Surah Zumar ayat 42 Tafsir Quran 39:42

﴿اللَّهُ يَتَوَفَّى الْأَنفُسَ حِينَ مَوْتِهَا وَالَّتِي لَمْ تَمُتْ فِي مَنَامِهَا ۖ فَيُمْسِكُ الَّتِي قَضَىٰ عَلَيْهَا الْمَوْتَ وَيُرْسِلُ الْأُخْرَىٰ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ﴾
[ الزمر: 42]

39:42 Allah takes the souls at the time of their death, and those that do not die [He takes] during their sleep. Then He keeps those for which He has decreed death and releases the others for a specified term. Indeed in that are signs for a people who give thought.

God takes the souls at the time of their death and He takes those that have not died in their sleep in other words He takes them during sleep. Then He retains those for whom He has ordained death and releases the others until an appointed term that is until the time of their death. The one that is released is the soul that possesses the faculty of discernment without which the soul containing the force of life is able to remain temporarily — but this cannot be the other way round. Truly in that mentioned there are signs indications for a people who reflect and then realise that the One with the power to do this also has the power to resurrect — Quraysh however never reflected on this fact.

Allah disembodies the souls at the time of physical death and during physiological sleep. He detains the soul whose body is destined to die during sleep and sends back the other to embody its material being for a predetermined point of time, a phenomenon and a process highly indicative of Allahs Omnipotence and Mysterious controlling power for those who exercise their intellect and do reflect

إِنَّآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَـبَ ( Verily, We have sent down to you the Book ) meaning, the Qur'an. لِلنَّـاسِ بِالْحَق ( for mankind in truth. ) means, for all of creation, mankind and Jinn, so that he may warn them therewith. فَـمَنِ اهْتَـدَى فَلِنَفْسِهِ ( So, whosoever accepts the guidance, it is only for himself; ) means, the benefit of that will return to him. وَمَن ضَلَّ فَإِنَّمَا يَضِلُّ عَلَيْهَا ( and whosoever goes astray, he goes astray only for his (own ) loss.) means, the consequences of that will return to him. وَمَآ أَنتَ عَلَيْهِم بِوَكِيلٍ ( And you are not a trustee over them.
) means, `you are not responsible for guiding them.' إِنَّمَآ أَنتَ نَذِيرٌ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ وَكِيلٌ ( But you are only a warner.
And Allah is a Trustee over all things ) ( 11:12 ). فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ الْبَلَـغُ وَعَلَيْنَا الْحِسَابُ ( your duty is only to convey and on Us is the reckoning ) ( 13:40 ). Allah is the One Who causes Death and gives Life Then Allah tells us that He is in control of all things and does as He wills.
He causes men to die ( the "greater death" ) when He sends the angels to take men's souls from their bodies, and He causes them to "die a lesser death" when they sleep.
Allah says: وَهُوَ الَّذِى يَتَوَفَّـكُم بِالَّيْلِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا جَرَحْتُم بِالنَّهَارِ ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُكُمْ فِيهِ لِيُقْضَى أَجَلٌ مّسَمًّى ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ مَرْجِعُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ - وَهُوَ الْقَاهِرُ فَوْقَ عِبَادِهِ وَيُرْسِلُ عَلَيْكُم حَفَظَةً حَتَّى إِذَا جَآءَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ تَوَفَّتْهُ رُسُلُنَا وَهُمْ لاَ يُفَرِّطُونَ ( It is He, Who takes your souls by night (when you are asleep ), and has knowledge of all that you have done by day, then He raises ( wakes ) you up again that a term appointed be fulfilled, then ( in the end ) unto Him will be your return.
Then He will inform you of that which you used to do.
He is the Irresistible, over His servants, and He sends guardians ( angels guarding and writing all of one's good and bad deeds ) over you, until when death approaches one of you, Our messengers ( angels ) take his soul, and they never neglect their duty.)( 6:60-61 ).
Here Allah mentions the two deaths, the lesser death then the greater death after it; in the Ayah above ( 39: 42 ), He mentions the greater then the lesser.
Allah says: اللَّهُ يَتَوَفَّى الاٌّنفُسَ حِينَ مِوْتِـهَا وَالَّتِى لَمْ تَمُتْ فِى مَنَامِـهَا فَيُمْسِكُ الَّتِى قَضَى عَلَيْهَا الْمَوْتَ وَيُرْسِلُ الاٍّخْرَى إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى ( It is Allah Who takes away the souls at the time of their death, and those that die not during their sleep.
He keeps those (souls ) for which He has ordained death and sends the rest for a term appointed.) This indicates that they the souls meet in the higher realm, as was stated in the Hadith attributed to the Prophet which was narrated by Ibn Mandah and others.
In the Two Sahihs of Al-Bukhari and Muslim, it is reported that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
«إِذَا أَوَى أَحَدُكُمْ إِلى فِرَاشِهِ فَلْيَنْفُضْهُ بِدَاخِلَةِ إِزَارِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَدْرِي مَا خَلَفَهُ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ لِيَقُلْ: بِاسْمِكَ رَبِّي وَضَعْتُ جَنْبِي، وَبِكَ أَرْفَعُهُ، إِنْ أَمْسَكْتَ نَفْسِي فَارْحَمْهَا، وَإِنْ أَرْسَلْتَهَا فَاحْفَظْهَا بِمَا تَحْفَظُ بِهِ عِبَادَكَ الصَّالِحِين»
( When anyone of you goes to bed, let him brush down the bed with his garment, for he does not know what has come on his bed since he left it.
Then let him say, "In Your Name, O Lord, I lay down my side and in Your Name I raise it up; if You take my soul, have mercy on it, and if You send it back, protect it with that which You protect Your righteous servants." ) فَيُمْسِكُ الَّتِى قَضَى عَلَيْهَا الْمَوْتَ ( He keeps those (souls ) for which He has ordained death) means, those which have died, and He returns the others back for an appointed term.
As-Suddi said, "For the rest of their lives." Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "He keeps the souls of the dead and sends back the souls of the living, and He does not make any mistakes. إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لآيَـتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ ( Verily, in this are signs for a people who think deeply. )

(39:42) It is Allah Who takes away the souls of people at the hour of their death, and takes away at the time of sleep the souls of those that have not died. *60 Then He retains the souls of those against whom He had decreed death and returns the souls of others till an appointed time. Surely there are Signs in this for a people who reflect. *61

Allah takes the souls at the time meaning

*60) " Taking the souls during sleep " implies the suspension of the powers of feeling and consciousness, understanding and will.

*61) By this Allah wants every man to realize how life and death are entirely in His own hand.
No one has the guarantee that he will certainly get up alive in the morning when he goes to sleep at night.
No one knows what disaster could befall him within a moment, and whether the next moment would be a moment of life for him or of death.
At any time, while asleep or awake, in the house or outside it, some unforeseen calamity, from inside his body or from outside, can, suddenly cause his death: Thus, man who is so helpless in the hand of God, .would be foolish if he turned away from the same God or became heedless of Him.

 

إِنَّآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَـبَ ( Verily, We have sent down to you the Book ) meaning, the Qur'an. لِلنَّـاسِ بِالْحَق ( for mankind in truth. ) means, for all of creation, mankind and Jinn, so that he may warn them therewith. فَـمَنِ اهْتَـدَى فَلِنَفْسِهِ ( So, whosoever accepts the guidance, it is only for himself; ) means, the benefit of that will return to him. وَمَن ضَلَّ فَإِنَّمَا يَضِلُّ عَلَيْهَا ( and whosoever goes astray, he goes astray only for his (own ) loss.) means, the consequences of that will return to him. وَمَآ أَنتَ عَلَيْهِم بِوَكِيلٍ ( And you are not a trustee over them.
) means, `you are not responsible for guiding them.' إِنَّمَآ أَنتَ نَذِيرٌ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ وَكِيلٌ ( But you are only a warner.
And Allah is a Trustee over all things ) ( 11:12 ). فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ الْبَلَـغُ وَعَلَيْنَا الْحِسَابُ ( your duty is only to convey and on Us is the reckoning ) ( 13:40 ). Allah is the One Who causes Death and gives Life Then Allah tells us that He is in control of all things and does as He wills.
He causes men to die ( the "greater death" ) when He sends the angels to take men's souls from their bodies, and He causes them to "die a lesser death" when they sleep.
Allah says: وَهُوَ الَّذِى يَتَوَفَّـكُم بِالَّيْلِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا جَرَحْتُم بِالنَّهَارِ ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُكُمْ فِيهِ لِيُقْضَى أَجَلٌ مّسَمًّى ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ مَرْجِعُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ - وَهُوَ الْقَاهِرُ فَوْقَ عِبَادِهِ وَيُرْسِلُ عَلَيْكُم حَفَظَةً حَتَّى إِذَا جَآءَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ تَوَفَّتْهُ رُسُلُنَا وَهُمْ لاَ يُفَرِّطُونَ ( It is He, Who takes your souls by night (when you are asleep ), and has knowledge of all that you have done by day, then He raises ( wakes ) you up again that a term appointed be fulfilled, then ( in the end ) unto Him will be your return.
Then He will inform you of that which you used to do.
He is the Irresistible, over His servants, and He sends guardians ( angels guarding and writing all of one's good and bad deeds ) over you, until when death approaches one of you, Our messengers ( angels ) take his soul, and they never neglect their duty.)( 6:60-61 ).
Here Allah mentions the two deaths, the lesser death then the greater death after it; in the Ayah above ( 39: 42 ), He mentions the greater then the lesser.
Allah says: اللَّهُ يَتَوَفَّى الاٌّنفُسَ حِينَ مِوْتِـهَا وَالَّتِى لَمْ تَمُتْ فِى مَنَامِـهَا فَيُمْسِكُ الَّتِى قَضَى عَلَيْهَا الْمَوْتَ وَيُرْسِلُ الاٍّخْرَى إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى ( It is Allah Who takes away the souls at the time of their death, and those that die not during their sleep.
He keeps those (souls ) for which He has ordained death and sends the rest for a term appointed.) This indicates that they the souls meet in the higher realm, as was stated in the Hadith attributed to the Prophet which was narrated by Ibn Mandah and others.
In the Two Sahihs of Al-Bukhari and Muslim, it is reported that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «إِذَا أَوَى أَحَدُكُمْ إِلى فِرَاشِهِ فَلْيَنْفُضْهُ بِدَاخِلَةِ إِزَارِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَدْرِي مَا خَلَفَهُ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ لِيَقُلْ: بِاسْمِكَ رَبِّي وَضَعْتُ جَنْبِي، وَبِكَ أَرْفَعُهُ، إِنْ أَمْسَكْتَ نَفْسِي فَارْحَمْهَا، وَإِنْ أَرْسَلْتَهَا فَاحْفَظْهَا بِمَا تَحْفَظُ بِهِ عِبَادَكَ الصَّالِحِين» ( When anyone of you goes to bed, let him brush down the bed with his garment, for he does not know what has come on his bed since he left it.
Then let him say, "In Your Name, O Lord, I lay down my side and in Your Name I raise it up; if You take my soul, have mercy on it, and if You send it back, protect it with that which You protect Your righteous servants." ) فَيُمْسِكُ الَّتِى قَضَى عَلَيْهَا الْمَوْتَ ( He keeps those (souls ) for which He has ordained death) means, those which have died, and He returns the others back for an appointed term.
As-Suddi said, "For the rest of their lives." Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "He keeps the souls of the dead and sends back the souls of the living, and He does not make any mistakes. إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لآيَـتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ ( Verily, in this are signs for a people who think deeply. )

( Allah receiveth (men’s ) souls) Allah takes to Himself the souls of people ( at the time of their death ) their sleep, ( and that (soul ) which dieth not ( yet ) in its sleep. He keepeth that ( soul ) for which He hath ordained death and dismisseth the rest till an appointed term. Lo herein) in keeping and releasing souls ( verily are portents ) signs and admonitions ( for people who take thought ) for people who reflect on this.

It is Allah Who takes away the souls at the time of their death, and those that die not during their sleep. He keeps those (souls) for which He has ordained death and sends the rest for a term appointed. Verily, in this are signs for a people who think deeply.

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