Surah Al Hashr ayat 13 Tafsir Quran 59:13

﴿لَأَنتُمْ أَشَدُّ رَهْبَةً فِي صُدُورِهِم مِّنَ اللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَّا يَفْقَهُونَ﴾
[ الحشر: 13]

59:13 You [believers] are more fearful within their breasts than Allah. That is because they are a people who do not understand.

You indeed arouse greater awe fear in their hearts that is the hearts of the hypocrites than God — but only because He has deferred His chastisement to the Hereafter. That is because they are a people who do not comprehend.

Their hearts are impressed with the image of fear; they fear you Muslims far more than they fear. Allah, and this is on account of their dullness of comprehension

The False Promise of Support the Hypocrites gave to the Jews Allah states that the hypocrites, `Abdullah bin Ubayy and his like, sent a messenger to Bani An-Nadir promising them help.
Allah the Exalted said, أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ نَـفَقُواْ يَقُولُونَ لإِخْوَانِهِمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ لَئِنْ أُخْرِجْتُمْ لَنَخْرُجَنَّ مَعَكُمْ وَلاَ نُطِيعُ فيكُمْ أَحَداً أَبَداً وَإِن قُوتِلْتُمْ لَنَنصُرَنَّكُمْ ( Have you not observed the hypocrites who say to their friends among the People of the Scripture who disbelieve: "If you are expelled, we indeed will go out with you, and we shall never obey anyone against you; and if you are attacked, we shall indeed help you." ) Allah then said, وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَـذِبُونَ ( But Allah is Witness that they verily are liars. ) meaning, the hypocrites lied when they issued this promise, because it was just words that they did not intend to fulfill.
Also, what they said they would do, would never have been fulfilled by them, and this is why Allah said, وَلَئِن قُوتِلُواْ لاَ يَنصُرُونَهُمْ ( and if they are attacked, they will never help them. ) meaning, the hypocrites will not fight along with the Jews, وَلَئِن نَّصَرُوهُمْ ( And (even ) if they do help them, ) and even if the hypocrites did fight along their side, لَيُوَلُّنَّ الاٌّدْبَـرَ ثُمَّ لاَ يُنصَرُونَ ( they will turn their backs, and they will not be victorious. ) This Ayah contains good news, just as the good news that this following Ayah conveys, لاّنتُمْ أَشَدُّ رَهْبَةً فِى صُدُورِهِمْ مِّنَ اللَّهِ ( Verily, you are more fearful in their breasts than Allah. ) meaning, the hypocrites fear you more than they fear Allah, as He says; إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمْ يَخْشَوْنَ النَّاسَ كَخَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ أَوْ أَشَدَّ خَشْيَةً ( Behold! a section of them fear men as they fear Allah or even more. )( 4:77 ) This is why Allah said, ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لاَّ يَفْقَهُونَ ( That is because they are a people who comprehend not. ) Allah then said, لاَ يُقَـتِلُونَكُمْ جَمِيعاً إِلاَّ فِى قُرًى مُّحَصَّنَةٍ أَوْ مِن وَرَآءِ جُدُرٍ ( They fight not against you even together, except in fortified townships, or from behind walls. ) meaning, they will not fight Muslims except from behind besieged fortified forts, because of their cowardice and fear of Muslims.
They only fight when they have to defend themselves ( even though they threaten Muslims of reprisals ).
Allah the Exalted said, بَأْسُهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ شَدِيدٌ ( Their enmity among themselves is very great. ) meaning, the enmity they feel against each other is intense, وَيُذِيقَ بَعْضَكُمْ بَأْسَ بَعْضٍ ( And make you to taste the violence of one another. )( 6:65 ) Allah said in the Ayah, تَحْسَبُهُمْ جَمِيعاً وَقُلُوبُهُمْ شَتَّى ( You would think they were united, but their hearts are divided. ) meaning, even though one might see them combining forces and think that these forces are harmonious, yet in reality, they are divided severely.
Ibrahim An-Nakha`i said that this Ayah refers to the hypocrites and the People of the Scriptures, ذلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لاَّ يَعْقِلُونَ ( That is because they are a people who understand not. ) Allah said, كَمَثَلِ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ قَرِيباً ذَاقُواْ وَبَالَ أَمْرِهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ( They are like their immediate predecessors; they tasted the evil result of their conduct, and for them a painful torment. ) referring to the Jewish tribe of Bani Qaynuqa`, according to Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah and Muhammad bin Ishaq. The Parable of the Hypocrites and the Jews Allah said, كَمَثَلِ الشَّيْطَـنِ إِذْ قَالَ لِلإِنسَـنِ اكْفُرْ فَلَمَّا كَفَرَ قَالَ إِنِّى بَرِىءٌ مِّنكَ ( Like Shaytan, when he says to man: "Disbelieve." But when (man ) disbelieves, Shaytan says: "I am free of you...") meaning, the example of the Jews being deceived by the promises of the hypocrites, who said that they will help them if Muslims fight them, is that of the devil.
When matters got serious and the Jews were besieged, the hypocrites betrayed them and abandoned them to taste utter defeat.
Likewise, the devil lures mankind into disbelief and when they obey him, he disowns them and declares himself free of their actions, saying, إِنِّى أَخَافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ الْعَـلَمِينَ ( I fear Allah, the Lord of all that exists! ) Allah said, فَكَانَ عَـقِبَتَهُمَآ أَنَّهُمَا فِى النَّارِ خَـلِدِينَ فِيهَا ( So, the end of both will be that they will be in the Fire, abiding therein. ) meaning, the end of both he, Shaytan, who commanded that dis- belief be committed, and those who accep- ted his call, was in the fire of Hell forever, وَذَلِكَ جَزَآءُ الظَّـلِمِينَ ( Such is the recompense of the wrongdoers.
) means, this is the recompense of every unjust person.

(59:13) Surely they have greater dread for you in their hearts than for Allah. *23 That is because they are a people who are devoid of understanding. *24

You [believers] are more fearful within their meaning

*23) That is, " The reason why they dare not face you openly in the field is not that they are Muslim: and have fear of God in their hearts and are afraid that despite their claim to the Faith when they come out to help the disbelievers as against the believers, they will be held accountable before God.
But what actually restrains them froth facing you is that when they see your profound love and spirit of self-sacrifice and devotion for Islam and the Holy Prophet Muhammad ( Upon whom be Allah's peace and blessings ) and the great unity and concord in your rattles, they become dispirited.
They a now full well that although you are few in number the spirit of martyrdom which has turned each single individual among you into a gallant warrior and the organization which has moulded you into a solid body, will crush them also along with the Jews when they c]ash with you in the battlefield.
Here one should bear in mind the fact that if a person harbours the fear of another than God in his heart, it is in fact a negation of the fear of God.
Obviously.
the person who considers one of the dangers as lesser and the other greater, pays no heed to the first but dces whatever b e can to safeguard himself against the greater danger. "
*24) A great truth has been expressed in this brief sentence.
A person who has sense knows that the real power to be feared is the power of Allah and not the power of men.
Therefore, he will avoid every such thing as may call for the punishment of AIIah, whether there is any human power to call him to account for it or not, and he will come out to accomplish any duty which AIIah has enjoined on him, whether he is opposed and hindered by all the powers of the world.
But a man, who has no sense, determines his attitude and conduct in view of the human powers, instead of Allah's power, in alI matters of lift, because Allah's power for him is imperceptible and human powers arc perceptible.
If he avoids something.
he will avoid it, not because of the fear of Allah's punishment for it, but because of a human power, which may be there to take him to task.
And if he does sothing he will do is not because AIIah has enjoined it, but because some haman power has ordered or approved of it, and will reward hi for it.
This very distinction between intelligence and folly, in fact, distinguishes the character and conduct of a believer from that of an unbeliever.

 

The False Promise of Support the Hypocrites gave to the Jews Allah states that the hypocrites, `Abdullah bin Ubayy and his like, sent a messenger to Bani An-Nadir promising them help.
Allah the Exalted said, أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ نَـفَقُواْ يَقُولُونَ لإِخْوَانِهِمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ لَئِنْ أُخْرِجْتُمْ لَنَخْرُجَنَّ مَعَكُمْ وَلاَ نُطِيعُ فيكُمْ أَحَداً أَبَداً وَإِن قُوتِلْتُمْ لَنَنصُرَنَّكُمْ ( Have you not observed the hypocrites who say to their friends among the People of the Scripture who disbelieve: "If you are expelled, we indeed will go out with you, and we shall never obey anyone against you; and if you are attacked, we shall indeed help you." ) Allah then said, وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَـذِبُونَ ( But Allah is Witness that they verily are liars. ) meaning, the hypocrites lied when they issued this promise, because it was just words that they did not intend to fulfill.
Also, what they said they would do, would never have been fulfilled by them, and this is why Allah said, وَلَئِن قُوتِلُواْ لاَ يَنصُرُونَهُمْ ( and if they are attacked, they will never help them. ) meaning, the hypocrites will not fight along with the Jews, وَلَئِن نَّصَرُوهُمْ ( And (even ) if they do help them, ) and even if the hypocrites did fight along their side, لَيُوَلُّنَّ الاٌّدْبَـرَ ثُمَّ لاَ يُنصَرُونَ ( they will turn their backs, and they will not be victorious. ) This Ayah contains good news, just as the good news that this following Ayah conveys, لاّنتُمْ أَشَدُّ رَهْبَةً فِى صُدُورِهِمْ مِّنَ اللَّهِ ( Verily, you are more fearful in their breasts than Allah. ) meaning, the hypocrites fear you more than they fear Allah, as He says; إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمْ يَخْشَوْنَ النَّاسَ كَخَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ أَوْ أَشَدَّ خَشْيَةً ( Behold! a section of them fear men as they fear Allah or even more. )( 4:77 ) This is why Allah said, ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لاَّ يَفْقَهُونَ ( That is because they are a people who comprehend not. ) Allah then said, لاَ يُقَـتِلُونَكُمْ جَمِيعاً إِلاَّ فِى قُرًى مُّحَصَّنَةٍ أَوْ مِن وَرَآءِ جُدُرٍ ( They fight not against you even together, except in fortified townships, or from behind walls. ) meaning, they will not fight Muslims except from behind besieged fortified forts, because of their cowardice and fear of Muslims.
They only fight when they have to defend themselves ( even though they threaten Muslims of reprisals ).
Allah the Exalted said, بَأْسُهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ شَدِيدٌ ( Their enmity among themselves is very great. ) meaning, the enmity they feel against each other is intense, وَيُذِيقَ بَعْضَكُمْ بَأْسَ بَعْضٍ ( And make you to taste the violence of one another. )( 6:65 ) Allah said in the Ayah, تَحْسَبُهُمْ جَمِيعاً وَقُلُوبُهُمْ شَتَّى ( You would think they were united, but their hearts are divided. ) meaning, even though one might see them combining forces and think that these forces are harmonious, yet in reality, they are divided severely.
Ibrahim An-Nakha`i said that this Ayah refers to the hypocrites and the People of the Scriptures, ذلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لاَّ يَعْقِلُونَ ( That is because they are a people who understand not. ) Allah said, كَمَثَلِ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ قَرِيباً ذَاقُواْ وَبَالَ أَمْرِهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ( They are like their immediate predecessors; they tasted the evil result of their conduct, and for them a painful torment. ) referring to the Jewish tribe of Bani Qaynuqa`, according to Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah and Muhammad bin Ishaq. The Parable of the Hypocrites and the Jews Allah said, كَمَثَلِ الشَّيْطَـنِ إِذْ قَالَ لِلإِنسَـنِ اكْفُرْ فَلَمَّا كَفَرَ قَالَ إِنِّى بَرِىءٌ مِّنكَ ( Like Shaytan, when he says to man: "Disbelieve." But when (man ) disbelieves, Shaytan says: "I am free of you...") meaning, the example of the Jews being deceived by the promises of the hypocrites, who said that they will help them if Muslims fight them, is that of the devil.
When matters got serious and the Jews were besieged, the hypocrites betrayed them and abandoned them to taste utter defeat.
Likewise, the devil lures mankind into disbelief and when they obey him, he disowns them and declares himself free of their actions, saying, إِنِّى أَخَافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ الْعَـلَمِينَ ( I fear Allah, the Lord of all that exists! ) Allah said, فَكَانَ عَـقِبَتَهُمَآ أَنَّهُمَا فِى النَّارِ خَـلِدِينَ فِيهَا ( So, the end of both will be that they will be in the Fire, abiding therein. ) meaning, the end of both he, Shaytan, who commanded that dis- belief be committed, and those who accep- ted his call, was in the fire of Hell forever, وَذَلِكَ جَزَآءُ الظَّـلِمِينَ ( Such is the recompense of the wrongdoers.
) means, this is the recompense of every unjust person.

Allah then said to the believers: ( Ye are more awful as a fear in their bosoms than Allah ) He says: the fear of the Jews and hypocrites of the swords of Muhammad ( pbuh ) and his Companions is greater than their fear of Allah. ( That ) fear ( is because they are a folk who understand not ) the command of Allah or Allah’s divine Oneness.

Verily, you (believers in the Oneness of Allah - Islamic Monotheism) are more awful as a fear in their (Jews of Bani An-Nadir) breasts than Allah. That is because they are a people who comprehend not (the Majesty and Power of Allah).

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