Surah Al Hashr ayat 2 Tafsir Quran 59:2

﴿هُوَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِن دِيَارِهِمْ لِأَوَّلِ الْحَشْرِ ۚ مَا ظَنَنتُمْ أَن يَخْرُجُوا ۖ وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُم مَّانِعَتُهُمْ حُصُونُهُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ فَأَتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَحْتَسِبُوا ۖ وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ ۚ يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُم بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاعْتَبِرُوا يَا أُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ﴾
[ الحشر: 2]

59:2 It is He who expelled the ones who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture from their homes at the first gathering. You did not think they would leave, and they thought that their fortresses would protect them from Allah; but [the decree of] Allah came upon them from where they had not expected, and He cast terror into their hearts [so] they destroyed their houses by their [own] hands and the hands of the believers. So take warning, O people of vision.

It is He Who expelled those who disbelieved of the People of the Scripture namely the Jews of the Banū al-Nadīr from their homelands from their dwellings at Medina at the first exile that is their exile to Syria the last exile being their banishment to Khaybar by ‘Umar during his caliphate. You did not think O believers that they would go forth and they thought that they would be protected māni‘atuhum is the predicate of an ‘that’ by their fortresses husūnuhum the agent of the verb māni‘atuhum with which the predication is completed from God from His chastisement. But God His command and His chastisement came at them from whence they had not reckoned from whence had never occurred to them from the part of the believers and He cast terror ru‘b or ru‘ub into their hearts by having their chief Ka‘b b. al-Ashraf slain destroying as they did read yukharribūna; or yukhribūna derived from 4th form akhraba their houses in order to take away with them what they valued of wood and so on with their own hands and the hands of the believers. So take heed O you who have eyes!

It is He Who drove those who denied Him among Ahl AL-Kitab (the People of the Book) out of their homes at the beginning of the thronging for the battle. You yourselves, O Muslims, did not think they would go out of their fortresses nor did they themselves think that their fortresses were penetrable to any hostile action, not to mention that contemptible notion of being proof against Allah. But Allah reduced them to impotence in His own manner which they never expected and He inspired terror in their hearts so that as they had tried to ruin the whole tower of Faith, they perfected their own ruin. They demolished their own homes and reduced their own property into a useless from by their own hands and the hands of the believers. So take heed you people of sight and can lift to Allah their inward sight

Which was revealed in Al-Madinah Ibn `Abbas used to call this chapter, `Surah Bani An-Nadir.' Sa`id bin Mansur recorded that Sa`id bin Jubayr said, "I asked Ibn `Abbas about Surat Al-Hashr and he said, `It was revealed about Bani An-Nadir."' Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded it using another chain of narration from Ibn `Abbas.
Al-Bukhari also recorded it from Abu `Awanah, from Abu Bishr from Sa`id bin Jubayr, who said, "I asked Ibn `Abbas, `Surat Al-Hashr' He said, `Surah Bani An-Nadir."' بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Everything glorifies Allah in its own Way Allah states that everything that exists in the heavens and on the earth praises, glorifies, reveres and prays to Him and affirms His Oneness.
Allah said in another Ayah, تُسَبِّحُ لَهُ السَّمَـوَتُ السَّبْعُ وَالاٌّرْضُ وَمَن فِيهِنَّ وَإِن مِّن شَىْءٍ إِلاَّ يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدَهِ وَلَـكِن لاَّ تَفْقَهُونَ تَسْبِيحَهُمْ ( The seven heavens and the earth and all that is therein, glorify Him and there is not a thing but glorifies His praise.
But you understand not their glorification. )( 17:44 ) Allah's statement, وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ ( And He is the Almighty ) meaning of invincible majesty, الْحَكِيمُ ( the All-Wise. ) in what He decrees and legislates. The End that Bani An-Nadir suffered Allah said, هُوَ الَّذِى أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ ( He it is Who drove out the disbelievers among the People of the Scripture ) referring to the Jewish tribe of Bani An-Nadir, according to Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Az-Zuhri and several others.
When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ migrated to Al-Madinah, he made a peace treaty with the Jews stipulating that he would not fight them and they would not fight him.
They soon betrayed the treaty that they made with Allah's Messenger ﷺ.
Therefore, Allah sent His torment down on them; it can never be averted, and His appointed destiny touched them; it can never be resisted.
The Prophet forced them to evacuate and abandon their fortified forts that Muslims did not think they would ever control.
The Jews thought that their fortifications will save them from Allah's torment, but they did not help them against Allah in the least.
Then, that which they did not expect came to them from Allah, and Allah's Messenger ﷺ forced them to leave Al-Madinah.
Some of them went to Adhri`at in the area of Ash-Sham, which is the area of the grand Gathering and Resurrection, while others went to Khaybar.
The Prophet allowed them to evacuate their forts and take whatever their camels could carry.
They destroyed the property that they could not carry.
This is why Allah the Exalted said, يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاعْتَبِرُواْ يأُوْلِى الاٌّبْصَـرِ ( they demolished their own dwellings with their own hands and the hands of the believers Then take admonition, O you with eyes. ) meaning, "Contemplate the end of those who defied Allah's command, contradicted His Messenger and denied His Book.
See how Allah's humiliating torment struck them in this life, as well as, the painful torment that Allah has reserved for them in the Hereafter." Abu Dawud recorded that `Abdur-Rahman bin Ka`b bin Malik said that one of the Prophet's Companions said, "The Quraysh idolators wrote to `Abdullah bin Ubayy and those who were still worshipping idols among the tribes of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj.
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was in Al-Madinah at the time, before the battle of Badr occurred.
They wrote: `You have given refuge to our citizen.
We swear by Allah, you should fight him, or we will expel you or gather all our forces, until we kill your soldiers and take your women captive.' When the news of this threat reached `Abdullah bin Ubayy and the idolators of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj, they prepared to fight the Prophet .
The news of this reached the Prophet and he went to them saying,
«لَقَدْ بَلَغَ وَعِيدُ قُرَيْشٍ مِنْكُمُ الْمَبَالِغَ، مَا كَانَتْ تَكِيدُكُمْ بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا تُرِيدُ أَن تَكِيدُوا بِهِ أَنْفُسَكُمْ، تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تُقَاتِلُوا أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَإِخْوَانَكُم»
( The threat of the Quraysh has caused you extreme anxiety! The Quraysh cannot cause you more harm than what you will cause yourselves by your actions.
Do you want to fight your children and brethren ) When they heard these words from the Prophet , they dis- persed and the news of what happened reached the Quraysh idolators.
After the battle of Badr, the Quraysh idolators wrote to the Jews of Al-Madinah, `You have armor and forts! You should fight our citizen or we will do such and such to you, and nothing will prevent us from acquiring your women.'The news of this letter also reached the Prophet and Bani An-Nadir intended to betray their treaty.
Bani An-Nadir sent a message to the Prophet asking him to come with thirty of his Companions to meet thirty of their rabbis half way, from either side.
They said that the rabbis would listen to the Prophet and if they believe in him, the rest of Bani An-Nadir would believe.
They intended to kill the Messenger , and Allah informed His Messenger of this plot before they could harm him.
The next day, the Prophet gathered his forces and laid siege to their area, saying to them,
«إِنَّكُمْ وَاللهِ لَا تَأْمَنُونَ عِنْدِي إِلَّا بِعَهْدٍ تُعَاهِدُونَنِي عَلَيْه»
( By Allah ! You will not be safe until and unless you renew your peace treaty with me. ) They refused to do so, and the Prophet fought them the rest of that day.
The next morning, the Prophet laid siege to the tribe of Bani Qurayzah and left Bani An-Nadir alone that day.
The Prophet ordered Bani Qurayzah to sign a new treaty of peace, and they accepted.
The Prophet left Bani Qurayzah and went back to Bani An-Nadir with his forces and fought them until they agreed to surrender in return for safe passage out of Al-Madinah.
Bani An-Nadir evacuated Al-Madinah and took with them all whatever their camels could carry from their furniture, including even the wood and the doors to their houses.
The date trees of Bani An-Nadir were granted to the Messenger by Allah when He said, وَمَآ أَفَآءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَآ أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلاَ رِكَابٍ ( And what Allah gave as booty to His Messenger from them -- for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry ) that is, what you earned without a fight.
The Prophet divided most of their trees between the emigrants and gave to only two men who were poor from Al-Ansar.
He did not give the Ansar any of it, except for these two men.
The Prophet kept a part of the war booty for himself and that part of charity of the Prophet was transferred to the administration of his daughter's children, i.e., children of Fatimah." However, let us summarize the battle of Bani An-Nadir here.
From Allah alone we seek help. The Reason behind the Battle of Bani An-Nadir After the seventy Companions whom the Prophet sent to teach the Qur'an were killed at the area of Bi'r Ma`unah, excluding `Amr bin Umayyah Ad-Damri, who killed two men from the tribe of Bani `Amir on his way back to Al-Madinah.
He did not know that these two men had a promise of safe passage from Allah's Messenger ﷺ.
When he went back to Al-Madinah, he told the Prophet what happened and the Prophet said,
«لَقَدْ قَتَلْتَ رَجُلَيْنِ لَأَدِيَنَّهُمَا»
( You have killed two men, I shall pay the blood money for them. ) Bani An-Nadir and Bani `Amir were allies and had treaties.
The Prophet asked Bani An-Nadir to help pay the blood money for the two dead men.
The area of Bani An-Nadir was in a suburb of Al-Madinah, a few miles to the east.
In his book of Sirah, Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar said; "Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to Bani An-Nadir to ask them for financial help to pay the blood money of the two men from Bani `Amir, who were killed by `Amr bin Umayyah Ad-Damri.
They had a promise of safe passage from the Prophet according to the ( subnarrator ) Yazid bin Ruman.
Bani An-Nadir and Bani `Amir had a treaty and were allies.
When Allah's Messenger ﷺ went to Bani An-Nadir asking them for help to pay the blood money for the two men, they said, `Yes, O Abu Al-Qasim! We will help you, since you asked us for help.' Yet, when they met each other in secret, they said, `You will not find a better chance with this man than this,' while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting next to a wall of one of their houses.
They said, `Who will ascend this wall and drop a stone on this man and rid us of his trouble' `Amr bin Jihash bin Ka`b volunteered and ascended the wall of the house to drop a stone on the Messenger .
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting with several of his Companions, such as Abu Bakr, `Umar and `Ali.
The news of this plot was conveyed to the Prophet from heaven, and he stood up and went back to Al-Madinah.
When the Companions thought that the Messenger was absent for a long time, they went to see where he was and saw a man coming from Al-Madinah.
They asked him, and he said that he saw the Prophet enter Al-Madinah.
The Messenger's Companions went to him, and he told them the news of the betraying plot that the Jews planned against him.
He ordered them to prepare for war and to march forth to Bani An-Nadir.
The Prophet gathered his forces and marched to the area of Bani An-Nadir, who had taken refuge in their fortified forts.
The Messenger ﷺ ordered their date trees be cut down and burned.
The Jews heralded at the Prophet, `O Muhammad! You used to forbid mischief in the earth and blame those who did it.
Why is it that you had the date trees cut down and burned' Meanwhile, `Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, Wadi`ah, Malik bin Abi Qawqal, Suwayd, Da`is and several other men who all belonged to the tribe of Al-Khazraj bin Bani `Awf, sent a message to Bani An-Nadir saying, `Be firm and strong.
We will never abandon you.
If you are fought against, we will fight along with you and if you are forced to leave Al-Madinah, we will accompany you.' The Jews waited for this claim of support, but the hypocrites did not deliver.
Allah cast terror in the hearts of the Jews.
They asked the Messenger to allow them safe passage out of Al-Madinah and to spare their lives.
In return, they would only take what their camels could carry, except for weapons.
The Prophet agreed.
The Jews collected all the wealth their camels could transport.
One of the Jews would demolish his own house around its door, so that he could carry the door on the back of his camel.
Bani An-Nadir moved to Khaybar, and some of them went to Ash-Sham.
They left all that remained behind for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who had control over how it was to be divided.
The Prophet divided it between the emigrants and none of Al-Ansar got a share, except for Sahl bin Hunayf and Abu Dujanah Simak bin Kharashah.
They said that they were poor and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave them their share.
Only two men from Bani An-Nadir embraced Islam, Yamin bin Umayr bin Ka`b bin `Amr bin Jihash and Abu Sa`d bin Wahb and they saved their wealth due to their acceptance of Islam." Ibn Ishaq continued, "Some of the offspring of Yamin narrated to me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Yamin,
«أَلَمْ تَرَ مَا لَقِيتُ مِنَ ابْنِ عَمِّكَ وَمَا هَمَّ بِهِ مِنْ شَأْنِي؟»
( Have you not heard what your cousin plotted to do against me ) Yamin bin `Umayr promised someone a reward if he killed his cousin `Amr bin Jihash, and someone killed him, according to their claim" Ibn Ishaq then said, "All of Surat Al-Hashr was revealed about Bani An-Nadir.
" A similar story was recorded by Yunus bin Bukayr from Ibn Ishaq.
Allah's statement, هُوَ الَّذِى أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ ( He it is Who drove out the disbelievers among the People of the Scripture ) refers to Bani An-Nadir, مِن دِيَـرِهِمْ لاًّوَّلِ الْحَشْرِ ( from their homes at the first gathering. ) Allah said, مَا ظَنَنتُمْ أَن يَخْرُجُواْ ( You did not think that they would get out. ) i.e., within the few days you laid siege against them.
The Companions had surrounded their forts for only six days, and their forts were fortified and formidable.
This is why Allah the Exalted said, وَظَنُّواْ أَنَّهُمْ مَّانِعَتُهُمْ حُصُونُهُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ فَأَتَـهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَحْتَسِبُواْ ( And they thought that their fortresses would defend them from Allah! But Allah reached them from a place where they expected it not. ) meaning, there came to them from Allah what they did not expect or anticipate.
Allah said in another Ayah, قَدْ مَكَرَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَأَتَى اللَّهُ بُنْيَـنَهُمْ مِّنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ فَخَرَّ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّقْفُ مِن فَوْقِهِمْ وَأَتَـهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لاَ يَشْعُرُونَ ( Those before them indeed plotted, but Allah struck at the foundation of their building, and then the roof fell down upon them, from above them, and the torment overtook them from directions they did not perceive. )( 16:26 ) Allah said, وَقَذَفَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ ( and He cast terror into their hearts ) means, Allah cast fear, terror and fright in their hearts, and why would that not happen to them He who was given victory, by Allah frightening his enemies the distance of a month, laid siege to them.
May Allah's peace and blessings be on the Prophet.
As in Ibn Ishaq's explanation -- which preceded; يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( that they demolished their own dwellings with their own hands and the hands of the believers. ) the Jews brought down what they wanted to transport from their roofs and doors, so that they could carry them on camels.
Similar was said by `Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and several others.
Allah's statement, وَلَوْلاَ أَن كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْجَلاَءَ لَعَذَّبَهُمْ فِى الدُّنْيَا ( And had it not been that Allah had decreed exile for them, He would certainly have punished them in this world; ) meaning, if it was not for the fact that Allah had already decreed that they would evacuate Al-Madinah, leaving behind their homes and wealth, He would have sent another type of punishment upon them, such as being killed and captured.
This was said by Az-Zuhri.
`Urwah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd said that Allah decreed that the Jews would be punished in the life of this world and face the torment of the fire of Hell He prepared for them in the Hereafter.
Allah said, وَلَهُمْ فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ عَذَابُ النَّارِ ( and in the Hereafter theirs shall be the torment of the Fire. ) meaning, it is a matter ordained that they will surely face, ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ شَآقُّواْ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ( That is because they opposed Allah and His Messenger. ) means, Allah prepared this specific punishment and sent His Messenger and his Companions against them, because they defied Allah and His Messenger and denied the good news that Allah sent forth in the Books of previous Messengers regarding the coming of Muhammad ﷺ.
The Jews knew these facts about Muhammad ﷺ just as they knew their own children.
Allah said, وَمَن يُشَآقِّ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ ( And whosoever opposes Allah, then verily, Allah is Severe in punishment. ) The Prophet Cut down the Date Trees of the Jews by the Leave of Allah Allah said, مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِىَ الْفَـسِقِينَ ( What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order that He might disgrace the rebellious. ) Linah is an especially good type of date tree.
Abu `Ubaydah said that Linah is a different kind of dates than `Ajwah and Barni.
Several others said that Linah refers to every type of date fruits, except for the `Ajwah ( ripen dates ), while Ibn Jarir said that it refers to all kinds of date trees.
Ibn Jarir quoted Mujahid saying that it also includes the Buwayrah type.
When the Messenger of Allah laid siege to Bani An-Nadir, to humiliate them and bring fear and terror to their hearts, he ordered their date trees to be cut down.
Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated that Yazid bin Ruman, Qatadah and Muqatil bin Hayyan said, "Bani An-Nadir sent a message to the Messenger , saying that he used to outlaw mischief in the earth, so why did he order that their trees be cut down Allah sent down this honorable Ayah stating that whatever Linah was felled or left intact by the Muslims, has been done by His permission, will, leave and pleasure to humiliate and disgrace the enemy and degrade them." Mujahid said, "Some of the emigrants discouraged others from chopping down the date trees of Jews, saying that they were war spoils for Muslims.
The Qur'an approved of the actions of those who discouraged and those who approved of cutting these trees, stating that those who cut them or did not, did so only by Allah's leave." There is also a Hadith narrated from the Prophet with this meaning.
An-Nasa'i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said about Allah's statement, مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِىَ الْفَـسِقِينَ ( What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order that He might disgrace the rebellious. ) "They forced them to come down from their forts and were ordered to cut their trees cut down.
So the Muslims hesitated, and some of them said, `We cut down some and left some.
We must ask Allah's Messenger ﷺ if we will earn a reward for what we cut and if we will be burdened for what we left intact.' Allah sent down this Ayah, t مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ( What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah )." Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered that the date trees of Bani An-Nadir be cut down and burned.
The Two Sahihs collected a similar narration.
Al-Bukhari recorded that `Abdullah bin `Umar said,"Bani An-Nadir and Bani Qurayzah fought ( against the Prophet ), and the Prophet exiled Bani An-Nadir and allowed Bani Qurayzah to remain in their area until later, when the Prophet fought against Qurayzah.
Their men were executed and their women, children and wealth were confiscated and divided among Muslims.
Some of them, however, were saved because they returned to the Prophet's side, who granted them asylum, and they embraced Islam.
All of the Jews of Al-Madinah, Bani Qaynuqa`, the tribe of `Abdullah bin Salam, Bani Harithah and the rest of the Jewish tribes in Al-Madinah were exiled." The Two Sahihs also recorded from Ibn `Umar that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ burned down the date trees of Bani An-Nadir and had them cut down the date palms of Al-Buwayrah.
Allah the Exalted and Most Honored revealed this Ayah, مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِىَ الْفَـسِقِينَ ( What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order that He might disgrace the rebellious. )" Muhammad bin Ishaq reported that the battle of Bani An-Nadir occurred after the battles of Uhud and Bi'r Ma`unah.

(59:2) He it is Who in the first assault drove forth the People of the Book that disbelieved from their homes *2 at the first gathering of forces. *3 You did not believe that they would leave; while they too thought that their fortresses would defend them against Allah. *4 Then Allah came upon them from whence they did not even imagine, *5 casting such terror into their hearts that they destroyed their homes by their own hands and their destruction was also caused by the hands of the believers. *6 So learn a lesson from this, O you who have perceptive eyes! *7

It is He who expelled the ones meaning

*2) Here, the reader should understand one thing at the outset so as to avoid any confusion about the banishment of the Bani an-Nadir.
The Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) had concluded a formal written treaty with the Bani an-Nadir.
They had not broken this agreement as such that it should have become void But the reason why they were attacked was that after making different kinds of minor violations of it, they at last committed such an offence which amounted to the breach of trust.
That'is, they plotted to kill the leader of the other party to the treaty, i.
e.
the Islamic State of Madinah.
The plot became exposed, and when the were accused of breaking the agreement they could not deny it Thereupon, the Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) told them either to leave Madinah or to be ready for a war.
This notice was in accordance with this injunction of the Qur'an: " If you ever fear treachery from any people, throw their treaty openly before them.
" ( AI-Anfal: 58 ) That is why Allah is describing their exile as His own action, for it was precisely in accordance with Divine Law.
In other words, they were not expelled by the Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) and the Muslims but by Allah Himself.
The other reason why Allah has described their exile as His own action, has been stated in the following verses.

*3) The word hashr in the Text means to gather the scattered individuals to gether or to take out scattered individuals after mustering them together.
Thus, the words li-awwal-il-hashr mean: with the first hashr or on the occasion of the first hashr.
As for the question, what is implied by the first hashr here, the commentators have disputed it.
According to one group it implies the banishment of the Bani an-Nadir from Madinah, and this has been described as their first hashr in the sense that their second hashr took place in the time of Hadrat `Umar, when the Jews and the Christians were expelled from the Arabian peninsula, and the final hashr will take place on the Day of Resurrection.
According to the second group it implies the gathering of the Muslim army together to fight the Bani an-Nadir; and li-awwal-il-hashr means that as soon as the Muslims had gathered together to fight them, and no blood yet had been shed, they, by the manifestation of Allah's power, offered to be banished from Madinah of their own accord.
In other words, these words have been used here in the meaning of " at the very first assault ".
Shah Waliullah has translated it " at the first gathering of the army ".
Shah 'Abdul Qadir has translated it " at the first mustering. " In our opinion this translation very nearly gives the meaning of these words.

*4) To understand this one should keep in mind the fact that the Bani anNadir had been well established here for centuries.
They lived in compact populations outside Madinah without any lien element.
Their settlement was well fortified, which had fortified houses as are generally built in feud-ridden tribal areas.
Then heir numerical strength also equalled that of the Muslims, and inside Madinah itself many of the hypocrites were their supporters..Therefore, the.
Muslims could never expect that they would, even without fighting, be so unnerved by the siege as to leave their homes willingly.
likewise, the Bani an-Nadir also could not have imagined that some power would compel them to leave their homes within six days, Although the Bani Qainuqa' had been expelled before them, and their false pride of valour had proved to be of no avail, they lived in a locality inside Madinah and did not have any separate fortified settlement; therefore, the Bani an-Nadir thought that their inability to withstand the Muslims was not exceptionable, Contrary to this, in view of their own fortified settlement and strongholds they could not imagine that some power could turn them out so easily.
That is why when the Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) served a notice on them to leave Madinah within ten days, they boldly retorted, saying: We are not going to quit: you may do whatever you please."
Here, the question arises: On what basis has AIIah said: 'They were thinking that their fortresses would save them from Allah'.
Did the Bani an-Nadir really know that they were not facing Muhammad bin `Abdullah ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) but AIIah? And did they, in spite of knowing this, think that their fortresses would save them from Allah? .This is a question which would confound every such person who dces not know the psychology of the Jewish people and their centuries-old traditions.
As regards the common men, no one can imagine that despite their knowing consciously that they were facing Allaf, they would Entertain the false hope that their forts and weapons would save them from Allah.
Therefore, an ignorant person would interpret the Divine Word, saying that the Bani an-Nadir in view of the strength of their forts were apparently involved in the misunderstanding that they would remain safe from the Holy Prophet's attack, but in reality they were fighting Allah and from Him their forts could not save them.
But the fact is that the Jews in this world are a strange people, who have been knowingly fighting Allah: they killed the Prophets of Allah knowing them to be His Prophets, and they declared boastfully and arrogantly that they had killed the Prophets of AIIah.
Their traditions say that their great Patriarch, the prophet Jacob, wrestled with Allah throughout the night and Allah could not throw him even till daybreak.
.Then, when at daybreak Allah asked Jacob to let Him go, Jacob replied that he would not let Him go until He blessed him.
Allah asked him his name, and he answer `Jacob Allah said that his name would no longer be Jacob, but Israel, "because you strove with God and with men, and prevailed." ( See Gen.
32: 25-29 in the latest Jewish translation; The Scriptures Scriptures, published by the Jewish Publication Society of America 1954 ).
In the Christian translation of the Bible too this subject has been rendered likewise.
In the footnote of the Jewish translation, "Israel" has been explained as: He who striveth with God.
" In the Cyclopaedia of Biblical Literature the meaning given of Israel" by the Christian scholars is: "Wrestler with God." Then in Hosea ( O.T. ) the Prophet Jacob has been praised thus: "By his strength he had power with God: yea, he had power over the angel, and prevailed.
" ( Ch.
12: 3-4 ).
Now, obviously, the people of Israel are the children of the same Prophet Israel who, according to their faith, had striven with God and wrestled with Him.
For them it is not at all difficult that they should stand firm and fight even God.
On this very basis, they, even according to their own profession, killed the Prophets of God, and under the same false pride they put the Prophet Jesus on the cross and bragged: "We have killed Jesus Christ, son of Mary, Messenger of Allah.
" Therefore, it was not against their traditions that they fought Muhammad ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) despite their knowledge that he was Allah's Messenger.
If not their common people, their rabbis and learned men knew full well that he was the Messenger of AIlah.
The Qur'an itself contains several evidences to this effect.
( For instance, see E:N.'s 79, 95 of Al-Baqarah, E.N.'s 190, 191 of An-Nisa, E.N.'s 70, 73 of As-Saaffat ).

*5) Allah's coming down upon them does not mean that Allah was staying in another place whence He attacked them.
But this i9 a metaphoric expression.
The object is to give the idea that while facing Allah they were thinking that AIIah could chastise them only by bringing an army against them from the front and they were confident that they would resist that force by their fortifications, But Allah attacked them from whence they had not thought it possible; and this was that He made than weak and broke their power of resistance from within after which neither their weapons nor their strongholds could help them.

*6) That is, 'The destruction occurred in two ways: from outside the Muslims besieged them and started demolishing their fortifications, and from within, first they raised obstacles of stone and wood to stop the Muslims from advancing, and for this purpose broke their own houses for the material; then, when they became certain that they would have to vacate the place, they started pulling down their houses, which they had so fondly built and decorated, with their own hands, so as to render them useless for the Muslims Later, when they settled peace with the Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) on the condition that they would be spared their lives but would havc the permission to carry away whatever they could, except the weapons and armour, they started removing the frames of the doors and windows, even pegs; so much so that some people removed the beams and wooden ceilings, which they put upon the back of their camels and left. "
*7) There arc many lessons which one can learn from this event, which have been alluded to in this brief but eloquent sentence These Jews were none other but the followers of the former Prophets: they believed in God, in the Book, in the former Prophets and the Hereafter.
Accordingly, they were the former Muslims.
But when they turned their back on religion and morality and adopted open hostility to the truth only for the sake of their selfish desires and worldly motives and interests, and showed scant regard for their treaties and agreements, Allah's grace was turned away from them, otherwise Allah had no personal enmity with than.
Therefore, first of all, the Muslims themselves havc been admonished to heed their fate and Learn a lesson from it, lest they too should start behaving as if they were the beloved children of God, as the Jews did, and should be involved in the misunderstanding that their being included among the followers of the Last Prophet of God would by itself guarantee for them Allah's bounty and His support, apart from which they were not bound to adhere to any demand of religion and morality.
Besides, those people of the world also havc been asked to learn a lesson from this event, who oppose the truth consciously, and then place reliance upon their wealth and power, their means and resources, thinking that these would save them from the Divine punishment.
The Jews of Madinah were not unaware that the Holy Prophet Muhammad ( upon whom be Allah's peace and blessings ) had not risen for the supremacy of a people or tribe, but he was presenting an ideological invitation the addressees of which were all men, and every man, no matter what race or country he belonged to, could join his Ummah by accepting the invitation, without discrimination or distinction.
They were themselves witnessing that Bilal of Habash, Suhaib of Rome, and Salman of Persia enjoyed the same position and status in the Muslim community as was enjoyed by the people of the Holy Prophet's own house.
Therefore, they were not feeling any danger that the Quraish and the Aus and the Khazrij would gain an upper hand over them.
Nor were they unaware that the ideological invitation that he was presenting was precisely the same as their own Prophets had been presenting.
The Holy Prophet never put forward the claim that he had come with a new religion, unknown to the people, and that the people should give up their former religion and accept his religion ' instead.
But what he claimed was that the religion being presented by him was the same that the Prophets of God had been preaching and presenting since the beginning of creation.
And from their Torah they could themselves confirm that it was actually the same religion, the principles of which were not any different from the principles of the religion of the Prophets.
On the same basis they were told in the Qur'an: Affirm faith in the teaching sent down by Me, which confirms the teaching that you already possess, and you should not be its first deniers." They were also witnessing what character and morals the Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) possessed, and what revolution had taken place in the lives of those who had accepted his message.
For a long time the Ansar of Madinah had been their closest neighbours.
They knew what kind of people they had been before embracing Islam and what they became after their conversion to Islam.
Thus, they were well aware of the invitation, of the inviter and of the results of accepting the invitation.
But in spite of witnessing and knowing all this, only on account of their racial prejudice and worldly interests, they expended aII their energy against the message of truth about which there was no room for doubt at least in their minds.
After such an obvious and open hostility to the trnth they expected that their strongholds would save them from Allah, whereas the whole human history bears evidence that the one who is resisted by the power of God, cannot save and protect himself by any weapon, means or device.

 

Which was revealed in Al-Madinah Ibn `Abbas used to call this chapter, `Surah Bani An-Nadir.' Sa`id bin Mansur recorded that Sa`id bin Jubayr said, "I asked Ibn `Abbas about Surat Al-Hashr and he said, `It was revealed about Bani An-Nadir."' Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded it using another chain of narration from Ibn `Abbas.
Al-Bukhari also recorded it from Abu `Awanah, from Abu Bishr from Sa`id bin Jubayr, who said, "I asked Ibn `Abbas, `Surat Al-Hashr' He said, `Surah Bani An-Nadir."' بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Everything glorifies Allah in its own Way Allah states that everything that exists in the heavens and on the earth praises, glorifies, reveres and prays to Him and affirms His Oneness.
Allah said in another Ayah, تُسَبِّحُ لَهُ السَّمَـوَتُ السَّبْعُ وَالاٌّرْضُ وَمَن فِيهِنَّ وَإِن مِّن شَىْءٍ إِلاَّ يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدَهِ وَلَـكِن لاَّ تَفْقَهُونَ تَسْبِيحَهُمْ ( The seven heavens and the earth and all that is therein, glorify Him and there is not a thing but glorifies His praise.
But you understand not their glorification. )( 17:44 ) Allah's statement, وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ ( And He is the Almighty ) meaning of invincible majesty, الْحَكِيمُ ( the All-Wise. ) in what He decrees and legislates. The End that Bani An-Nadir suffered Allah said, هُوَ الَّذِى أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ ( He it is Who drove out the disbelievers among the People of the Scripture ) referring to the Jewish tribe of Bani An-Nadir, according to Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Az-Zuhri and several others.
When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ migrated to Al-Madinah, he made a peace treaty with the Jews stipulating that he would not fight them and they would not fight him.
They soon betrayed the treaty that they made with Allah's Messenger ﷺ.
Therefore, Allah sent His torment down on them; it can never be averted, and His appointed destiny touched them; it can never be resisted.
The Prophet forced them to evacuate and abandon their fortified forts that Muslims did not think they would ever control.
The Jews thought that their fortifications will save them from Allah's torment, but they did not help them against Allah in the least.
Then, that which they did not expect came to them from Allah, and Allah's Messenger ﷺ forced them to leave Al-Madinah.
Some of them went to Adhri`at in the area of Ash-Sham, which is the area of the grand Gathering and Resurrection, while others went to Khaybar.
The Prophet allowed them to evacuate their forts and take whatever their camels could carry.
They destroyed the property that they could not carry.
This is why Allah the Exalted said, يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاعْتَبِرُواْ يأُوْلِى الاٌّبْصَـرِ ( they demolished their own dwellings with their own hands and the hands of the believers Then take admonition, O you with eyes. ) meaning, "Contemplate the end of those who defied Allah's command, contradicted His Messenger and denied His Book.
See how Allah's humiliating torment struck them in this life, as well as, the painful torment that Allah has reserved for them in the Hereafter." Abu Dawud recorded that `Abdur-Rahman bin Ka`b bin Malik said that one of the Prophet's Companions said, "The Quraysh idolators wrote to `Abdullah bin Ubayy and those who were still worshipping idols among the tribes of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj.
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was in Al-Madinah at the time, before the battle of Badr occurred.
They wrote: `You have given refuge to our citizen.
We swear by Allah, you should fight him, or we will expel you or gather all our forces, until we kill your soldiers and take your women captive.' When the news of this threat reached `Abdullah bin Ubayy and the idolators of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj, they prepared to fight the Prophet .
The news of this reached the Prophet and he went to them saying, «لَقَدْ بَلَغَ وَعِيدُ قُرَيْشٍ مِنْكُمُ الْمَبَالِغَ، مَا كَانَتْ تَكِيدُكُمْ بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا تُرِيدُ أَن تَكِيدُوا بِهِ أَنْفُسَكُمْ، تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تُقَاتِلُوا أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَإِخْوَانَكُم» ( The threat of the Quraysh has caused you extreme anxiety! The Quraysh cannot cause you more harm than what you will cause yourselves by your actions.
Do you want to fight your children and brethren ) When they heard these words from the Prophet , they dis- persed and the news of what happened reached the Quraysh idolators.
After the battle of Badr, the Quraysh idolators wrote to the Jews of Al-Madinah, `You have armor and forts! You should fight our citizen or we will do such and such to you, and nothing will prevent us from acquiring your women.'The news of this letter also reached the Prophet and Bani An-Nadir intended to betray their treaty.
Bani An-Nadir sent a message to the Prophet asking him to come with thirty of his Companions to meet thirty of their rabbis half way, from either side.
They said that the rabbis would listen to the Prophet and if they believe in him, the rest of Bani An-Nadir would believe.
They intended to kill the Messenger , and Allah informed His Messenger of this plot before they could harm him.
The next day, the Prophet gathered his forces and laid siege to their area, saying to them, «إِنَّكُمْ وَاللهِ لَا تَأْمَنُونَ عِنْدِي إِلَّا بِعَهْدٍ تُعَاهِدُونَنِي عَلَيْه» ( By Allah ! You will not be safe until and unless you renew your peace treaty with me. ) They refused to do so, and the Prophet fought them the rest of that day.
The next morning, the Prophet laid siege to the tribe of Bani Qurayzah and left Bani An-Nadir alone that day.
The Prophet ordered Bani Qurayzah to sign a new treaty of peace, and they accepted.
The Prophet left Bani Qurayzah and went back to Bani An-Nadir with his forces and fought them until they agreed to surrender in return for safe passage out of Al-Madinah.
Bani An-Nadir evacuated Al-Madinah and took with them all whatever their camels could carry from their furniture, including even the wood and the doors to their houses.
The date trees of Bani An-Nadir were granted to the Messenger by Allah when He said, وَمَآ أَفَآءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَآ أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلاَ رِكَابٍ ( And what Allah gave as booty to His Messenger from them -- for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry ) that is, what you earned without a fight.
The Prophet divided most of their trees between the emigrants and gave to only two men who were poor from Al-Ansar.
He did not give the Ansar any of it, except for these two men.
The Prophet kept a part of the war booty for himself and that part of charity of the Prophet was transferred to the administration of his daughter's children, i.e., children of Fatimah." However, let us summarize the battle of Bani An-Nadir here.
From Allah alone we seek help. The Reason behind the Battle of Bani An-Nadir After the seventy Companions whom the Prophet sent to teach the Qur'an were killed at the area of Bi'r Ma`unah, excluding `Amr bin Umayyah Ad-Damri, who killed two men from the tribe of Bani `Amir on his way back to Al-Madinah.
He did not know that these two men had a promise of safe passage from Allah's Messenger ﷺ.
When he went back to Al-Madinah, he told the Prophet what happened and the Prophet said, «لَقَدْ قَتَلْتَ رَجُلَيْنِ لَأَدِيَنَّهُمَا» ( You have killed two men, I shall pay the blood money for them. ) Bani An-Nadir and Bani `Amir were allies and had treaties.
The Prophet asked Bani An-Nadir to help pay the blood money for the two dead men.
The area of Bani An-Nadir was in a suburb of Al-Madinah, a few miles to the east.
In his book of Sirah, Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar said; "Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to Bani An-Nadir to ask them for financial help to pay the blood money of the two men from Bani `Amir, who were killed by `Amr bin Umayyah Ad-Damri.
They had a promise of safe passage from the Prophet according to the ( subnarrator ) Yazid bin Ruman.
Bani An-Nadir and Bani `Amir had a treaty and were allies.
When Allah's Messenger ﷺ went to Bani An-Nadir asking them for help to pay the blood money for the two men, they said, `Yes, O Abu Al-Qasim! We will help you, since you asked us for help.' Yet, when they met each other in secret, they said, `You will not find a better chance with this man than this,' while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting next to a wall of one of their houses.
They said, `Who will ascend this wall and drop a stone on this man and rid us of his trouble' `Amr bin Jihash bin Ka`b volunteered and ascended the wall of the house to drop a stone on the Messenger .
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting with several of his Companions, such as Abu Bakr, `Umar and `Ali.
The news of this plot was conveyed to the Prophet from heaven, and he stood up and went back to Al-Madinah.
When the Companions thought that the Messenger was absent for a long time, they went to see where he was and saw a man coming from Al-Madinah.
They asked him, and he said that he saw the Prophet enter Al-Madinah.
The Messenger's Companions went to him, and he told them the news of the betraying plot that the Jews planned against him.
He ordered them to prepare for war and to march forth to Bani An-Nadir.
The Prophet gathered his forces and marched to the area of Bani An-Nadir, who had taken refuge in their fortified forts.
The Messenger ﷺ ordered their date trees be cut down and burned.
The Jews heralded at the Prophet, `O Muhammad! You used to forbid mischief in the earth and blame those who did it.
Why is it that you had the date trees cut down and burned' Meanwhile, `Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, Wadi`ah, Malik bin Abi Qawqal, Suwayd, Da`is and several other men who all belonged to the tribe of Al-Khazraj bin Bani `Awf, sent a message to Bani An-Nadir saying, `Be firm and strong.
We will never abandon you.
If you are fought against, we will fight along with you and if you are forced to leave Al-Madinah, we will accompany you.' The Jews waited for this claim of support, but the hypocrites did not deliver.
Allah cast terror in the hearts of the Jews.
They asked the Messenger to allow them safe passage out of Al-Madinah and to spare their lives.
In return, they would only take what their camels could carry, except for weapons.
The Prophet agreed.
The Jews collected all the wealth their camels could transport.
One of the Jews would demolish his own house around its door, so that he could carry the door on the back of his camel.
Bani An-Nadir moved to Khaybar, and some of them went to Ash-Sham.
They left all that remained behind for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who had control over how it was to be divided.
The Prophet divided it between the emigrants and none of Al-Ansar got a share, except for Sahl bin Hunayf and Abu Dujanah Simak bin Kharashah.
They said that they were poor and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave them their share.
Only two men from Bani An-Nadir embraced Islam, Yamin bin Umayr bin Ka`b bin `Amr bin Jihash and Abu Sa`d bin Wahb and they saved their wealth due to their acceptance of Islam." Ibn Ishaq continued, "Some of the offspring of Yamin narrated to me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Yamin, «أَلَمْ تَرَ مَا لَقِيتُ مِنَ ابْنِ عَمِّكَ وَمَا هَمَّ بِهِ مِنْ شَأْنِي؟» ( Have you not heard what your cousin plotted to do against me ) Yamin bin `Umayr promised someone a reward if he killed his cousin `Amr bin Jihash, and someone killed him, according to their claim" Ibn Ishaq then said, "All of Surat Al-Hashr was revealed about Bani An-Nadir.
" A similar story was recorded by Yunus bin Bukayr from Ibn Ishaq.
Allah's statement, هُوَ الَّذِى أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ ( He it is Who drove out the disbelievers among the People of the Scripture ) refers to Bani An-Nadir, مِن دِيَـرِهِمْ لاًّوَّلِ الْحَشْرِ ( from their homes at the first gathering. ) Allah said, مَا ظَنَنتُمْ أَن يَخْرُجُواْ ( You did not think that they would get out. ) i.e., within the few days you laid siege against them.
The Companions had surrounded their forts for only six days, and their forts were fortified and formidable.
This is why Allah the Exalted said, وَظَنُّواْ أَنَّهُمْ مَّانِعَتُهُمْ حُصُونُهُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ فَأَتَـهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَحْتَسِبُواْ ( And they thought that their fortresses would defend them from Allah! But Allah reached them from a place where they expected it not. ) meaning, there came to them from Allah what they did not expect or anticipate.
Allah said in another Ayah, قَدْ مَكَرَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَأَتَى اللَّهُ بُنْيَـنَهُمْ مِّنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ فَخَرَّ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّقْفُ مِن فَوْقِهِمْ وَأَتَـهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لاَ يَشْعُرُونَ ( Those before them indeed plotted, but Allah struck at the foundation of their building, and then the roof fell down upon them, from above them, and the torment overtook them from directions they did not perceive. )( 16:26 ) Allah said, وَقَذَفَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ ( and He cast terror into their hearts ) means, Allah cast fear, terror and fright in their hearts, and why would that not happen to them He who was given victory, by Allah frightening his enemies the distance of a month, laid siege to them.
May Allah's peace and blessings be on the Prophet.
As in Ibn Ishaq's explanation -- which preceded; يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( that they demolished their own dwellings with their own hands and the hands of the believers. ) the Jews brought down what they wanted to transport from their roofs and doors, so that they could carry them on camels.
Similar was said by `Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and several others.
Allah's statement, وَلَوْلاَ أَن كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْجَلاَءَ لَعَذَّبَهُمْ فِى الدُّنْيَا ( And had it not been that Allah had decreed exile for them, He would certainly have punished them in this world; ) meaning, if it was not for the fact that Allah had already decreed that they would evacuate Al-Madinah, leaving behind their homes and wealth, He would have sent another type of punishment upon them, such as being killed and captured.
This was said by Az-Zuhri.
`Urwah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd said that Allah decreed that the Jews would be punished in the life of this world and face the torment of the fire of Hell He prepared for them in the Hereafter.
Allah said, وَلَهُمْ فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ عَذَابُ النَّارِ ( and in the Hereafter theirs shall be the torment of the Fire. ) meaning, it is a matter ordained that they will surely face, ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ شَآقُّواْ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ( That is because they opposed Allah and His Messenger. ) means, Allah prepared this specific punishment and sent His Messenger and his Companions against them, because they defied Allah and His Messenger and denied the good news that Allah sent forth in the Books of previous Messengers regarding the coming of Muhammad ﷺ.
The Jews knew these facts about Muhammad ﷺ just as they knew their own children.
Allah said, وَمَن يُشَآقِّ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ ( And whosoever opposes Allah, then verily, Allah is Severe in punishment. ) The Prophet Cut down the Date Trees of the Jews by the Leave of Allah Allah said, مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِىَ الْفَـسِقِينَ ( What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order that He might disgrace the rebellious. ) Linah is an especially good type of date tree.
Abu `Ubaydah said that Linah is a different kind of dates than `Ajwah and Barni.
Several others said that Linah refers to every type of date fruits, except for the `Ajwah ( ripen dates ), while Ibn Jarir said that it refers to all kinds of date trees.
Ibn Jarir quoted Mujahid saying that it also includes the Buwayrah type.
When the Messenger of Allah laid siege to Bani An-Nadir, to humiliate them and bring fear and terror to their hearts, he ordered their date trees to be cut down.
Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated that Yazid bin Ruman, Qatadah and Muqatil bin Hayyan said, "Bani An-Nadir sent a message to the Messenger , saying that he used to outlaw mischief in the earth, so why did he order that their trees be cut down Allah sent down this honorable Ayah stating that whatever Linah was felled or left intact by the Muslims, has been done by His permission, will, leave and pleasure to humiliate and disgrace the enemy and degrade them." Mujahid said, "Some of the emigrants discouraged others from chopping down the date trees of Jews, saying that they were war spoils for Muslims.
The Qur'an approved of the actions of those who discouraged and those who approved of cutting these trees, stating that those who cut them or did not, did so only by Allah's leave." There is also a Hadith narrated from the Prophet with this meaning.
An-Nasa'i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said about Allah's statement, مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِىَ الْفَـسِقِينَ ( What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order that He might disgrace the rebellious. ) "They forced them to come down from their forts and were ordered to cut their trees cut down.
So the Muslims hesitated, and some of them said, `We cut down some and left some.
We must ask Allah's Messenger ﷺ if we will earn a reward for what we cut and if we will be burdened for what we left intact.' Allah sent down this Ayah, t مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ( What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah )." Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered that the date trees of Bani An-Nadir be cut down and burned.
The Two Sahihs collected a similar narration.
Al-Bukhari recorded that `Abdullah bin `Umar said,"Bani An-Nadir and Bani Qurayzah fought ( against the Prophet ), and the Prophet exiled Bani An-Nadir and allowed Bani Qurayzah to remain in their area until later, when the Prophet fought against Qurayzah.
Their men were executed and their women, children and wealth were confiscated and divided among Muslims.
Some of them, however, were saved because they returned to the Prophet's side, who granted them asylum, and they embraced Islam.
All of the Jews of Al-Madinah, Bani Qaynuqa`, the tribe of `Abdullah bin Salam, Bani Harithah and the rest of the Jewish tribes in Al-Madinah were exiled." The Two Sahihs also recorded from Ibn `Umar that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ burned down the date trees of Bani An-Nadir and had them cut down the date palms of Al-Buwayrah.
Allah the Exalted and Most Honored revealed this Ayah, مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِىَ الْفَـسِقِينَ ( What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order that He might disgrace the rebellious. )" Muhammad bin Ishaq reported that the battle of Bani An-Nadir occurred after the battles of Uhud and Bi'r Ma`unah.

( He it is Who hath caused those of the People of the Scripture who disbelieved ) i.e. Banu’l-Nadir ( to go forth from their homes ) and fortresses ( unto the first exile ) because they are the first to be gathered and exiled from Medina to Historic Syria, and specifically to Jericho and Adhri’at, as a result of breaking their covenants with the Prophet ( pbuh ) after the battle of Uhud. ( Ye deemed not ) you did not have any hope, O group of believers, ( that they ) i.e. Banu’l-Nadir ( would go forth ) from Medina to Historic Syria, ( while they ) the Banu’l-Nadir ( deemed that their strongholds ) their fortresses ( would protect them from Allah ) from Allah’s chastisement. ( But Allah reached them ) Allah punished them and humiliated them through the killing of Ka’b Ibn al-Ashraf ( from a place whereof they reckoned not ) they did not think that Ka’b Ibn al-Ashraf would be killed nor did they have any fear regarding this, ( and cast terror in their hearts ) fear from Muhammad ( pbuh ) and his Companions, when they did not fear them at all before this ( so that they ruined their houses ) some of their houses ( with their own hands ) and throw its stones on the believers ( and the hands of the believers ) and they left some of their homes to the believers who destroyed them and threw their stones at them. ( So learn a lesson, O ye who have eyes! ) learn a lesson, O you who have insight in Religion, from what Allah has done to them concerning their exile.

He it is Who drove out the disbelievers among the people of the Scripture (i.e. the Jews of the tribe of Bani An-Nadir) from their homes at the first gathering. You did not think that they would get out. And they thought that their fortresses would defend them from Allah! But Allah's (Torment) reached them from a place whereof they expected it not, and He cast terror into their hearts, so that they destroyed their own dwellings with their own hands and the hands of the believers. Then take admonition, O you with eyes (to see).

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