Surah Tawbah ayat 29 Tafsir Quran 9:29

﴿قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلَا يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حَتَّىٰ يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَن يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ﴾
[ التوبة: 29]

9:29 Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth from those who were given the Scripture - [fight] until they give the jizyah willingly while they are humbled.

Fight those who do not believe in God nor in the Last Day for otherwise they would have believed in the Prophet s and who do not forbid what God and His Messenger have forbidden such as wine nor do they practise the religion of truth the firm one the one that abrogated other religions namely the religion of Islam — from among of those who min ‘from’ explains the previous alladhīna ‘those who’ have been given the Scripture namely the Jews and the Christians until they pay the jizya tribute the annual tax imposed them readily ‘an yadin is a circumstantial qualifier meaning ‘compliantly’ or ‘by their own hands’ not delegating it to others to pay being subdued being made submissive and compliant to the authority of Islam.

Fight those who deny Allah and the Day of judgement among Ahl AL-Kitab (people of the Book); they do not exclude what Allah and His Messenger have forbidden, nor do they conform to Allahs system of faith and worship, the system of divine truth. Fight them the good fight of faith until they pay tribute in acknowledgement of submission (to supply revenue -like the Muslims- so the State)

Idolators are no longer allowed into Al-Masjid Al-Haram Allah commands His believing servants, who are pure in religion and person, to expel the idolators who are filthy in the religious sense, from Al-Masjid Al-Haram.
After the revelation of this Ayah, idolators were no longer allowed to go near the Masjid.
This Ayah was revealed in the ninth year of Hijrah.
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent `Ali in the company of Abu Bakr that year to publicize to the idolators that no Mushrik will be allowed to perform Hajj after that year, nor a naked person allowed to perform Tawaf around the House.
Allah completed this decree, made it a legislative ruling, as well as, a fact of reality.
`Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Jabir bin `Abdullah commented on the Ayah, إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ فَلاَ يَقْرَبُواْ الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَـذَا ( O you who believe! Verily, the Mushrikin are impure.
So let them not come near Al-Masjid Al-Haram after this year ) "Unless it was a servant or one of the people of Dhimmah." Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza'i said, "Umar bin `Abdul-`Aziz wrote ( to his governors ) to prevent Jews and Christians from entering the Masjids of Muslims, and he followed his order with Allah's statement, إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ ( Verily, the Mushrikin are impure. ) `Ata' said, "All of the Sacred Area the Haram is considered a Masjid, for Allah said, فَلاَ يَقْرَبُواْ الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَـذَا ( So let them not come near Al-Masjid Al-Haram (at Makkah ) after this year.)" This Ayah indicates that idolators are impure and that the believers are pure.
In the Sahih is the following,
«الْمُؤْمِنُ لَا يَنْجُس»
( The believer does not become impure. ) Allah said, وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ عَيْلَةً فَسَوْفَ يُغْنِيكُمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ ( and if you fear poverty, Allah will enrich you, out of His bounty. ) Muhammad bin Ishaq commented, "The people said, `Our markets will be closed, our commerce disrupted, and what we earned will vanish.' So Allah revealed this verse, وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ عَيْلَةً فَسَوْفَ يُغْنِيكُمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ ( and if you fear poverty, Allah will enrich you, out of His bounty ), from other resources, إِن شَآءَ ( if He wills ), until, وَهُمْ صَـغِرُونَ ( .
..and feel themselves subdued. ) This Ayah means, `this will be your compensation for the closed markets that you feared would result.' Therefore, Allah compensated them for the losses they incurred because they severed ties with idolators, by the Jizyah they earned from the People of the Book." Similar statements were reported from Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Qatadah and Ad-Dahhak and others.
Allah said, إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ ( Surely, Allah is All-Knowing ), in what benefits you, حَكِيمٌ ( All-Wise ), in His orders and prohibitions, for He is All-Perfect in His actions and statements, All-Just in His creations and decisions, Blessed and Hallowed be He.
This is why Allah compensated Muslims for their losses by the amount of Jizyah that they took from the people of Dhimmah. The Order to fight People of the Scriptures until They give the Jizyah Allah said, قَـتِلُواْ الَّذِينَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلاَ بِالْيَوْمِ الاٌّخِرِ وَلاَ يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلاَ يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ حَتَّى يُعْطُواْ الْجِزْيَةَ عَن يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَـغِرُونَ ( Fight against those who believe not in Allah, nor in the Last Day, nor forbid that which has been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, and those who acknowledge not the religion of truth among the People of the Scripture, until they pay the Jizyah with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued. ) Therefore, when People of the Scriptures disbelieved in Muhammad , they had no beneficial faith in any Messenger or what the Messengers brought.
Rather, they followed their religions because this conformed with their ideas, lusts and the ways of their forefathers, not because they are Allah's Law and religion.
Had they been true believers in their religions, that faith would have directed them to believe in Muhammad , because all Prophets gave the good news of Muhammad's advent and commanded them to obey and follow him.
Yet when he was sent, they disbelieved in him, even though he is the mightiest of all Messengers.
Therefore, they do not follow the religion of earlier Prophets because these religions came from Allah, but because these suit their desires and lusts.
Therefore, their claimed faith in an earlier Prophet will not benefit them because they disbelieved in the master, the mightiest, the last and most perfect of all Prophets .
Hence Allah's statement, قَـتِلُواْ الَّذِينَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلاَ بِالْيَوْمِ الاٌّخِرِ وَلاَ يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلاَ يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ ( Fight against those who believe not in Allah, nor in the Last Day, nor forbid that which has been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, and those who acknowledge not the religion of truth among the People of the Scripture, ) This honorable Ayah was revealed with the order to fight the People of the Book, after the pagans were defeated, the people entered Allah's religion in large numbers, and the Arabian Peninsula was secured under the Muslims' control.
Allah commanded His Messenger to fight the People of the Scriptures, Jews and Christians, on the ninth year of Hijrah, and he prepared his army to fight the Romans and called the people to Jihad announcing his intent and destination.
The Messenger ﷺ sent his intent to various Arab areas around Al-Madinah to gather forces, and he collected an army of thirty thousand.
Some people from Al-Madinah and some hypocrites, in and around it, lagged behind, for that year was a year of drought and intense heat.
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched, heading towards Ash-Sham to fight the Romans until he reached Tabuk, where he set camp for about twenty days next to its water resources.
He then prayed to Allah for a decision and went back to Al-Madinah because it was a hard year and the people were weak, as we will mention, Allah willing. Paying Jizyah is a Sign of Kufr and Disgrace Allah said, حَتَّى يُعْطُواْ الْجِزْيَةَ ( until they pay the Jizyah ), if they do not choose to embrace Islam, عَن يَدٍ ( with willing submission ), in defeat and subservience, وَهُمْ صَـغِرُونَ ( and feel themselves subdued. ), disgraced, humiliated and belittled.
Therefore, Muslims are not allowed to honor the people of Dhimmah or elevate them above Muslims, for they are miserable, disgraced and humiliated.
Muslim recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said,
«لَا تَبْدَءُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى بِالسَّلَامِ، وَإِذَا لَقِيتُمْ أَحَدَهُمْ فِي طَرِيقٍ فَاضْطَرُّوهُ إِلَى أَضْيَقِه»
( Do not initiate the Salam to the Jews and Christians, and if you meet any of them in a road, force them to its narrowest alley. ) This is why the Leader of the faithful `Umar bin Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, demanded his well-known conditions be met by the Christians, these conditions that ensured their continued humiliation, degradation and disgrace.
The scholars of Hadith narrated from `Abdur-Rahman bin Ghanm Al-Ash`ari that he said, "I recorded for `Umar bin Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, the terms of the treaty of peace he conducted with the Christians of Ash-Sham: `In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
This is a document to the servant of Allah `Umar, the Leader of the faithful, from the Christians of such and such city.
When you ( Muslims ) came to us we requested safety for ourselves, children, property and followers of our religion.
We made a condition on ourselves that we will neither erect in our areas a monastery, church, or a sanctuary for a monk, nor restore any place of worship that needs restoration nor use any of them for the purpose of enmity against Muslims.
We will not prevent any Muslim from resting in our churches whether they come by day or night, and we will open the doors of our houses of worship for the wayfarer and passerby.
Those Muslims who come as guests, will enjoy boarding and food for three days.
We will not allow a spy against Muslims into our churches and homes or hide deceit or betrayal against Muslims.
We will not teach our children the Qur'an, publicize practices of Shirk, invite anyone to Shirk or prevent any of our fellows from embracing Islam, if they choose to do so.
We will respect Muslims, move from the places we sit in if they choose to sit in them.
We will not imitate their clothing, caps, turbans, sandals, hairstyles, speech, nicknames and title names, or ride on saddles, hang swords on the shoulders, collect weapons of any kind or carry these weapons.
We will not encrypt our stamps in Arabic, or sell liquor.
We will have the front of our hair cut, wear our customary clothes wherever we are, wear belts around our waist, refrain from erecting crosses on the outside of our churches and demonstrating them and our books in public in Muslim fairways and markets.
We will not sound the bells in our churches, except discretely, or raise our voices while reciting our holy books inside our churches in the presence of Muslims, nor raise our voices with prayer at our funerals, or light torches in funeral processions in the fairways of Muslims, or their markets.
We will not bury our dead next to Muslim dead, or buy servants who were captured by Muslims.
We will be guides for Muslims and refrain from breaching their privacy in their homes.' When I gave this document to `Umar, he added to it, `We will not beat any Muslim.
These are the conditions that we set against ourselves and followers of our religion in return for safety and protection.
If we break any of these promises that we set for your benefit against ourselves, then our Dhimmah ( promise of protection ) is broken and you are allowed to do with us what you are allowed of people of defiance and rebellion."'

(9:29Fight with those from among the people of the Book, who do not believe in Allah nor in the Last Day; *26 who do not make unlawful that which Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful, *27 and do not adopt the Right way as their way. (Fight with themuntil they pay Jizyah with their own hands and are humbled. *28

Fight those who do not believe in meaning

*26) Though the people of the Book professed to believe in Allah and the Hereafter, in fact they believed in neither.
For only that person really believes in Allah who acknowledges Him as the only One God and the only One Lord, and does not associate with Him any other, whatsoever, in His Being, in His characteristics, in His rights and in His powers and authority.
But according to this definition of shirk both the Christians and the Jews were guilty of shirk as has been made plain in the verses that follow: therefore their profession of belief in Allah was meaningless.
Likewise they did not really believe in the Hereafter, in spite of the fact that they believed in Resurrection.
For it is not enough: one must also believe that on that Day absolute justice will be done on the basis of one's belief and actions.
One should also believe that no ransom and no expiation and no 'spiritual' relationships with any 'saint' shall be of any avail on that Day.
It is absolutely meaningless to believe in the Hereafter without this.
And the Jews and the Christians had polluted their faiths because they believed that such things would protect them against justice on that Day.

*27) The second reason why Jihad should be waged against them is drat they did not adopt the Law sent down by Allah through His Messenger.

*28) This is the aim of Jihad with the Jews and the Christians and it is not to force them to become Muslims and adopt the `Islamic Way of Life.' They should be forced to pay Jizyah in order to put an end to their independence and supremacy so that they should not remain rulers and sovereigns in the land.
These powers should be wrested from them by the followers of the true Faith, who should assume the sovereignty and lead others towards the Right Way, while they should become their subjects and pay jizyah.
jizyah is paid by those non-Muslims who live as Zimmis ( proteges ) in an Islamic State, in exchange for the security and protection granted to them by it.
This is also symbolical of the fact that they themselves agree to live in it as its subjects.
This is the significance of " .....
they Pay jizyah with their own hands, " that is, " with full consent so that they willingly become the subjects of the Believers, who perform the duty of the vicegerents of AIIah on the earth.
"
At first this Command applied only to the Jews and the Christians.
Then the Holy Prophet himself extended it to the Zoroastrians also.
After his death, his Companions unanimously applied this rule to all the non-Muslim nations outside Arabia.

This is jizyah " of which the Muslims have been feeling apologetic during the last two centuries of their degeneration and there are still some people who continue to apologize for it.
But the Way of Allah is straight and clear and does trot stand in need of any apology to the rebels against AIIah.
Instead of offering apologies on behalf of Islam for the measure that guarantees security of life, property and faith to those who choose to live under its protection, the Muslims should feel proud of such a humane law as that of jizyah.
For it is obvious that the maximum freedom that can be allowed to those who do not adopt the Way of AIIah but choose to tread the ways of error is that they should be tolerated to lead the life they like.
That is why the Islamic State offers them protection, if they agree to live as its Zimmis by paying jizyah, but it cannot allow that they should remain supreme rulers in any place and establish wrong ways and impose them on others.
As this state of things inevitably produces chaos and disorder, it is the duty of the true Muslims to exert their utmost to bring to an end their wicked rule and bring them under a righteous order.

As regards the question, "What do the non-Muslims get in return for Jizyah " it may suffice to say that it is the price of the freedom which the Islamic State allows them in following their erroneous ways, while living in the jurisdiction of Islam and enjoying its protection.
The money thus collected is spent in maintaining the righteous administration that gives them the freedom and protects their rights.
This also serves as a yearly reminder to them that they have been deprived of the honour of paying Zakat in the Way of Allah, and forced to pay jizyah instead as a price of following the ways of error.

 

Idolators are no longer allowed into Al-Masjid Al-Haram Allah commands His believing servants, who are pure in religion and person, to expel the idolators who are filthy in the religious sense, from Al-Masjid Al-Haram.
After the revelation of this Ayah, idolators were no longer allowed to go near the Masjid.
This Ayah was revealed in the ninth year of Hijrah.
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent `Ali in the company of Abu Bakr that year to publicize to the idolators that no Mushrik will be allowed to perform Hajj after that year, nor a naked person allowed to perform Tawaf around the House.
Allah completed this decree, made it a legislative ruling, as well as, a fact of reality.
`Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Jabir bin `Abdullah commented on the Ayah, إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ فَلاَ يَقْرَبُواْ الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَـذَا ( O you who believe! Verily, the Mushrikin are impure.
So let them not come near Al-Masjid Al-Haram after this year ) "Unless it was a servant or one of the people of Dhimmah." Imam Abu `Amr Al-Awza'i said, "Umar bin `Abdul-`Aziz wrote ( to his governors ) to prevent Jews and Christians from entering the Masjids of Muslims, and he followed his order with Allah's statement, إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ ( Verily, the Mushrikin are impure. ) `Ata' said, "All of the Sacred Area the Haram is considered a Masjid, for Allah said, فَلاَ يَقْرَبُواْ الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَـذَا ( So let them not come near Al-Masjid Al-Haram (at Makkah ) after this year.)" This Ayah indicates that idolators are impure and that the believers are pure.
In the Sahih is the following, «الْمُؤْمِنُ لَا يَنْجُس» ( The believer does not become impure. ) Allah said, وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ عَيْلَةً فَسَوْفَ يُغْنِيكُمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ ( and if you fear poverty, Allah will enrich you, out of His bounty. ) Muhammad bin Ishaq commented, "The people said, `Our markets will be closed, our commerce disrupted, and what we earned will vanish.' So Allah revealed this verse, وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ عَيْلَةً فَسَوْفَ يُغْنِيكُمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ ( and if you fear poverty, Allah will enrich you, out of His bounty ), from other resources, إِن شَآءَ ( if He wills ), until, وَهُمْ صَـغِرُونَ ( .
..and feel themselves subdued. ) This Ayah means, `this will be your compensation for the closed markets that you feared would result.' Therefore, Allah compensated them for the losses they incurred because they severed ties with idolators, by the Jizyah they earned from the People of the Book." Similar statements were reported from Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Qatadah and Ad-Dahhak and others.
Allah said, إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ ( Surely, Allah is All-Knowing ), in what benefits you, حَكِيمٌ ( All-Wise ), in His orders and prohibitions, for He is All-Perfect in His actions and statements, All-Just in His creations and decisions, Blessed and Hallowed be He.
This is why Allah compensated Muslims for their losses by the amount of Jizyah that they took from the people of Dhimmah. The Order to fight People of the Scriptures until They give the Jizyah Allah said, قَـتِلُواْ الَّذِينَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلاَ بِالْيَوْمِ الاٌّخِرِ وَلاَ يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلاَ يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ حَتَّى يُعْطُواْ الْجِزْيَةَ عَن يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَـغِرُونَ ( Fight against those who believe not in Allah, nor in the Last Day, nor forbid that which has been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, and those who acknowledge not the religion of truth among the People of the Scripture, until they pay the Jizyah with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued. ) Therefore, when People of the Scriptures disbelieved in Muhammad , they had no beneficial faith in any Messenger or what the Messengers brought.
Rather, they followed their religions because this conformed with their ideas, lusts and the ways of their forefathers, not because they are Allah's Law and religion.
Had they been true believers in their religions, that faith would have directed them to believe in Muhammad , because all Prophets gave the good news of Muhammad's advent and commanded them to obey and follow him.
Yet when he was sent, they disbelieved in him, even though he is the mightiest of all Messengers.
Therefore, they do not follow the religion of earlier Prophets because these religions came from Allah, but because these suit their desires and lusts.
Therefore, their claimed faith in an earlier Prophet will not benefit them because they disbelieved in the master, the mightiest, the last and most perfect of all Prophets .
Hence Allah's statement, قَـتِلُواْ الَّذِينَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلاَ بِالْيَوْمِ الاٌّخِرِ وَلاَ يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلاَ يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ ( Fight against those who believe not in Allah, nor in the Last Day, nor forbid that which has been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, and those who acknowledge not the religion of truth among the People of the Scripture, ) This honorable Ayah was revealed with the order to fight the People of the Book, after the pagans were defeated, the people entered Allah's religion in large numbers, and the Arabian Peninsula was secured under the Muslims' control.
Allah commanded His Messenger to fight the People of the Scriptures, Jews and Christians, on the ninth year of Hijrah, and he prepared his army to fight the Romans and called the people to Jihad announcing his intent and destination.
The Messenger ﷺ sent his intent to various Arab areas around Al-Madinah to gather forces, and he collected an army of thirty thousand.
Some people from Al-Madinah and some hypocrites, in and around it, lagged behind, for that year was a year of drought and intense heat.
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched, heading towards Ash-Sham to fight the Romans until he reached Tabuk, where he set camp for about twenty days next to its water resources.
He then prayed to Allah for a decision and went back to Al-Madinah because it was a hard year and the people were weak, as we will mention, Allah willing. Paying Jizyah is a Sign of Kufr and Disgrace Allah said, حَتَّى يُعْطُواْ الْجِزْيَةَ ( until they pay the Jizyah ), if they do not choose to embrace Islam, عَن يَدٍ ( with willing submission ), in defeat and subservience, وَهُمْ صَـغِرُونَ ( and feel themselves subdued. ), disgraced, humiliated and belittled.
Therefore, Muslims are not allowed to honor the people of Dhimmah or elevate them above Muslims, for they are miserable, disgraced and humiliated.
Muslim recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said, «لَا تَبْدَءُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى بِالسَّلَامِ، وَإِذَا لَقِيتُمْ أَحَدَهُمْ فِي طَرِيقٍ فَاضْطَرُّوهُ إِلَى أَضْيَقِه» ( Do not initiate the Salam to the Jews and Christians, and if you meet any of them in a road, force them to its narrowest alley. ) This is why the Leader of the faithful `Umar bin Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, demanded his well-known conditions be met by the Christians, these conditions that ensured their continued humiliation, degradation and disgrace.
The scholars of Hadith narrated from `Abdur-Rahman bin Ghanm Al-Ash`ari that he said, "I recorded for `Umar bin Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, the terms of the treaty of peace he conducted with the Christians of Ash-Sham: `In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
This is a document to the servant of Allah `Umar, the Leader of the faithful, from the Christians of such and such city.
When you ( Muslims ) came to us we requested safety for ourselves, children, property and followers of our religion.
We made a condition on ourselves that we will neither erect in our areas a monastery, church, or a sanctuary for a monk, nor restore any place of worship that needs restoration nor use any of them for the purpose of enmity against Muslims.
We will not prevent any Muslim from resting in our churches whether they come by day or night, and we will open the doors of our houses of worship for the wayfarer and passerby.
Those Muslims who come as guests, will enjoy boarding and food for three days.
We will not allow a spy against Muslims into our churches and homes or hide deceit or betrayal against Muslims.
We will not teach our children the Qur'an, publicize practices of Shirk, invite anyone to Shirk or prevent any of our fellows from embracing Islam, if they choose to do so.
We will respect Muslims, move from the places we sit in if they choose to sit in them.
We will not imitate their clothing, caps, turbans, sandals, hairstyles, speech, nicknames and title names, or ride on saddles, hang swords on the shoulders, collect weapons of any kind or carry these weapons.
We will not encrypt our stamps in Arabic, or sell liquor.
We will have the front of our hair cut, wear our customary clothes wherever we are, wear belts around our waist, refrain from erecting crosses on the outside of our churches and demonstrating them and our books in public in Muslim fairways and markets.
We will not sound the bells in our churches, except discretely, or raise our voices while reciting our holy books inside our churches in the presence of Muslims, nor raise our voices with prayer at our funerals, or light torches in funeral processions in the fairways of Muslims, or their markets.
We will not bury our dead next to Muslim dead, or buy servants who were captured by Muslims.
We will be guides for Muslims and refrain from breaching their privacy in their homes.' When I gave this document to `Umar, he added to it, `We will not beat any Muslim.
These are the conditions that we set against ourselves and followers of our religion in return for safety and protection.
If we break any of these promises that we set for your benefit against ourselves, then our Dhimmah ( promise of protection ) is broken and you are allowed to do with us what you are allowed of people of defiance and rebellion."'

( Fight against such of those who have been given the Scripture ) the Jews and Christians ( as believe not in Allah nor the Last Day ) nor in the bliss of Paradise, ( and forbid not ) in the Torah ( that which Allah hath forbidden by His messenger, and follow not the religion of truth ) do not submit themselves to Allah through confession of Allah’s divine Oneness, ( until they pay the tribute readily ) standing: from hand to hand, ( being brought low ) abased.

Fight against those who (1) believe not in Allah, (2) nor in the Last Day, (3) nor forbid that which has been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger (4) and those who acknowledge not the religion of truth (i.e. Islam) among the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians), until they pay the Jizyah with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.

Page 191 English transliteration