Surah Bayyinah ayat 4 Tafsir Quran 98:4

﴿وَمَا تَفَرَّقَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ إِلَّا مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ﴾
[ البينة: 4]

98:4 Nor did those who were given the Scripture become divided until after there had come to them clear evidence.

And those who were given the Scripture did not become divided regarding belief in him the Prophet s except after the clear proof had come to them namely the Prophet s — or the Qur’ān which he brought as his miracle. Before his s arrival they had all agreed to believe in him when he would come; then those who disbelieved in him from among them became envious of him.

But Ahl AL-Kitab only became divided after they had received this clear divine evidence

Which was revealed in Madina The Messenger of Allah recited this Surah to Ubayy Imam Ahmad recorded from Anas bin Malik that the Messenger of Allah said to Ubayy bin Ka`b,
«إِنَّ اللهَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَقْرَأَ عَلَيْكَ»
لَمْ يَكُنِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ ( Verily, Allah has commanded me to recite to you (Those who disbelieve from among the People of the Scripture. )) Ubayy said, "He ( Allah ) mentioned me by name to you" The Prophet replied,
«نَعَم»
( Yes. ) So he ( Ubayy ) cried.
Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i all recorded this Hadith from Shu`bah. بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Mentioning the Situation of the Disbelievers among the People of the Scripture and the Idolators As for the People of the Scripture, they are the Jews and the Christians, and the idolators are the worshippers of idols and fire among the Arabs and the non-Arabs.
Mujahid said, they are not going مُنفَكِّينَ ( to leave ) "Meaning, they will not be finished until the truth becomes clear to them." Qatadah also said the same thing. حَتَّى تَأْتِيَهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ ( until there came to them the Bayyinah. ) meaning, this Qur'an.
This is why Allah says, لَمْ يَكُنِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ مُنفَكِّينَ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ ( Those who disbelieve from among the People of the Scripture and idolators, were not going to leave until there came to them the Bayyinah. ) Then He explains what the Bayyinah is by His saying, رَسُولٌ مِّنَ اللَّهِ يَتْلُو صُحُفاً مُّطَهَّرَةً ( A Messenger from Allah, reciting purified pages. ) meaning, Muhammad and the Magnificent Qur'an he recites, which is written down among the most high gathering in purified pages.
This is similar to Allah's statement, فَى صُحُفٍ مُّكَرَّمَةٍ - مَّرْفُوعَةٍ مُّطَهَّرَةٍ - بِأَيْدِى سَفَرَةٍ - كِرَامٍ بَرَرَةٍ ( In Records held in honor.
Exalted, purified, in the hands of scribes (angels ).
Honorable and obedient.) ( 80:13-16 ) Then Allah says, فِيهَا كُتُبٌ قَيِّمَةٌ ( Wherein are upright Books. ) Ibn Jarir said, "Meaning in the purified pages are Books from Allah that are upright, just and straight.
They have no mistakes in them because they are from Allah, the Mighty and Majestic." The Differing only occurred after the Knowledge came Allah says, وَمَا تَفَرَّقَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ إِلاَّ مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ ( And the People of the Scripture differed not until after there came to them the Bayyinah. ) This is similar to Allah's statement, وَلاَ تَكُونُواْ كَالَّذِينَ تَفَرَّقُواْ وَاخْتَلَفُواْ مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَهُمُ الْبَيِّنَـتُ وَأُوْلَـئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ ( And be not as those who divided and differed among themselves after the Bayyinat came to them.
It is they for whom there is an awful torment. ) ( 3:105 ) This refers to the people of those divinely revealed Scriptures that were sent down to the nations that were before us.
After Allah established the proofs and evidences against them, they divided and differed concerning that which Allah had intended in their Scriptures, and they had many differences.
This is like what has been reported in a Hadith that has many routes of transmission,
«إِنَّ الْيَهُودَ اخْتَلَفُوا عَلَى إِحْدَى وَسَبْعِينَ فِرْقَةً، وَإِنَّ النَّصَارَى اخْتَلَفُوا عَلى ثِنْتَيْنِ وَسَبْعِينَ فِرْقَةً، وَسَتَفْتَرِقُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةُ عَلَى ثَلَاثٍ وَسَبْعِينَ فِرْقَةً، كُلُّهَا فِي النَّارِ إِلَّا وَاحِدَة»
( Verily, the Jews differed until they became seventy-one sects.
And verily, the Christians differed until they became seventy-two sects.
And this Ummah will divide into seventy-three sects, and all of them will be in the Fire except one. ) They said, "Who are they, O Messenger of Allah" He replied,
«مَا أَنَا عَلَيْهِ وَأَصْحَابِي»
( (Those who are upon ) what I and my Companions are upon.) The Command of Allah was merely that They make their Religion solely for Him Allah says, وَمَآ أُمِرُواْ إِلاَّ لِيَعْبُدُواْ اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ ( And they were commanded not, but that they should worship Allah, making religion purely for Him alone, ) This is similar to Allah's statement, وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلاَّ نُوحِى إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ أَنَاْ فَاعْبُدُونِ ( And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed to him: La ilaha illa Ana. ) ( 21:25 ) Thus, Allah says, حُنَفَآءَ ( Hunafa' ) meaning, avoiding Shirk and being truly devout to Tawhid.
This is like Allah's statement, وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِى كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَّسُولاً أَنِ اعْبُدُواْ اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُواْ الْطَّـغُوتَ ( And Verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming ): "Worship Allah, and avoid the Taghut ( false deities ).") ( 16:36 ) A discussion of the word Hanif has already been mentioned previously and in Surat Al-An`am, so there is no need to repeat it here. وَيُقِيمُواْ الصَّلَوةَ ( and perform Salah ) And this is the best of the physical forms of worship. وَيُؤْتُواْ الزَّكَوةَ ( and give Zakah, ) This is doing good to the poor and the needy. وَذَلِكَ دِينُ القَيِّمَةِ ( and that is the right religion. ) meaning, the upright and just religion, or the nation that is straight and balanced.

(98:4) Nor did those to whom the Book had been given split up until after the Proof (of the Right Way) had come to them. *6

Nor did those who were given the meaning

*6) That is, the reason why the people of the Book before this were divided into countless sects because of different kinds of errors and deviation, was not that Allah had failed to send " a clear evidence " from Himself for their guidance, but the fact that they adopted the wrong way after guidance had come from Allah; therefore, they themselves were responsible for their deviation, for Allah had fulfilled His obligation towards them.
Likewise, since their scriptures are no longer pure and their books no longer consist of original and correct teachings, Allah by sending a Messenger of His, as a clear evidence, with a hallowed Book, containing sound and pure teachings, has again fulfilled His obligation towards them, so that if even after that they remained divided, they themselves should be responsible for it and should have no excuse left to plead before Allah.
This thing has been stated at many places in the Qur'an, e.g.
see AI-Baqarah: 213, 253; AI-`Imran: 19: Al-Ma'idah: 44-50; Yunus: 93; Ash-Shura: 13-I5; Al-Jathiyah: 16-18, along with the corresponding notes for fuller understanding.

 

Which was revealed in Madina The Messenger of Allah recited this Surah to Ubayy Imam Ahmad recorded from Anas bin Malik that the Messenger of Allah said to Ubayy bin Ka`b, «إِنَّ اللهَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَقْرَأَ عَلَيْكَ» لَمْ يَكُنِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ ( Verily, Allah has commanded me to recite to you (Those who disbelieve from among the People of the Scripture. )) Ubayy said, "He ( Allah ) mentioned me by name to you" The Prophet replied, «نَعَم» ( Yes. ) So he ( Ubayy ) cried.
Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i all recorded this Hadith from Shu`bah. بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Mentioning the Situation of the Disbelievers among the People of the Scripture and the Idolators As for the People of the Scripture, they are the Jews and the Christians, and the idolators are the worshippers of idols and fire among the Arabs and the non-Arabs.
Mujahid said, they are not going مُنفَكِّينَ ( to leave ) "Meaning, they will not be finished until the truth becomes clear to them." Qatadah also said the same thing. حَتَّى تَأْتِيَهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ ( until there came to them the Bayyinah. ) meaning, this Qur'an.
This is why Allah says, لَمْ يَكُنِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ مُنفَكِّينَ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ ( Those who disbelieve from among the People of the Scripture and idolators, were not going to leave until there came to them the Bayyinah. ) Then He explains what the Bayyinah is by His saying, رَسُولٌ مِّنَ اللَّهِ يَتْلُو صُحُفاً مُّطَهَّرَةً ( A Messenger from Allah, reciting purified pages. ) meaning, Muhammad and the Magnificent Qur'an he recites, which is written down among the most high gathering in purified pages.
This is similar to Allah's statement, فَى صُحُفٍ مُّكَرَّمَةٍ - مَّرْفُوعَةٍ مُّطَهَّرَةٍ - بِأَيْدِى سَفَرَةٍ - كِرَامٍ بَرَرَةٍ ( In Records held in honor.
Exalted, purified, in the hands of scribes (angels ).
Honorable and obedient.) ( 80:13-16 ) Then Allah says, فِيهَا كُتُبٌ قَيِّمَةٌ ( Wherein are upright Books. ) Ibn Jarir said, "Meaning in the purified pages are Books from Allah that are upright, just and straight.
They have no mistakes in them because they are from Allah, the Mighty and Majestic." The Differing only occurred after the Knowledge came Allah says, وَمَا تَفَرَّقَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ إِلاَّ مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ ( And the People of the Scripture differed not until after there came to them the Bayyinah. ) This is similar to Allah's statement, وَلاَ تَكُونُواْ كَالَّذِينَ تَفَرَّقُواْ وَاخْتَلَفُواْ مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَهُمُ الْبَيِّنَـتُ وَأُوْلَـئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ ( And be not as those who divided and differed among themselves after the Bayyinat came to them.
It is they for whom there is an awful torment. ) ( 3:105 ) This refers to the people of those divinely revealed Scriptures that were sent down to the nations that were before us.
After Allah established the proofs and evidences against them, they divided and differed concerning that which Allah had intended in their Scriptures, and they had many differences.
This is like what has been reported in a Hadith that has many routes of transmission, «إِنَّ الْيَهُودَ اخْتَلَفُوا عَلَى إِحْدَى وَسَبْعِينَ فِرْقَةً، وَإِنَّ النَّصَارَى اخْتَلَفُوا عَلى ثِنْتَيْنِ وَسَبْعِينَ فِرْقَةً، وَسَتَفْتَرِقُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةُ عَلَى ثَلَاثٍ وَسَبْعِينَ فِرْقَةً، كُلُّهَا فِي النَّارِ إِلَّا وَاحِدَة» ( Verily, the Jews differed until they became seventy-one sects.
And verily, the Christians differed until they became seventy-two sects.
And this Ummah will divide into seventy-three sects, and all of them will be in the Fire except one. ) They said, "Who are they, O Messenger of Allah" He replied, «مَا أَنَا عَلَيْهِ وَأَصْحَابِي» ( (Those who are upon ) what I and my Companions are upon.) The Command of Allah was merely that They make their Religion solely for Him Allah says, وَمَآ أُمِرُواْ إِلاَّ لِيَعْبُدُواْ اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ ( And they were commanded not, but that they should worship Allah, making religion purely for Him alone, ) This is similar to Allah's statement, وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلاَّ نُوحِى إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ أَنَاْ فَاعْبُدُونِ ( And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed to him: La ilaha illa Ana. ) ( 21:25 ) Thus, Allah says, حُنَفَآءَ ( Hunafa' ) meaning, avoiding Shirk and being truly devout to Tawhid.
This is like Allah's statement, وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِى كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَّسُولاً أَنِ اعْبُدُواْ اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُواْ الْطَّـغُوتَ ( And Verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming ): "Worship Allah, and avoid the Taghut ( false deities ).") ( 16:36 ) A discussion of the word Hanif has already been mentioned previously and in Surat Al-An`am, so there is no need to repeat it here. وَيُقِيمُواْ الصَّلَوةَ ( and perform Salah ) And this is the best of the physical forms of worship. وَيُؤْتُواْ الزَّكَوةَ ( and give Zakah, ) This is doing good to the poor and the needy. وَذَلِكَ دِينُ القَيِّمَةِ ( and that is the right religion. ) meaning, the upright and just religion, or the nation that is straight and balanced.

( Nor were the People of the Scripture divided ) those who were given the Torah, i.e. Ka’b Ibn al-Ashraf and his host, did not differ about Muhammad ( pbuh ) the Qur’an and Islam ( until after the clear proof came unto them ) until the clarification of what is in their Scripture regarding the traits and description of Muhammad ( pbuh ) came to them.

And the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) differed not until after there came to them clear evidence. (i.e. Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and whatever was revealed to him).

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