Surah Al Fath ayat 16 Tafsir Quran 48:16

﴿قُل لِّلْمُخَلَّفِينَ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ سَتُدْعَوْنَ إِلَىٰ قَوْمٍ أُولِي بَأْسٍ شَدِيدٍ تُقَاتِلُونَهُمْ أَوْ يُسْلِمُونَ ۖ فَإِن تُطِيعُوا يُؤْتِكُمُ اللَّهُ أَجْرًا حَسَنًا ۖ وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوْا كَمَا تَوَلَّيْتُم مِّن قَبْلُ يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا﴾
[ الفتح: 16]

48:16 Say to those who remained behind of the bedouins, "You will be called to [face] a people of great military might; you may fight them, or they will submit. So if you obey, Allah will give you a good reward; but if you turn away as you turned away before, He will punish you with a painful punishment."

Say to those of the Bedouins mentioned who were left behind to test them ‘You shall be called against a people possessed of great might — these are said to have been the tribe of Banū Hanīfa the inhabitants of the region of al-Yamāma; but it is also said that these were the Persians and the Byzantines — you shall fight them tuqātilūnahum is a circumstancial qualifier referring to an implied future situation which constitutes that to which the ‘call’ will be made; or they will submit so that you will not have to fight. So if you obey the command to fight them God will give you a good reward; but if you turn away like you turned away before He will chastise you with a painful chastisement’.

Say O Muhammad to those stay-at-home Arabs: You will be called upon to make your march for a land whose people face danger with boldness, firmness and courage and they exercise powerful and vehement opposition, and you are expected to war against them unless they, of their own free will, submit and surrender their very selves to Allah. And if you comply with Allahs command, He will requite you graciously, but if you should change your minds and turn back as you did before, He shall afflict you with a condign punishment

Allah conveys the News that there will be Many Cases of Jihad, and that Jihad distinguishes the Ranks of the Believers and exposes the Hypocrite Scholars of Tafsir differ over who the people mentioned here are.
They are people experienced at warfare who will be called to fight.
There are many opinions, first, they are the tribe of Hawazin, as Shu`bah narrated from Abu Bishr from Sa`id bin Jubayr, or `Ikrimah, or both of them.
Hushaym narrated this explanation from Abu Bishr, from both Sa`id bin Jubayr and `Ikrimah.
Qatadah, as narrated from him in one version, held the same view.
The second view is that these people are the tribe of Thaqif, according to Ad-Dahhak.
The third view is that they are Banu Hanifah, according to Juwaybir and Az-Zuhri, as Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated from him.
Similar was narrated from Sa`id bin Jubayr and `Ikrimah.
The fourth opinion is that they are the Persians, according to `Ali bin Abi Talhah who reported that from `Abdullah bin `Abbas.
This is also the view of `Ata', Mujahid, and `Ikrimah.
Ka`b Al-Ahbar said that they are the Romans, while Ibn Abi Layla, `Ata, Al-Hasan and Qatadah -- in a different narration from him, said that they are the Persians and Romans.
Mujahid also said that they are the idolators.
In another narration Mujahid said, "They are men given to great warfare," and did not specify any particular people.
This last explanation is the view preferred by Ibn Jurayj and Ibn Jarir.
Allah's statement, تُقَـتِلُونَهُمْ أَوْ يُسْلِمُونَ ( Then you shall fight them, or they shall surrender. ) means, `you are called to fight them in Jihad, through constant warfare, until you become victorious over them or they surrender.
Or, they will embrace your religion without a fight, but with their full consent.' Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said next, فَإِن تُطِيعُواْ ( Then if you obey, ) `if you accept the call to Jihad and prepare for it and fulfill your duty in this regard,' يُؤْتِكُمُ اللَّهُ أَجْراً حَسَناً وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوْاْ كَمَا تَوَلَّيْتُمْ مِّن قَبْلُ ( Allah will give you a fair reward; but if you turn away as you turned away before, ) `on the day of Al-Hudaybiyyah, when you were called to Jihad, yet lagged behind,' يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً ( He will punish you with a painful torment. ) Acceptable Reasons for not joining Jihad Allah then mentions the legal reasons that allow one to be excused from joining the Jihad, such as blindness and being lame, and various illnesses that strike one and are remedied in few days.
When one is ill, he is allowed to remain behind and will have a valid excuse to do so, until his illness ends.
Allah the Exalted and Most honored then said, while ordaining joining the Jihad and obeying Allah and His Messenger , وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الاٌّنْهَـرُ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ ( And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, He will admit him to Gardens beneath which rivers flow; and whosoever turns back, ) from joining the Jihad and busies himself in his livelihood, يُعَذِّبْهُ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً ( He will punish him with a painful torment. ) in this life with humiliation and in the Hereafter with the Fire.
Allah the Exalted has the best knowledge.

(48:16) Say to the bedouins who were left behind: 'You will be called against those who possess great might and be asked to fight against them unless they surrender. *30 If you obey (the command to fight), Allah will bestow upon you a goodly reward. But if you turn away, as you turned away before, He shall inflict upon you a grievous chastisement.'

Say to those who remained behind of meaning

*30) The words au yuslimun in the original can have two meanings and both are implied: ( 1 ) 'That they should accept Islam" ; and ( 2 ) 'that they should submit to the Islamic rule. "
 

Allah conveys the News that there will be Many Cases of Jihad, and that Jihad distinguishes the Ranks of the Believers and exposes the Hypocrite Scholars of Tafsir differ over who the people mentioned here are.
They are people experienced at warfare who will be called to fight.
There are many opinions, first, they are the tribe of Hawazin, as Shu`bah narrated from Abu Bishr from Sa`id bin Jubayr, or `Ikrimah, or both of them.
Hushaym narrated this explanation from Abu Bishr, from both Sa`id bin Jubayr and `Ikrimah.
Qatadah, as narrated from him in one version, held the same view.
The second view is that these people are the tribe of Thaqif, according to Ad-Dahhak.
The third view is that they are Banu Hanifah, according to Juwaybir and Az-Zuhri, as Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated from him.
Similar was narrated from Sa`id bin Jubayr and `Ikrimah.
The fourth opinion is that they are the Persians, according to `Ali bin Abi Talhah who reported that from `Abdullah bin `Abbas.
This is also the view of `Ata', Mujahid, and `Ikrimah.
Ka`b Al-Ahbar said that they are the Romans, while Ibn Abi Layla, `Ata, Al-Hasan and Qatadah -- in a different narration from him, said that they are the Persians and Romans.
Mujahid also said that they are the idolators.
In another narration Mujahid said, "They are men given to great warfare," and did not specify any particular people.
This last explanation is the view preferred by Ibn Jurayj and Ibn Jarir.
Allah's statement, تُقَـتِلُونَهُمْ أَوْ يُسْلِمُونَ ( Then you shall fight them, or they shall surrender. ) means, `you are called to fight them in Jihad, through constant warfare, until you become victorious over them or they surrender.
Or, they will embrace your religion without a fight, but with their full consent.' Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said next, فَإِن تُطِيعُواْ ( Then if you obey, ) `if you accept the call to Jihad and prepare for it and fulfill your duty in this regard,' يُؤْتِكُمُ اللَّهُ أَجْراً حَسَناً وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوْاْ كَمَا تَوَلَّيْتُمْ مِّن قَبْلُ ( Allah will give you a fair reward; but if you turn away as you turned away before, ) `on the day of Al-Hudaybiyyah, when you were called to Jihad, yet lagged behind,' يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً ( He will punish you with a painful torment. ) Acceptable Reasons for not joining Jihad Allah then mentions the legal reasons that allow one to be excused from joining the Jihad, such as blindness and being lame, and various illnesses that strike one and are remedied in few days.
When one is ill, he is allowed to remain behind and will have a valid excuse to do so, until his illness ends.
Allah the Exalted and Most honored then said, while ordaining joining the Jihad and obeying Allah and His Messenger , وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الاٌّنْهَـرُ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ ( And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, He will admit him to Gardens beneath which rivers flow; and whosoever turns back, ) from joining the Jihad and busies himself in his livelihood, يُعَذِّبْهُ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً ( He will punish him with a painful torment. ) in this life with humiliation and in the Hereafter with the Fire.
Allah the Exalted has the best knowledge.

( Say ) O Muhammad ( unto those of the wandering Arabs who were left behind ) Dayl, Ashja’, and a group of people from both Muzaynah and Juhaynah: ( Ye will be called ) after the Prophet ( pbuh ) ( against a folk ) to fight a folk ( of mighty prowess ) who are tough in fighting; the reference here is to the people of al-Yamamah, Banu Hanifah, the folk of Musaylimah the liar, ( to fight them ) because of religion ( until they surrender; and if ye obey ) and agree to fight and make your profession of Allah’s divine Oneness pure, ( Allah will give you a fair reward ) in the Garden; ( but if ye turn away ) from Allah’s divine Oneness, repentance, sincerity and acceptance to fight against Musaylimah the liar ( as ye did turn away before ) at the conquest of al-Hudaybiyyah, ( He will punish you with a painful doom ).

Say (O Muhammad SAW) to the bedouins who lagged behind: "You shall be called to fight against a people given to great warfare, then you shall fight them, or they shall surrender. Then if you obey, Allah will give you a fair reward, but if you turn away as you did turn away before, He will punish you with a painful torment."

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