـتٍ ( large basins like Jawab and Qudur Rasiyat. ) Jawab, the plural form of Jabiyah, refers to cisterns or tanks in which water is held, and Qudur Rasiyat are cauldrons that stay in one place and are not moved around because of their great size.
This was the view of Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak and others. اعْمَلُواْ ءَالَ دَاوُودَ شُكْراً ( Work you, O family of Dawud, with thanks! ) means, `We said to them: Work with thanks for the blessings that We have bestowed upon you in this world and the Hereafter.' This indicates that thanks may be expressed by actions as much as by words and intentions.
Abu `Abdur-Rahman Al-Hubuli said, "Prayer is thanks, fasting is thanks, every good deed that you do for the sake of Allah is thanks, and the best of thanks is praise." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir.
In the Two Sahihs, it is reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
«إِنَّ أَحَبَّ الصَّلَاةِ إِلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى صَلَاةُ دَاوُدَ، كَانَ يَنَامُ نِصْفَ اللَّيْلِ، وَيَقُومُ ثُلُثَهُ، وَيَنَامُ سُدُسَهُ، وَأَحَبَّ الصِّيَامِ إِلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى صِيَامُ دَاوُدَ، كَانَ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا، وَلَا يَفِرُّ إِذَا لَاقَى»
( The most beloved of prayer to Allah is the prayer of Dawud.
He used to sleep for half the night, stand in prayer for a third of it and sleep for a sixth of it.
The most beloved of fasting to Allah is the fasting of Dawud.
He used to fast for a day then not fast for a day, and he never fled the battlefield. ) Ibn Abi Hatim narrated that Fudayl said concerning the Ayah: اعْمَلُواْ ءَالَ دَاوُودَ شُكْراً ( Work you, O family of Dawud, with thanks! ) Dawud said, "O Lord! How can I thank you when thanks itself is a blessing from You" He said: "Now you have truly given thanks to Me, for you have realized that it is a blessing from Me." وَقَلِيلٌ مِّنْ عِبَادِىَ الشَّكُورُ But few of My servants are grateful.
This is a reflection of reality.

(34:12) And We subdued the wind to Solomon: its morning course was a month's journey and its evening course was a month's journey. *17 We gave him a spring flowing with molten brass, *18 and We subdued for him jinn who, by his Lord's permission, *19 worked before him. Such of them as swerved from Our commandment, We let them taste the chastisement of the Blazing Fire.

And to Solomon [We subjected] the wind meaning

*17) For this also please refer to Al-Anbiya: 81 and E.N.
74 thereof.

*18) Some former commentators have taken this to mean that a spring from the earth had erupted for the Prophet Solomon from which molten copper flowed oat instead of water.
But another interpretation of this verse can be that in the time of the Prophet Solomon the work of melting and moulding copper for different uses was done on a very large scale and the same has been referred to here as the flowing of a spring of molten copper for him.
( For further details, see E.N.
74 of AI-Anbiya' ).

*19) The question whether the jinns who had been subdued to the Prophet Solomon were human beings of the mountain tribes or really the jinns who are well known by this name as the hidden creation, has been discussed in detail in our commentary of Surah AI-Anbiya' and Surah An-Naml.
( Please see E.N.
75 of AI-Anbiya' and E.N.'s 23, 45 and 52 of An-Naml ).

 

The Favors which Allah bestowed upon Sulayman Having mentioned the blessings with which He favored Dawud, Allah follows this by mentioning what He gave to Dawud's son Sulayman ( Solomon ), may peace be upon them both.
He subjugated the wind to him, so that it would carry his carpet one way for a month, then back again the next month.
Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "He set out from Damascus in the morning, landed in Istakhar where he ate a meal, then flew on from Istakhar and spent the night in Kabil." Between Damascus and Istakhar is an entire month's travel for a swift rider, and between Istakhar and Kabul is an entire month's travel for a swift rider. وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ الْقِطْرِ ( And We caused a fount Qitr to flow for him, ) Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be plased with him, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, `Ata' Al-Khurasani, Qatadah, As-Suddi, Malik from Zayd bin Aslam, `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and others said, "Qitr means copper." Qatadah said, "It was in Yemen." Allah brought forth all the things that people make for Sulayman, peace be upon him. وَمِنَ الْجِنِّ مَن يَعْمَلُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِ ( and there were Jinn that worked in front of him, by the leave of his Lord. ) means, `We subjugated the Jinn to work in front of him,' by the permission of his Lord, i.e., by Allah's decree and subjugation, they built whatever constructions he wanted, and did other work as well. وَمَن يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا ( And whosoever of them turned aside from Our command, ) means, whoever among them tried to rebel and disobey, نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ ( We shall cause him to taste of the torment of the blazing Fire. ) which means, burning. يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُ مَا يَشَآءُ مِن مَّحَـرِيبَ وَتَمَـثِيلَ ( They worked for him as he desired on Maharib, Tamathil, ) Maharib refers to beautiful structures, the best and innermost part of a dwelling.
Ibn Zayd said, "This means dwellings." With regard to "Tamathil," `Atiyah Al-`Awfi, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi said that Tamathil means pictures. وَجِفَانٍ كَالْجَوَابِ وَقُدُورٍ رَسِيَـتٍ ( large basins like Jawab and Qudur Rasiyat. ) Jawab, the plural form of Jabiyah, refers to cisterns or tanks in which water is held, and Qudur Rasiyat are cauldrons that stay in one place and are not moved around because of their great size.
This was the view of Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak and others. اعْمَلُواْ ءَالَ دَاوُودَ شُكْراً ( Work you, O family of Dawud, with thanks! ) means, `We said to them: Work with thanks for the blessings that We have bestowed upon you in this world and the Hereafter.' This indicates that thanks may be expressed by actions as much as by words and intentions.
Abu `Abdur-Rahman Al-Hubuli said, "Prayer is thanks, fasting is thanks, every good deed that you do for the sake of Allah is thanks, and the best of thanks is praise." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir.
In the Two Sahihs, it is reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «إِنَّ أَحَبَّ الصَّلَاةِ إِلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى صَلَاةُ دَاوُدَ، كَانَ يَنَامُ نِصْفَ اللَّيْلِ، وَيَقُومُ ثُلُثَهُ، وَيَنَامُ سُدُسَهُ، وَأَحَبَّ الصِّيَامِ إِلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى صِيَامُ دَاوُدَ، كَانَ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا، وَلَا يَفِرُّ إِذَا لَاقَى» ( The most beloved of prayer to Allah is the prayer of Dawud.
He used to sleep for half the night, stand in prayer for a third of it and sleep for a sixth of it.
The most beloved of fasting to Allah is the fasting of Dawud.
He used to fast for a day then not fast for a day, and he never fled the battlefield. ) Ibn Abi Hatim narrated that Fudayl said concerning the Ayah: اعْمَلُواْ ءَالَ دَاوُودَ شُكْراً ( Work you, O family of Dawud, with thanks! ) Dawud said, "O Lord! How can I thank you when thanks itself is a blessing from You" He said: "Now you have truly given thanks to Me, for you have realized that it is a blessing from Me." وَقَلِيلٌ مِّنْ عِبَادِىَ الشَّكُورُ But few of My servants are grateful.
This is a reflection of reality.

( And unto Solomon (We gave ) the wind) and We made the wind subservient to Solomon, ( whereof the morning course was a month’s journey ) He would go in the morning from Jerusalem to Istakhr, which was a month’s journey ( and the evening course a month’s journey ) and come back in the evening from Istakhr to Jerusalem which was another month’s journey, ( and We caused the fount of copper to gush forth for him ) to make of it what whatever he pleased, ( and (We gave him ) certain of the jinn) and made the jinn subservient to him ( who worked before him ) by means of magic buildings and other things ( by permission of his Lord ) by command of his Lord. ( And such of them as deviated from ) as disobey or rebel against ( Our command ) with which We commanded them; it is also said that this means: the command of Solomon, ( them We caused to taste the punishment of flaming fire ) it is also said that an angel hit with a pillar of fire whoever disobeyed among the jinn.

And to Solomon (We subjected) the wind, its morning (stride from sunrise till midnoon) was a month's (journey), and its afternoon (stride from the midday decline of the sun to sunset) was a month's (journey i.e. in one day he could travel two months' journey). And We caused a fount of (molten) brass to flow for him, and there were jinns that worked in front of him, by the Leave of his Lord, and whosoever of them turned aside from Our Command, We shall cause him to taste of the torment of the blazing Fire.

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