Surah An Naba ayat 13 Tafsir Quran 78:13

﴿وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا﴾
[ النبأ: 13]

78:13 And made [therein] a burning lamp

and set a radiant lamp? namely the sun

We installed a lamp glowing dispensing heat and illumination

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. Refutation against the Idolators' Denial of the Occurrence of the Day of Judgement In rejection of the idolators' questioning about the Day of Judgement, due to their denial of its occurrence, Allah says, عَمَّ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ - عَنِ النَّبَإِ الْعَظِيمِ ( What are they asking about About the great news, ) meaning, what are they asking about They are asking about the matter of the Day of Judgement, and it is the great news.
Meaning the dreadful, horrifying, overwhelming information. الَّذِى هُمْ فِيهِ مُخْتَلِفُونَ ( About which they are in disagreement. ) meaning, the people are divided into two ideas about it.
There are those who believe in it and those who disbelieve in it.
Then Allah threatens those who deny the Day of Judgement by saying, كَلاَّ سَيَعْلَمُونَ - ثُمَّ كَلاَّ سَيَعْلَمُونَ ( Nay, they will come to know! Nay, again, they will come to know! ) This is a severe threat and a direct warning. Mentioning Allah's Power, and the Proof of His Ability to resurrect the Dead Then, Allah begins to explain His great ability to create strange things and amazing matters.
He brings this as a proof of His ability to do whatever He wishes concerning the matter of the Hereafter and other matters as well.
He says, أَلَمْ نَجْعَلِ الاٌّرْضَ مِهَـداً ( Have We not made the earth as a bed, ) meaning, an established, firm and peaceful resting place that is subservient to them. وَالْجِبَالَ أَوْتَاداً ( And the mountains as pegs ) meaning, He made them as pegs for the earth to hold it in place, make it stable and firm.
This is so that it may be suitable for dwelling and not quake with those who are in it.
Then Allah says, وَخَلَقْنَـكُمْ أَزْوَجاً ( And We have created you in pairs. ) meaning, male and female, both of them enjoying each other, and by this means procreation is achieved.
This is similar to Allah's statement, وَمِنْ ءايَـتِهِ أَنْ خَلَقَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَجاً لِّتَسْكُنُواْ إِلَيْهَا وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَكُم مَّوَدَّةً وَرَحْمَةً ( And among His signs is this that He created for you wives from among yourselves, that you may find repose in them, and He has put between you affection and mercy. ) ( 30:21 ) وَجَعَلْنَا نَوْمَكُمْ سُبَاتاً ( And We have made your sleep as a thing for rest. ) meaning, a cessation of movement in order to attain rest from the frequent repetition and going about in search of livelihood during the day.
A similar Ayah has been mentioned previously in Surat Al-Furqan. وَجَعَلْنَا الَّيْلَ لِبَاساً ( And We have made the night as a covering, ) meaning, its shade and darkness covers the people.
This is as Allah says, وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَـهَا ( By the night as it conceals it. ) ( 91:4 ) Qatadah commented; وَجَعَلْنَا الَّيْلَ لِبَاساً ( And We have made the night as a covering, ) meaning, a tranquil residence.
Concerning Allah's statement, وَجَعَلْنَا النَّهَارَ مَعَاشاً ( And We have made the day for livelihood. ) meaning, `We made it radiant, luminous, and shining so that the people would be able to move about in it.' By it they are able to come and go for their livelihood, earning, business dealings and other than that as well.
In reference to Allah's statement, وَبَنَيْنَا فَوْقَكُمْ سَبْعاً شِدَاداً ( And We have built above you seven strong, ) meaning, the seven heavens in their vastness, loftiness, perfection, precision, and adornment with both stable and moving stars.
Thus, Allah says, وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجاً وَهَّاجاً ( And We have made (therein ) a shining lamp.) meaning, the radiant sun that gives light to all of the world.
Its light glows for all of the people of the earth.
Allah then says, وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ الْمُعْصِرَاتِ مَآءً ثَجَّاجاً ( And We have sent down from the Mu`sirat water Thajjaj. ) `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "From the Mu`sirat means from the clouds." This was also stated by `Ikrimah, Abu Al-`Aliyah, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Ath-Thawri, and it is preferred by Ibn Jarir.
Al-Farra' said, "They are the clouds that are filled with rain, but they do not bring rain.
This is like the woman being called Mu`sir when ( the time of ) her menstrual cycle approaches, yet she does not menstruate." This is as Allah says, اللَّهُ الَّذِى يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَـحَ فَتُثِيرُ سَحَاباً فَيَبْسُطُهُ فِى السَّمَآءِ كَيْفَ يَشَآءُ وَيَجْعَلُهُ كِسَفاً فَتَرَى الْوَدْقَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ خِلاَلِهِ ( Allah is He Who sends the winds, so that they raise clouds, and spread them along the sky as He wills, and then break them into fragments, until you see rain drops come forth from their midst! ) ( 30:48 ) meaning, from its midst.
Concerning Allah's statement, مَآءً ثَجَّاجاً ( water Thajjaj ) Mujahid, Qatadah, and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas all said, "Thajjaj means poured out." At-Thawri said, "Continuous." Ibn Zayd said, "Abundant." In the Hadith of the woman with prolonged menstrual bleeding, when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to her,
«أَنْعَتُ لَكِ الْكُرْسُف»
( I suggest you to make an absorbent cloth for yourself. )" Meaning, `dress the area with cotton.' The woman replied, "O Messenger of Allah! It ( the bleeding ) is too much for that.
Verily, it flows in profusely ( Thajja )." This contains an evidence for using the word Thajj to mean abundant, continuous and flowing.
And Allah knows best.
Allah said, لِّنُخْرِجَ بِهِ حَبّاً وَنَبَاتاً - وَجَنَّـتٍ أَلْفَافاً ( That We may produce therewith corn and vegetation, and gardens that are Alfaf. ) meaning, `so that We may bring out great abundance, goodness, benefit, and blessing through this water.' حَبّاً ( grains ) This refers to that which is preserved for ( the usage ) of humans and cattle. وَنَبَاتاً ( and vegetations ) meaning, vegetables that are eaten fresh. وَجَنَّـتٍ ( And gardens ) meaning, gardens of various fruits, differing colors, and a wide variety of tastes and fragrances, even if it is ingathered at one location of the earth.
This is why Allah says وَجَنَّـتٍ أَلْفَافاً ( And gardens that are Alfaf. ) Ibn `Abbas and other said, "Alfaf means gathered." This is similar to Allah's statement, وَفِى الاٌّرْضِ قِطَعٌ مُّتَجَـوِرَتٌ وَجَنَّـتٌ مِّنْ أَعْنَـبٍ وَزَرْعٌ وَنَخِيلٌ صِنْوَنٌ وَغَيْرُ صِنْوَنٍ يُسْقَى بِمَآءٍ وَحِدٍ وَنُفَضِّلُ بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِى الاٍّكُلِ إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لآيَـتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ ( And in the earth are neighboring tracts, and gardens of vines, and green crops, and date palms, growing into two or three from a single stem root, or otherwise, watered with the same water; yet some of them We make more excellent than others to eat.
Verily, in these things there are Ayat for the people who understand. ) ( 13:4 ) إِنَّ يَوْمَ الْفَصْلِ كَانَ مِيقَـتاً - يَوْمَ يُنفَخُ فِى الصُّورِ فَتَأْتُونَ أَفْوَاجاً - وَفُتِحَتِ السَّمَآءُ فَكَانَتْ أَبْوَباً - وَسُيِّرَتِ الْجِبَالُ فَكَانَتْ سَرَاباً - إِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ كَانَتْ مِرْصَاداً - لِّلطَّـغِينَ مَـَاباً - لَّـبِثِينَ فِيهَآ أَحْقَاباً - لاَّ يَذُوقُونَ فِيهَا بَرْداً وَلاَ شَرَاباً - إِلاَّ حَمِيماً وَغَسَّاقاً - جَزَآءً وِفَـقاً - إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ لاَ يَرْجُونَ حِسَاباً - وَكَذَّبُواْ بِـَايَـتِنَا كِذَّاباً

(78:13) and placed therein a hot, shining lamp, *10

And made [therein] a burning lamp meaning

*10) " A bright, blazing lamp ": the sun.
The word wahhaj used for the sun means both intensely hot and intensely bright.
Hence our rendering.
In this brief sentence, allusion has been made to a most wonderful and glorious sign of Allah Almighty's power and wisdom which the sun is.
Its diameter is 109 times that of the earth's and its size more than 333,000 tunes that of the earth's.
Its temperature is 14,000,000'C.
In spite of shining 93,000,000 miles away from the earth, its light and brightness is dazzling, and man can look at it with the naked eye only at the risk of losing his eye-sight.
As for its heat, temperature in some parts of the earth reaches 140'F.
because of its radiation.
It is only Allah Who by His wisdom has placed the earth at the right distance from it, neither it is too hot for being close to it, nor too cold for being very far away from it.
For this very reason life of man, animal and vegetable became possible on it.
Measureless treasures of energy from it are reaching the earth and sustaining life.
It helps ripen our crops to provide sustenance to every creature; its heat causes vapours to rise from the seas, which spread to different parts of the earth by means of the winds and fall as rain.
In the sun Allah has kindled such a mighty furnace that has been constantly radiating light, heat and different kinds of rays throughout the entire solar system since millions and millions of years.

 

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. Refutation against the Idolators' Denial of the Occurrence of the Day of Judgement In rejection of the idolators' questioning about the Day of Judgement, due to their denial of its occurrence, Allah says, عَمَّ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ - عَنِ النَّبَإِ الْعَظِيمِ ( What are they asking about About the great news, ) meaning, what are they asking about They are asking about the matter of the Day of Judgement, and it is the great news.
Meaning the dreadful, horrifying, overwhelming information. الَّذِى هُمْ فِيهِ مُخْتَلِفُونَ ( About which they are in disagreement. ) meaning, the people are divided into two ideas about it.
There are those who believe in it and those who disbelieve in it.
Then Allah threatens those who deny the Day of Judgement by saying, كَلاَّ سَيَعْلَمُونَ - ثُمَّ كَلاَّ سَيَعْلَمُونَ ( Nay, they will come to know! Nay, again, they will come to know! ) This is a severe threat and a direct warning. Mentioning Allah's Power, and the Proof of His Ability to resurrect the Dead Then, Allah begins to explain His great ability to create strange things and amazing matters.
He brings this as a proof of His ability to do whatever He wishes concerning the matter of the Hereafter and other matters as well.
He says, أَلَمْ نَجْعَلِ الاٌّرْضَ مِهَـداً ( Have We not made the earth as a bed, ) meaning, an established, firm and peaceful resting place that is subservient to them. وَالْجِبَالَ أَوْتَاداً ( And the mountains as pegs ) meaning, He made them as pegs for the earth to hold it in place, make it stable and firm.
This is so that it may be suitable for dwelling and not quake with those who are in it.
Then Allah says, وَخَلَقْنَـكُمْ أَزْوَجاً ( And We have created you in pairs. ) meaning, male and female, both of them enjoying each other, and by this means procreation is achieved.
This is similar to Allah's statement, وَمِنْ ءايَـتِهِ أَنْ خَلَقَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَجاً لِّتَسْكُنُواْ إِلَيْهَا وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَكُم مَّوَدَّةً وَرَحْمَةً ( And among His signs is this that He created for you wives from among yourselves, that you may find repose in them, and He has put between you affection and mercy. ) ( 30:21 ) وَجَعَلْنَا نَوْمَكُمْ سُبَاتاً ( And We have made your sleep as a thing for rest. ) meaning, a cessation of movement in order to attain rest from the frequent repetition and going about in search of livelihood during the day.
A similar Ayah has been mentioned previously in Surat Al-Furqan. وَجَعَلْنَا الَّيْلَ لِبَاساً ( And We have made the night as a covering, ) meaning, its shade and darkness covers the people.
This is as Allah says, وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَـهَا ( By the night as it conceals it. ) ( 91:4 ) Qatadah commented; وَجَعَلْنَا الَّيْلَ لِبَاساً ( And We have made the night as a covering, ) meaning, a tranquil residence.
Concerning Allah's statement, وَجَعَلْنَا النَّهَارَ مَعَاشاً ( And We have made the day for livelihood. ) meaning, `We made it radiant, luminous, and shining so that the people would be able to move about in it.' By it they are able to come and go for their livelihood, earning, business dealings and other than that as well.
In reference to Allah's statement, وَبَنَيْنَا فَوْقَكُمْ سَبْعاً شِدَاداً ( And We have built above you seven strong, ) meaning, the seven heavens in their vastness, loftiness, perfection, precision, and adornment with both stable and moving stars.
Thus, Allah says, وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجاً وَهَّاجاً ( And We have made (therein ) a shining lamp.) meaning, the radiant sun that gives light to all of the world.
Its light glows for all of the people of the earth.
Allah then says, وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ الْمُعْصِرَاتِ مَآءً ثَجَّاجاً ( And We have sent down from the Mu`sirat water Thajjaj. ) `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "From the Mu`sirat means from the clouds." This was also stated by `Ikrimah, Abu Al-`Aliyah, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Ath-Thawri, and it is preferred by Ibn Jarir.
Al-Farra' said, "They are the clouds that are filled with rain, but they do not bring rain.
This is like the woman being called Mu`sir when ( the time of ) her menstrual cycle approaches, yet she does not menstruate." This is as Allah says, اللَّهُ الَّذِى يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَـحَ فَتُثِيرُ سَحَاباً فَيَبْسُطُهُ فِى السَّمَآءِ كَيْفَ يَشَآءُ وَيَجْعَلُهُ كِسَفاً فَتَرَى الْوَدْقَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ خِلاَلِهِ ( Allah is He Who sends the winds, so that they raise clouds, and spread them along the sky as He wills, and then break them into fragments, until you see rain drops come forth from their midst! ) ( 30:48 ) meaning, from its midst.
Concerning Allah's statement, مَآءً ثَجَّاجاً ( water Thajjaj ) Mujahid, Qatadah, and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas all said, "Thajjaj means poured out." At-Thawri said, "Continuous." Ibn Zayd said, "Abundant." In the Hadith of the woman with prolonged menstrual bleeding, when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to her, «أَنْعَتُ لَكِ الْكُرْسُف» ( I suggest you to make an absorbent cloth for yourself. )" Meaning, `dress the area with cotton.' The woman replied, "O Messenger of Allah! It ( the bleeding ) is too much for that.
Verily, it flows in profusely ( Thajja )." This contains an evidence for using the word Thajj to mean abundant, continuous and flowing.
And Allah knows best.
Allah said, لِّنُخْرِجَ بِهِ حَبّاً وَنَبَاتاً - وَجَنَّـتٍ أَلْفَافاً ( That We may produce therewith corn and vegetation, and gardens that are Alfaf. ) meaning, `so that We may bring out great abundance, goodness, benefit, and blessing through this water.' حَبّاً ( grains ) This refers to that which is preserved for ( the usage ) of humans and cattle. وَنَبَاتاً ( and vegetations ) meaning, vegetables that are eaten fresh. وَجَنَّـتٍ ( And gardens ) meaning, gardens of various fruits, differing colors, and a wide variety of tastes and fragrances, even if it is ingathered at one location of the earth.
This is why Allah says وَجَنَّـتٍ أَلْفَافاً ( And gardens that are Alfaf. ) Ibn `Abbas and other said, "Alfaf means gathered." This is similar to Allah's statement, وَفِى الاٌّرْضِ قِطَعٌ مُّتَجَـوِرَتٌ وَجَنَّـتٌ مِّنْ أَعْنَـبٍ وَزَرْعٌ وَنَخِيلٌ صِنْوَنٌ وَغَيْرُ صِنْوَنٍ يُسْقَى بِمَآءٍ وَحِدٍ وَنُفَضِّلُ بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِى الاٍّكُلِ إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لآيَـتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ ( And in the earth are neighboring tracts, and gardens of vines, and green crops, and date palms, growing into two or three from a single stem root, or otherwise, watered with the same water; yet some of them We make more excellent than others to eat.
Verily, in these things there are Ayat for the people who understand. ) ( 13:4 ) إِنَّ يَوْمَ الْفَصْلِ كَانَ مِيقَـتاً - يَوْمَ يُنفَخُ فِى الصُّورِ فَتَأْتُونَ أَفْوَاجاً - وَفُتِحَتِ السَّمَآءُ فَكَانَتْ أَبْوَباً - وَسُيِّرَتِ الْجِبَالُ فَكَانَتْ سَرَاباً - إِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ كَانَتْ مِرْصَاداً - لِّلطَّـغِينَ مَـَاباً - لَّـبِثِينَ فِيهَآ أَحْقَاباً - لاَّ يَذُوقُونَ فِيهَا بَرْداً وَلاَ شَرَاباً - إِلاَّ حَمِيماً وَغَسَّاقاً - جَزَآءً وِفَـقاً - إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ لاَ يَرْجُونَ حِسَاباً - وَكَذَّبُواْ بِـَايَـتِنَا كِذَّاباً

( And have appointed a dazzling lamp ) and have appointed a radiant sun for the children of Adam,

And have made (therein) a shinning lamp (sun).

Page 582 English transliteration