Surah Quraysh ayat 4 Tafsir Quran 106:4

﴿الَّذِي أَطْعَمَهُم مِّن جُوعٍ وَآمَنَهُم مِّنْ خَوْفٍ﴾
[ قريش: 4]

106:4 Who has fed them, [saving them] from hunger and made them safe, [saving them] from fear.

Who has fed them against that is on account of hunger and made them secure from that is on account of fear they used to suffer hunger in Mecca due to the lack of crops and they feared the army of the Elephant.

He saved them from hunger and gave them the security they longed for

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. This Surah has been separated from the one that preceded it in the primary Mushaf (the original copy They ( the Companions ) wrote "In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful" on the line ( i.e., the space ) between these two Surahs.
They did this even though this Surah is directly related to the one which precedes it, as Muhammad bin Ishaq and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam have both clarified.
This is because the meaning of both of them is, "We have prevented the Elephant from entering Makkah and We have destroyed its people in order to gather ( Ilaf ) the Quraysh, which means to unite them and bring them together safely in their city." It has also been said that the meaning of this ( Ilaf ) is what they would gather during their journey in the winter to Yemen and in the summer to Ash-Sham through trade and other than that.
Then they would return to their city in safety during their journeys due to the respect that the people had for them because they were the residents of Allah's sanctuary.
Therefore, whoever knew them would honor them.
Even those who came to them and traveled with them, would be safe because of them.
This was their situation during their journeys and travels during their winter and summer.
In reference to their living in the city, then it is as Allah said, أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْاْ أَنَّا جَعَلْنَا حَرَماً ءامِناً وَيُتَخَطَّفُ النَّاسُ مِنْ حَوْلِهِمْ ( Have they not seen that We have made it a secure sanctuary, while men are being snatched away from all around them ) ( 29:67 ) Thus, Allah says, لإِيلَـفِ قُرَيْشٍ إِيلَـفِهِمْ ( For the Ilaf of the Quraysh.
Their Ilaf ) This is a subject that has been transferred from the first sentence in order to give it more explanation.
Thus, Allah says, إِيلَـفِهِمْ رِحْلَةَ الشِّتَآءِ وَالصَّيْفِ ( Their Ilaf caravans, in winter and in summer. ) Ibn Jarir said, "The correct opinion is that the letter Lam is a prefix that shows amazement.
It is as though He ( Allah ) is saying, `You should be amazed at the uniting ( or taming ) of the Quraysh and My favor upon them in that."' He went on to say, "This is due to the consensus of the Muslims that they are two separate and independent Surahs." Then Allah directs them to be grateful for this magnificent favor in His saying, فَلْيَعْبُدُواْ رَبَّ هَـذَا الْبَيْتِ ( So, let them worship the Lord of this House. ) meaning, then let them single Him out for worship, just as He has given them a safe sanctuary and a Sacred House.
This is as Allah says, إِنَّمَآ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ رَبِّ هَذِهِ الْبَلْدَةِ الَّذِى حَرَّمَهَا وَلَهُ كُلُّ شَىءٍ وَأُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ( I have been commanded only to worship the Lord of this city, Who has sanctified it and to Whom belongs everything.
And I am commanded to be from among the Muslims. ) ( 27:91 ) Then Allah says, الَّذِى أَطْعَمَهُم مِّن جُوعٍ ( Who has fed them against hunger, ) meaning, He is the Lord of the House and He is the One Who feeds them against hunger. وَءَامَنَهُم مِّنْ خوْفٍ ( And has made them safe from fear. ) meaning, He favors them with safety and gentleness, so they should single Him out for worship alone, without any partner.
They should not worship any idol, rival or statue besides Him.
Therefore, whoever accepts this command, Allah will give him safety in both this life and the Hereafter.
However, whoever disobeys Him, He will remove both of them from him.
This is as Allah says, وَضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلاً قَرْيَةً كَانَتْ ءَامِنَةً مُّطْمَئِنَّةً يَأْتِيهَا رِزْقُهَا رَغَدًا مِّن كُلِّ مَكَانٍ فَكَفَرَتْ بِأَنْعُمِ اللَّهِ فَأَذَاقَهَا اللَّهُ لِبَاسَ الْجُوعِ وَالْخَوْفِ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَصْنَعُونَ - وَلَقَدْ جَآءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مِّنْهُمْ فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَخَذَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ وَهُمْ ظَـلِمُونَ ( And Allah puts forward the example of a township, that dwelt secure and well-content: its provision coming to it in abundance from every place, but it denied the favors of Allah.
So, Allah made it taste extreme of hunger and fear, because of that which they used to do.
And verily, there had come unto them a Messenger from among themselves, but they denied him, so the torment overtook them while they were wrongdoers. ) ( 16:112-113 ) This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Quraysh, and all praise and thanks are due to Allah.

(106:4) Who fed them against hunger, *4 and secured them against fear. *5

Who has fed them, [saving them] from meaning

*4) The allusion implies that before the Quraish came to Makkah, they were a scattered people in Arabia and living miserable lives.
After their gathering together in Makkah they began to prosper, and the Prophet Abraham's prayer for them was literally fulfilled when he had prayed: " Lord, I have settled some of my descendents in a barren valley near Thy sacred House.
Lord, I have done this in the hope that they will establish salat there.
So turn the hearts of the people towards them, and provide fruits for their food. " ( Ibrahim: 37 )
*5) " Secure against fear " : secure from the fear from which no one anywhere in Arabia was, safe.
There was no settlement anywhere in the country the people of which could sleep peacefully at night, for they feared an attack any time from any quarter by some unknown enemy.
No one could step out of the bounds of his tribe for fear of life or of being taken prisoner and made a slave.
No caravan could travel safely from fear of attack, or without bribing influential chiefs of the tribes' on the way for safe conduct, But the Quraish were immune from every danger; they had no fear of an attack from an enemy.
Their caravans, small or big, freely passed on the trade routes everywhere in the country.
As soon as it become known about a certain caravan that it belonged to the keepers of the Ka`bah, no one could dare touch it with an evil intention, so much so that even if a single Quraishite was passing on the way, he was allowed to pass unharmed and untouched as soon as the word haram " or "ana min haramillah " was heard from him.

Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. This Surah has been separated from the one that preceded it in the primary Mushaf (the original copy They ( the Companions ) wrote "In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful" on the line ( i.e., the space ) between these two Surahs.
They did this even though this Surah is directly related to the one which precedes it, as Muhammad bin Ishaq and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam have both clarified.
This is because the meaning of both of them is, "We have prevented the Elephant from entering Makkah and We have destroyed its people in order to gather ( Ilaf ) the Quraysh, which means to unite them and bring them together safely in their city." It has also been said that the meaning of this ( Ilaf ) is what they would gather during their journey in the winter to Yemen and in the summer to Ash-Sham through trade and other than that.
Then they would return to their city in safety during their journeys due to the respect that the people had for them because they were the residents of Allah's sanctuary.
Therefore, whoever knew them would honor them.
Even those who came to them and traveled with them, would be safe because of them.
This was their situation during their journeys and travels during their winter and summer.
In reference to their living in the city, then it is as Allah said, أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْاْ أَنَّا جَعَلْنَا حَرَماً ءامِناً وَيُتَخَطَّفُ النَّاسُ مِنْ حَوْلِهِمْ ( Have they not seen that We have made it a secure sanctuary, while men are being snatched away from all around them ) ( 29:67 ) Thus, Allah says, لإِيلَـفِ قُرَيْشٍ إِيلَـفِهِمْ ( For the Ilaf of the Quraysh.
Their Ilaf ) This is a subject that has been transferred from the first sentence in order to give it more explanation.
Thus, Allah says, إِيلَـفِهِمْ رِحْلَةَ الشِّتَآءِ وَالصَّيْفِ ( Their Ilaf caravans, in winter and in summer. ) Ibn Jarir said, "The correct opinion is that the letter Lam is a prefix that shows amazement.
It is as though He ( Allah ) is saying, `You should be amazed at the uniting ( or taming ) of the Quraysh and My favor upon them in that."' He went on to say, "This is due to the consensus of the Muslims that they are two separate and independent Surahs." Then Allah directs them to be grateful for this magnificent favor in His saying, فَلْيَعْبُدُواْ رَبَّ هَـذَا الْبَيْتِ ( So, let them worship the Lord of this House. ) meaning, then let them single Him out for worship, just as He has given them a safe sanctuary and a Sacred House.
This is as Allah says, إِنَّمَآ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ رَبِّ هَذِهِ الْبَلْدَةِ الَّذِى حَرَّمَهَا وَلَهُ كُلُّ شَىءٍ وَأُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ( I have been commanded only to worship the Lord of this city, Who has sanctified it and to Whom belongs everything.
And I am commanded to be from among the Muslims. ) ( 27:91 ) Then Allah says, الَّذِى أَطْعَمَهُم مِّن جُوعٍ ( Who has fed them against hunger, ) meaning, He is the Lord of the House and He is the One Who feeds them against hunger. وَءَامَنَهُم مِّنْ خوْفٍ ( And has made them safe from fear. ) meaning, He favors them with safety and gentleness, so they should single Him out for worship alone, without any partner.
They should not worship any idol, rival or statue besides Him.
Therefore, whoever accepts this command, Allah will give him safety in both this life and the Hereafter.
However, whoever disobeys Him, He will remove both of them from him.
This is as Allah says, وَضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلاً قَرْيَةً كَانَتْ ءَامِنَةً مُّطْمَئِنَّةً يَأْتِيهَا رِزْقُهَا رَغَدًا مِّن كُلِّ مَكَانٍ فَكَفَرَتْ بِأَنْعُمِ اللَّهِ فَأَذَاقَهَا اللَّهُ لِبَاسَ الْجُوعِ وَالْخَوْفِ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَصْنَعُونَ - وَلَقَدْ جَآءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مِّنْهُمْ فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَخَذَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ وَهُمْ ظَـلِمُونَ ( And Allah puts forward the example of a township, that dwelt secure and well-content: its provision coming to it in abundance from every place, but it denied the favors of Allah.
So, Allah made it taste extreme of hunger and fear, because of that which they used to do.
And verily, there had come unto them a Messenger from among themselves, but they denied him, so the torment overtook them while they were wrongdoers. ) ( 16:112-113 ) This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Quraysh, and all praise and thanks are due to Allah.

( Who hath fed them against hunger ) which lasted seven years; and it is also said this means: Who sufficed them the burden of hunger and travelling in winter and summer, because they used to make two trips a year, one in winter to Yemen and one in summer to Historic Syria, and so Allah sufficed them the burden of doing so ( and hath made them safe from fear ) of the enemy lest he attacks them; and it is also said: from the fear of the Negus and his host who wanted to destroy the Ka’bah; this surah is also in conjunction with the previous surah’.

(He) Who has fed them against hunger, and has made them safe from fear.

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