Surah Tawbah ayat 49 Tafsir Quran 9:49

﴿وَمِنْهُم مَّن يَقُولُ ائْذَن لِّي وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي ۚ أَلَا فِي الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُوا ۗ وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ﴾
[ التوبة: 49]

9:49 And among them is he who says, "Permit me [to remain at home] and do not put me to trial." Unquestionably, into trial they have fallen. And indeed, Hell will encompass the disbelievers.

And there are some of them who say ‘Grant me leave to stay behind and do not lead me into temptation’ this was al-Jadd b. Qays to whom the Prophet s said ‘Will you do battle against the Byzantines?’ and to which he replied ‘I am infatuated with women and I fear that if I were to see these Byzantine women I shall not be able to stay away from them and be led into temptation’. God exalted be He says Surely they have already fallen into temptation! by staying behind a variant reading for saqatū ‘they have fallen’ has the singular form saqat ‘he has fallen’. And surely Hell shall encompass the disbelievers for whom there shall be no escape therefrom.

Among them is he who asks you O Muhammad to exempt him from participating in the expedition lest he succumbs to temptation; He says to you: Exempt me from this obligation and do not let me fall into temptation. Indeed, into error and impiety, into temptation and turmoil, into insurgency and insurrection of ignorance and into persecution by Heaven have they fallen, and Hell besets the infidels who deny Allah

ائْذَن لِّي ( Grant me leave ), to stay behind, وَلاَ تَفْتِنِّى ( and put me not into trial. ), if I go with you and see the women of the Romans.
Allah, the Exalted, replied, أَلا فِى الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُواْ ( Surely, they have fallen into trial ) because of the statement they uttered.
Muhammad bin Ishaq reported from Az-Zuhri, Yazid bin Ruwman, `Abdullah bin Abi Bakr, `Asim bin Qatadah and several others that they said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Al-Jadd bin Qays from Bani Salimah,
«هَلْ لَكَ يَا جَدُّ الْعَامَ فِي جَلَادِ بَنِي الْأَصْفَرِ؟»
( `Would you like to fight the yellow ones (Romans ) this year) He said, `O Allah's Messenger! Give me permission ( to remain behind ) and do not cause Fitnah for me.
By Allah! My people know that there is not a man who is more fond of women than I.
I fear that if I see the women of the yellow ones, I would not be patient.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned away from him and said,
«قَدْ أَذِنْتُ لَك»
( I give you permission. ) In Al-Jadd's case, this Ayah was revealed, وَمِنْهُمْ مَّن يَقُولُ ائْذَن لِّي وَلاَ تَفْتِنِّى ( And among them is he who says: "Grant me leave and put me not into trial." ) Therefore, Allah says that the Fitnah that he fell into because of not joining the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ( in Jihad ) and preferring his safety to the safety of the Messenger ﷺ is worse than the Fitnah that he falsely claimed to fear." It was reported from Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and several others that this Ayah was revealed in the case of Al-Jadd bin Qays, who was among the chiefs of Bani Salimah.
It is also recorded in the Sahih that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked,
«مَنْ سَيِّدُكُمْ يَا بَنِي سَلَمَةَ؟»
( Who is your chief, O Bani Salamah ) They said, "Al-Jadd bin Qays, although we consider him a miser." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«وَأَيُّ دَاءٍ أَدْوَأُ مِنَ الْبُخْلِ وَلَكِنْ سَيِّدُكُمْ الْفَتَى الْجَعْدُ الْأَبْيَضُ بِشْرُ بْنُ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ مَعْرُور»
( There is not a disease worse than stinginess! Therefore, your chief is the white young man with curly hair, Bishr bin Al-Bara' bin Ma'rur. ) Allah said next, وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَـفِرِينَ ( And verily, Hell is surrounding the disbelievers. ) and they will never be able to avoid, avert, or escape from it.

(9:49) There is such a one among them, who says, "Give me leave to stay behind and do not expose me to temptations. " *48 ---Note it well that such people have already succumbed to temptations *49 and Hell has encircled these disbelivers. *50

And among them is he who says, meaning

*48) Some of the hypocrites, who were requesting the Holy Prophet to give them leave to stay behind on one pretext or the other, were so impudent that they were inventing excuses of a religious or moral nature for refraining from jihad in the Way of Allah.
One of these was Jad-bin-Qais, who, according to traditions came to the Holy Prophet and said.
" I am a lover of beauty and my people know that I am very weak in regard to women: therefore I am afraid to go forth lest the beauty of the Roman women should beguile me into sin.
Therefore "....
do not expose me to temptations."
*49) Though they wanted exemption, they had already fallen a prey to the temptations of telling lies, of double dealings and hypocrisy.
They deluded themselves that they would be considered pious people, if they would put forward the fear of temptations to avoid Jihad, when, in fact; they had already fallen into the greatest possible temptation of refraining from Jihad in the conflict between Islam and kufr.

*50) That is, "Such a show of piety has not taken them away from Hell; nay, on the other hand, the same thing has caused them to be entangled in the clutches of Hell.
"
 

ائْذَن لِّي ( Grant me leave ), to stay behind, وَلاَ تَفْتِنِّى ( and put me not into trial. ), if I go with you and see the women of the Romans.
Allah, the Exalted, replied, أَلا فِى الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُواْ ( Surely, they have fallen into trial ) because of the statement they uttered.
Muhammad bin Ishaq reported from Az-Zuhri, Yazid bin Ruwman, `Abdullah bin Abi Bakr, `Asim bin Qatadah and several others that they said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Al-Jadd bin Qays from Bani Salimah, «هَلْ لَكَ يَا جَدُّ الْعَامَ فِي جَلَادِ بَنِي الْأَصْفَرِ؟» ( `Would you like to fight the yellow ones (Romans ) this year) He said, `O Allah's Messenger! Give me permission ( to remain behind ) and do not cause Fitnah for me.
By Allah! My people know that there is not a man who is more fond of women than I.
I fear that if I see the women of the yellow ones, I would not be patient.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned away from him and said, «قَدْ أَذِنْتُ لَك» ( I give you permission. ) In Al-Jadd's case, this Ayah was revealed, وَمِنْهُمْ مَّن يَقُولُ ائْذَن لِّي وَلاَ تَفْتِنِّى ( And among them is he who says: "Grant me leave and put me not into trial." ) Therefore, Allah says that the Fitnah that he fell into because of not joining the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ( in Jihad ) and preferring his safety to the safety of the Messenger ﷺ is worse than the Fitnah that he falsely claimed to fear." It was reported from Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and several others that this Ayah was revealed in the case of Al-Jadd bin Qays, who was among the chiefs of Bani Salimah.
It is also recorded in the Sahih that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, «مَنْ سَيِّدُكُمْ يَا بَنِي سَلَمَةَ؟» ( Who is your chief, O Bani Salamah ) They said, "Al-Jadd bin Qays, although we consider him a miser." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «وَأَيُّ دَاءٍ أَدْوَأُ مِنَ الْبُخْلِ وَلَكِنْ سَيِّدُكُمْ الْفَتَى الْجَعْدُ الْأَبْيَضُ بِشْرُ بْنُ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ مَعْرُور» ( There is not a disease worse than stinginess! Therefore, your chief is the white young man with curly hair, Bishr bin Al-Bara' bin Ma'rur. ) Allah said next, وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَـفِرِينَ ( And verily, Hell is surrounding the disbelievers. ) and they will never be able to avoid, avert, or escape from it.

( Of them ) of the hypocrites ( is he who saith ) the reference here is to Jadd Ibn Qays: ( Grant me leave ) to stay at home ( and tempt me not ) by the women of Historic Syria. ( Surely it is into temptation ) idolatry and hypocrisy ( that they (thus ) have fallen. Lo! Hell is all around) will be all around ( the disbelievers ) on the Day of Judgement.

And among them is he who says:"Grant me leave (to be exempted from Jihad) and put me not into trial." Surely, they have fallen into trial. And verily, Hell is surrounding the disbelievers.

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