Surah Al Isra ayat 28 Tafsir Quran 17:28

﴿وَإِمَّا تُعْرِضَنَّ عَنْهُمُ ابْتِغَاءَ رَحْمَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّكَ تَرْجُوهَا فَقُل لَّهُمْ قَوْلًا مَّيْسُورًا﴾
[ الإسراء: 28]

17:28 And if you [must] turn away from the needy awaiting mercy from your Lord which you expect, then speak to them a gentle word.

But if you have to overlook them that is the kinsmen and the others mentioned and do not give to them seeking mercy from your Lord a mercy which you expect in the future that is you do not give to them because of a request for provision which you are waiting to come to you from your Lord before you give to them then speak to them gentle words pleasant and reasonable words promising them that you will give to them when the provision from God arrives.

But if you happen to keep away from those of them who are needy in expectation of Allahs mercy to help you be helpful to them, then let your dissertation with them, until then, be a sweet discourse

The Command to maintain the Ties of Kinship and the Prohibition of Extravagance When Allah mentions honoring one's parents, He follows this with the command to treat one's relatives well and to maintain the ties of kinship.
According to the Hadith:
«أُمَّكَ وَأَبَاكَ، ثُمَّ أَدْنَاكَ أَدْنَاك»
وفي رواية
«ثُمَّ الْأَقْرَبَ فَالْأَقْرَب»
( Your mother and your father, then your closest relatives and the next closest. ) According to another Hadith:
«مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُبْسَطَ لَهُ فِي رِزْقِهِ وَيُنْسَأَ لَهُ فِي أَجَلِهِ، فَلْيَصِلْ رَحِمَه»
( Whoever would like to see his provision expanded and his life extended, let him maintain his ties of kinship. ) وَلاَ تُبَذِّرْ تَبْذِيرًا ( But spend not wastefully (your wealth ) in the manner of a spendthrift.) When Allah commands spending, He forbids extravagance.
Spending should be moderate, as stated in another Ayah: وَالَّذِينَ إِذَآ أَنفَقُواْ لَمْ يُسْرِفُواْ وَلَمْ يَقْتُرُواْ ( And those who, when they spend, are neither extravagant nor stingy ).
25:67 Then He says, to discourage extravagance: إِنَّ الْمُبَذرِينَ كَانُواْ إِخْوَنَ الشَّيَـطِينِ ( Verily, the spendthrifts are brothers of the Shayatin, ) They have this trait in common.
Ibn Mas`ud said: "This refers spending extravagantly when it is not appropriate." Ibn `Abbas said likewise.
Mujahid said: "If a man spends all his wealth on appropriate things, then he is not a spendthrift, but if he spends a little inappropriately, then he is a spendthrift." Qatadah said: "Extravagance means spending money on sin in disobeying Allah, and on wrongful and corrupt things." Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas bin Malik said: "A man came from Banu Tamim to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: `O Messenger of Allah, I have a lot of wealth, I have a family, children, and the refinements of city life, so tell me how I should spend and what I should do.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
«تُخْرِجُ الزَّكَاةَ مِنْ مَالِكَ إِنْ كَانَ، فَإِنَّهَا طُهْرَةٌ تُطَهِّرُكَ، وَتَصِلُ أَقْرِبَاءَكَ، وَتَعْرِفُ حَقَّ السَّائِلِ وَالْجَارِ وَالْمِسْكِين»
( Pay the Zakah on your wealth if any is due, for it is purification that will make you pure, maintain your ties of kinship, pay attention to the rights of beggars, neighbors and the poor. ) He said: `O Messenger of Allah, make it less for me.' He recited: وَءَاتِ ذَا الْقُرْبَى حَقَّهُ وَالْمِسْكِينَ وَابْنَ السَّبِيلِ وَلاَ تُبَذِّرْ تَبْذِيرًا ( And give to the kinsman his due, and to the Miskin (poor ) and to the wayfarer.
But spend not wastefully in the manner of a spendthrift.) The man said, `That is enough for me, O Messenger of Allah.
If I pay Zakah to your messenger, will I be absolved of that duty before Allah and His Messenger' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
«نَعَمْ، إِذَا أَدَّيْتَهَا إِلَى رَسُولِي فَقَدْ بَرِئْتَ مِنْهَا وَلَكَ أَجْرُهَا، وَإِثْمُهَا عَلَى مَنْ بَدَّلَهَا»
( Yes, if you give it to my messenger, you will have fulfilled it, and you will have the reward for it, and the sin is on the one who changes it. )" إِنَّ الْمُبَذرِينَ كَانُواْ إِخْوَنَ الشَّيَـطِينِ ( Verily, the spendthrifts are brothers of the Shayatin, ) meaning, they are their brothers in extravagance, foolishness, failing to obey Allah and committing sin.
Allah said: وَكَانَ الشَّيْطَـنُ لِرَبِّهِ كَفُورًا ( and the Shaytan is ever ungrateful to his Lord. ) meaning, he is an ingrate, because he denied the blessings of Allah and did not obey Him, turning instead to disobedience and rebellion. وَإِمَّا تُعْرِضَنَّ عَنْهُمُ ابْتِغَآءَ رَحْمَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّكَ ( And if you turn away from them and you are awaiting a mercy from your Lord ) `If your relatives and those to whom We have commanded you to give, ask you for something, and you do not have anything, and you turn away from them because you have nothing to give, فَقُل لَّهُمْ قَوْلاً مَّيْسُورًا ( then, speak unto them a soft, kind word. ) meaning, with a promise.
This was the opinion of Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and others.

(17:28) (5) If you have to put them (the needy persons) off because you are still waiting for Allah's favour that you are expecting, put them off with tenderness. *28

And if you [must] turn away from meaning

*28) These three articles ( 3-5 ) are meant to impress that a man should not reserve his earnings and his wealth exclusively for his own person.
He should do his utmost to fulfil his own necessities of life in a moderate way and render the rights of his relatives, neighbours and other needy persons as well.
This attitude will help create the spirit of cooperation, sympathy and justice in the collective Islamic life.
Thus every relative will cooperate with the other and every well-to-do person will help the needy in Iris neighbourhood and a wayfarer would find himself an honourable guest among generous hosts.
The conception of rights should be so extensive that every person should consider that aII other human beings have rights on his person and his property so that he should serve them with the idea that he is rendering their rights and is not doing any favour to them.
In that case one would beg pardon of the other if one was unable to serve him and would pray to God to send his blessings upon him to enable him to serve His servants.

These articles of the Islamic Manifesto were not merely confined to moral teachings but these formed the basis of the Commandments of Zakat and voluntary charity.
The laws of inheritance and of making will and endowments were based on these articles.
The rights of the orphans were determined by these and it was made obligatory on every habitation to entertain a wayfarer gratis for at least three days.
Subsequently the whole moral system was formed so as to create the feelings of generosity, sympathy and cooperation.
So much so that the people began to realize the importance of and observe voluntarily the moral rights which could neither be demanded legally nor enforced by law.

 

The Command to maintain the Ties of Kinship and the Prohibition of Extravagance When Allah mentions honoring one's parents, He follows this with the command to treat one's relatives well and to maintain the ties of kinship.
According to the Hadith: «أُمَّكَ وَأَبَاكَ، ثُمَّ أَدْنَاكَ أَدْنَاك» وفي رواية «ثُمَّ الْأَقْرَبَ فَالْأَقْرَب» ( Your mother and your father, then your closest relatives and the next closest. ) According to another Hadith: «مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُبْسَطَ لَهُ فِي رِزْقِهِ وَيُنْسَأَ لَهُ فِي أَجَلِهِ، فَلْيَصِلْ رَحِمَه» ( Whoever would like to see his provision expanded and his life extended, let him maintain his ties of kinship. ) وَلاَ تُبَذِّرْ تَبْذِيرًا ( But spend not wastefully (your wealth ) in the manner of a spendthrift.) When Allah commands spending, He forbids extravagance.
Spending should be moderate, as stated in another Ayah: وَالَّذِينَ إِذَآ أَنفَقُواْ لَمْ يُسْرِفُواْ وَلَمْ يَقْتُرُواْ ( And those who, when they spend, are neither extravagant nor stingy ).
25:67 Then He says, to discourage extravagance: إِنَّ الْمُبَذرِينَ كَانُواْ إِخْوَنَ الشَّيَـطِينِ ( Verily, the spendthrifts are brothers of the Shayatin, ) They have this trait in common.
Ibn Mas`ud said: "This refers spending extravagantly when it is not appropriate." Ibn `Abbas said likewise.
Mujahid said: "If a man spends all his wealth on appropriate things, then he is not a spendthrift, but if he spends a little inappropriately, then he is a spendthrift." Qatadah said: "Extravagance means spending money on sin in disobeying Allah, and on wrongful and corrupt things." Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas bin Malik said: "A man came from Banu Tamim to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: `O Messenger of Allah, I have a lot of wealth, I have a family, children, and the refinements of city life, so tell me how I should spend and what I should do.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «تُخْرِجُ الزَّكَاةَ مِنْ مَالِكَ إِنْ كَانَ، فَإِنَّهَا طُهْرَةٌ تُطَهِّرُكَ، وَتَصِلُ أَقْرِبَاءَكَ، وَتَعْرِفُ حَقَّ السَّائِلِ وَالْجَارِ وَالْمِسْكِين» ( Pay the Zakah on your wealth if any is due, for it is purification that will make you pure, maintain your ties of kinship, pay attention to the rights of beggars, neighbors and the poor. ) He said: `O Messenger of Allah, make it less for me.' He recited: وَءَاتِ ذَا الْقُرْبَى حَقَّهُ وَالْمِسْكِينَ وَابْنَ السَّبِيلِ وَلاَ تُبَذِّرْ تَبْذِيرًا ( And give to the kinsman his due, and to the Miskin (poor ) and to the wayfarer.
But spend not wastefully in the manner of a spendthrift.) The man said, `That is enough for me, O Messenger of Allah.
If I pay Zakah to your messenger, will I be absolved of that duty before Allah and His Messenger' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «نَعَمْ، إِذَا أَدَّيْتَهَا إِلَى رَسُولِي فَقَدْ بَرِئْتَ مِنْهَا وَلَكَ أَجْرُهَا، وَإِثْمُهَا عَلَى مَنْ بَدَّلَهَا» ( Yes, if you give it to my messenger, you will have fulfilled it, and you will have the reward for it, and the sin is on the one who changes it. )" إِنَّ الْمُبَذرِينَ كَانُواْ إِخْوَنَ الشَّيَـطِينِ ( Verily, the spendthrifts are brothers of the Shayatin, ) meaning, they are their brothers in extravagance, foolishness, failing to obey Allah and committing sin.
Allah said: وَكَانَ الشَّيْطَـنُ لِرَبِّهِ كَفُورًا ( and the Shaytan is ever ungrateful to his Lord. ) meaning, he is an ingrate, because he denied the blessings of Allah and did not obey Him, turning instead to disobedience and rebellion. وَإِمَّا تُعْرِضَنَّ عَنْهُمُ ابْتِغَآءَ رَحْمَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّكَ ( And if you turn away from them and you are awaiting a mercy from your Lord ) `If your relatives and those to whom We have commanded you to give, ask you for something, and you do not have anything, and you turn away from them because you have nothing to give, فَقُل لَّهُمْ قَوْلاً مَّيْسُورًا ( then, speak unto them a soft, kind word. ) meaning, with a promise.
This was the opinion of Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and others.

( But if thou turn away from them ) if you turn away from your kinsmen and the needy because of diffidence and mercy, ( seeking mercy from thy Lord ) waiting for the mercy of your Lord, ( for which thou hope ) to come to you; it is also said that this means: if you are waiting for some wealth to come to you, ( then speak unto them a reasonable word ) promise them kindly that you will give them something in the future.

And if you (O Muhammad SAW) turn away from them (kindred, poor, wayfarer, etc. whom We have ordered you to give their rights, but if you have no money at the time they ask you for it) and you are awaiting a mercy from your Lord for which you hope, then, speak unto them a soft kind word (i.e. Allah will give me and I shall give you).

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