Surah Yunus ayat 13 Tafsir Quran 10:13

﴿وَلَقَدْ أَهْلَكْنَا الْقُرُونَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ لَمَّا ظَلَمُوا ۙ وَجَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُم بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَمَا كَانُوا لِيُؤْمِنُوا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْقَوْمَ الْمُجْرِمِينَ﴾
[ يونس: 13]

10:13 And We had already destroyed generations before you when they wronged, and their messengers had come to them with clear proofs, but they were not to believe. Thus do We recompense the criminal people

And indeed We have destroyed generations communities before you O people of Mecca when they did evil by way of idolatry and indeed their messengers brought them clear proofs indicating their truthfulness; but they would not believe wa-mā kānū li-yu’minū this is a supplement to zalamū ‘they did evil’. So just as We destroyed those We shall requite the sinning the unbelieving folk.

Destruction and death of generations that preceded in order of time were events you people must have heard of. They were wrongful of actions. They received Messengers as spectacles and warnings but they refused to give credence to their messages and to the divine enlightenment, thus do We requite the wicked

The Admonition held in the Destruction of the Previous Generations Allah tells us about what happened to past generations when they belied the Messengers ﷺ and the clear signs and proofs the latter brought to them.
Allah then made this nation successors after them.
He sent to them a Messenger to test their obedience to Him and following His Messenger.
Muslim recorded that Abu Nadrah reported from Abu Sa`id that he said: "Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:
«إِنَّ الدُّنْيَا حُلْوَةٌ خَضِرَةٌ، وَإِنَّ اللهَ مُسْتَخْلِفُكُمْ فِيهَا، فَنَاظِرٌ كَيْفَ تَعْمَلُونَ، فَاتَّقُوا الدُّنْيَا وَاتَّقُوا النِّسَاءَ، فَإِنَّ أَوَّلَ فِتْنَةِ بِنَي إِسْرَائِيلَ كَانَتْ فِي النِّسَاء»
( The world is indeed sweet and green; and verily Allah is going to install you generations after generations in it in order to see how you act.
So safeguard yourselves against the world and avoid (the trial caused by ) women.
For the first trial of the Children of Israel was due to women..) Ibn Jarir reported from `Abdur-Rahman from Ibn Abi Layla that `Awf bin Malik said to Abu Bakr: "In a dream, I saw a rope hanging from the sky and Allah's Messenger ﷺ was being raised.
The rope was suspended again and Abu Bakr was raised.
Then people were given different measurements around the Minbar, and `Umar was favored with three forearm measurements." `Umar said: "Keep your dream away from us, we have no need for it." When `Umar succeeded, he called for `Awf and said to him, "Tell me about your dream" `Awf said: "Do you need to hear about my dream now Did you not scold me before" He then said, "Woe unto you! I hated for you to announce it to the successor of Allah's Messenger ﷺ himself." So `Awf related his dream until he got to the three forearms, he said: "One that he was Khalifah, second he did not -- for the sake of Allah -- fear the blame of blamers, and third he was a martyr." Allah said: ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَـكُمْ خَلَـئِفَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ مِن بَعْدِهِم لِنَنظُرَ كَيْفَ تَعْمَلُونَ ( Then We made you successors after them, generations after generations in the land, that We might see how you would work. )( 10:14 ) Then he said: "Son of the mother of `Umar, you have been appointed as Khalifah, so look at what you will do! About not fearing the blame of blamers, that is Allah's will.
About becoming a martyr, how can `Umar reach that when the Muslims are in support of him"

(10:13) Surely We destroyed the nations (which had risen to heights of glory in their times) before you *16 when they indulged in wrong-doing *17 and refused to believe even when their Messengers brought clear signs to them. Thus do We recompense the people who are guilty.

And We had already destroyed generations before meaning

*16).
In Arabic, the word qarn, which occurs in the above verse, usually denotes 'the people of a given age'.
However, the word in its several usages in the Qur'an, connotes a 'nation' which, wielded in its heyday, whether fully or partially, the reins of world leadership.
When it is said that a certain nation was 'destroyed' this does not necessarily mean its total annihilation.
When any such nation suffers the loss of its ascendancy and leadership, when its culture and civilization become extinct, when its identity is effaced, in fact, when such a nation disintegrates and its component pans become assimilated into other nations, then it is fair to say that it has suffered destruction.

*17).
The expression zulm ( wrong-doing, injustice ) in the above verse has not been used in the limited sense in which it is generally used.
Instead, here the word embraces the whole range of sins which consists of man exceeding the limits of service and obedience to God.
( For further explanation see Towards Understanding the Qur'an, vol.
I, al-Baqarah, 2, n.
49, p.
64 - Ed. )
 

The Admonition held in the Destruction of the Previous Generations Allah tells us about what happened to past generations when they belied the Messengers ﷺ and the clear signs and proofs the latter brought to them.
Allah then made this nation successors after them.
He sent to them a Messenger to test their obedience to Him and following His Messenger.
Muslim recorded that Abu Nadrah reported from Abu Sa`id that he said: "Allah's Messenger ﷺ said: «إِنَّ الدُّنْيَا حُلْوَةٌ خَضِرَةٌ، وَإِنَّ اللهَ مُسْتَخْلِفُكُمْ فِيهَا، فَنَاظِرٌ كَيْفَ تَعْمَلُونَ، فَاتَّقُوا الدُّنْيَا وَاتَّقُوا النِّسَاءَ، فَإِنَّ أَوَّلَ فِتْنَةِ بِنَي إِسْرَائِيلَ كَانَتْ فِي النِّسَاء» ( The world is indeed sweet and green; and verily Allah is going to install you generations after generations in it in order to see how you act.
So safeguard yourselves against the world and avoid (the trial caused by ) women.
For the first trial of the Children of Israel was due to women..) Ibn Jarir reported from `Abdur-Rahman from Ibn Abi Layla that `Awf bin Malik said to Abu Bakr: "In a dream, I saw a rope hanging from the sky and Allah's Messenger ﷺ was being raised.
The rope was suspended again and Abu Bakr was raised.
Then people were given different measurements around the Minbar, and `Umar was favored with three forearm measurements." `Umar said: "Keep your dream away from us, we have no need for it." When `Umar succeeded, he called for `Awf and said to him, "Tell me about your dream" `Awf said: "Do you need to hear about my dream now Did you not scold me before" He then said, "Woe unto you! I hated for you to announce it to the successor of Allah's Messenger ﷺ himself." So `Awf related his dream until he got to the three forearms, he said: "One that he was Khalifah, second he did not -- for the sake of Allah -- fear the blame of blamers, and third he was a martyr." Allah said: ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَـكُمْ خَلَـئِفَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ مِن بَعْدِهِم لِنَنظُرَ كَيْفَ تَعْمَلُونَ ( Then We made you successors after them, generations after generations in the land, that We might see how you would work. )( 10:14 ) Then he said: "Son of the mother of `Umar, you have been appointed as Khalifah, so look at what you will do! About not fearing the blame of blamers, that is Allah's will.
About becoming a martyr, how can `Umar reach that when the Muslims are in support of him"

( We destroyed the generations before you when they did wrong ) when they disbelieved; ( and their messengers (from Allah ) came unto them with clear proofs) with commands, prohibitions and signs ( but they would not believe ) He says: they did not believe in that which they disbelieved in on the day of the covenant. ( Thus do We reward the guilty folk ) We reward the idolaters with destruction:

And indeed, We destroyed generations before you, when they did wrong while their Messengers came to them with clear proofs, but they were not such as to believe! Thus do We requite the people who are Mujrimun (disbelievers, polytheists, sinners, criminals, etc.).

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