Surah Maidah ayat 52 Tafsir Quran 5:52

﴿فَتَرَى الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ يُسَارِعُونَ فِيهِمْ يَقُولُونَ نَخْشَىٰ أَن تُصِيبَنَا دَائِرَةٌ ۚ فَعَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَأْتِيَ بِالْفَتْحِ أَوْ أَمْرٍ مِّنْ عِندِهِ فَيُصْبِحُوا عَلَىٰ مَا أَسَرُّوا فِي أَنفُسِهِمْ نَادِمِينَ﴾
[ المائدة: 52]

5:52 So you see those in whose hearts is disease hastening into [association with] them, saying, "We are afraid a misfortune may strike us." But perhaps Allah will bring conquest or a decision from Him, and they will become, over what they have been concealing within themselves, regretful.

And you see those in whose hearts is sickness weakness of faith the like of ‘Abd Allāh b. Ubayy the hypocrite; vying with one another for them to affiliate with them saying as an excuse for this ‘We fear lest we suffer a turn of fortune’ which time will bring round against us such as drought or defeat and that if Muhammad’s affair should come to nothing they will cease to supply us with provisions. God exalted be He says But it may be that God will bring victory by assisting His Prophet and making His religion prevail; or some commandment from Him that will reveal the secrets of the hypocrites disgracing them; and then they will end up for what they kept secret within themselves in the way of doubt and affiliating with disbelievers remorseful.

And you see those hypocrites whose ill-natured hearts reflect the morbidity inherent in their innermost being, hasten on to win their tutelage and they interpret their thoughts in words, Thus: We fear, they say, lest one day fortune be on their side and we should be overcome and suffer at their hands. May Allah make victory sit on your helm O Muslims or take matters of fact and circumstance them after His own manner; there and then shall the hypocrites be really sorry and pained at heart for having succumbed to their evil thoughts

The Prohibition of Taking the Jews, Christians and Enemies of Islamas Friends Allah forbids His believing servants from having Jews and Christians as friends, because they are the enemies of Islam and its people, may Allah curse them.
Allah then states that they are friends of each other and He gives a warning threat to those who do this, وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِّنكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ ( And if any among you befriends them, then surely he is one of them. ) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Umar ordered Abu Musa Al-Ash`ari to send him on one sheet of balance the count of what he took in and what he spent.
Abu Musa then had a Christian scribe, and he was able to comply with `Umar's demand.
`Umar liked what he saw and exclaimed, "This scribe is proficient.
Would you read in the Masjid a letter that came to us from Ash-Sham" Abu Musa said, `He cannot." `Umar said, "Is he not pure" Abu Musa said, "No, but he is Christian." Abu Musa said, "So `Umar admonished me and poked my thigh ( with his finger ), saying, `Drive him out ( from Al-Madinah ).' He then recited, يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ ( O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as friends... )" Then he reported that `Abdullah bin `Utbah said, "Let one of you beware that he might be a Jew or a Christian, while unaware." The narrator of this statement said, "We thought that he was referring to the Ayah, يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ ( O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as friends, )" Allah said, فَتَرَى الَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ ( And you see those in whose hearts there is a disease... ) A disease of doubt, hesitation and hypocrisy. يُسَـرِعُونَ فِيهِمْ ( they hurry to their friendship, ) meaning, they rush to offer them their friendship and allegiances in secret and in public, يَقُولُونَ نَخْشَى أَن تُصِيبَنَا دَآئِرَةٌ ( saying: "We fear lest some misfortune of a disaster may befall us." ) They thus offer this excuse for their friendship and allegiances to the disbelievers, saying that they fear that the disbelievers might defeat the Muslims, so they want to be in favor with the Jews and Christians, to use this favor for their benefit in that eventuality! Allah replied, فَعَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَأْتِىَ بِالْفَتْحِ ( Perhaps Allah may bring a victory... ) referring to the conquering of Makkah, according to As-Suddi. أَوْ أَمْرٍ مِّنْ عِندِهِ ( or a decision according to His will ) requiring the Jews and Christians to pay the Jizyah, as As-Suddi stated, فَيُصْبِحُواْ ( Then they will become ) meaning, the hypocrites who gave their friendship to the Jews and Christians, will become, عَلَى مَآ أَسَرُّواْ فِى أَنفُسِهِمْ ( for what they have been keeping as a secret in themselves ) of allegiances, نَـدِمِينَ ( regretful, ) for their friendship with the Jews and Christians which did not benefit them or protect them from any harm.
Rather, it was nothing but harm, as Allah exposed their true reality to His faithful servants in this life, although they tried to conceal it.
When the signs that exposed their hypocrisy were compiled against them, their matter became clear to Allah's faithful servants.
So the believers were amazed at these hypocrites who pretended to be believers, swearing to their faithfulness, yet their claims were all lies and deceit.
This is why Allah said, s وَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ أَهُـؤُلاءِ الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمُواْ بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَـنِهِمْ إِنَّهُمْ لَمَعَكُمْ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَـلُهُمْ فَأَصْبَحُواْ خَـسِرِينَ ( And those who believe will say, "Are these the men who swore their strongest oaths by Allah that they were with you" All that they did has been in vain, and they have become the losers. )

(5:52) Indeed you see those afflicted with the disease of hypocrisy race towards them, saying: 'We fear lest some misfortune overtakes us. *84 And it may happen that Allah will either bring you a decisive victory or bring about something else from Himself? *85 and then they will feel remorseful at their hypocrisy which they have kept concealed in their breasts -

So you see those in whose hearts meaning

*84).
The outcome of the conflict in Arabia between Islam and unbelief ( kufr ) had not crystallized.
Although Islam had become a formidable force owing to the daring, courage and sacrifices of its followers, the forces opposed to it were also tremendously powerful.
To an objective observer it must have seemed that either party had an equal chance of success, and so the hypocrites, apparently an integral part of the Muslim body politic, sought to maintain good relations with the Jews and the.
Christians as well.
They expected refuge and protection from the Jews in case Islam was defeated.
Moreover, the Jews and Christians held the greatest economic power in Arabia insofar as the banking system and the greenest and most fertile regions of Arabia were in their possession.
For these reasons the hypocrites were keen to maintain good relations with them: they thought that to regard the conflict between Islam and unbelief as crucially important, and to sever their relations with all those currently in conflict with Islam, would be too great a risk both politically and economically.

*85).
They were looking for a conclusive victory, or at least something not far short of it, to inspire confidence that the conflict would end in favour of Islam.

 

The Prohibition of Taking the Jews, Christians and Enemies of Islamas Friends Allah forbids His believing servants from having Jews and Christians as friends, because they are the enemies of Islam and its people, may Allah curse them.
Allah then states that they are friends of each other and He gives a warning threat to those who do this, وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِّنكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ ( And if any among you befriends them, then surely he is one of them. ) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Umar ordered Abu Musa Al-Ash`ari to send him on one sheet of balance the count of what he took in and what he spent.
Abu Musa then had a Christian scribe, and he was able to comply with `Umar's demand.
`Umar liked what he saw and exclaimed, "This scribe is proficient.
Would you read in the Masjid a letter that came to us from Ash-Sham" Abu Musa said, `He cannot." `Umar said, "Is he not pure" Abu Musa said, "No, but he is Christian." Abu Musa said, "So `Umar admonished me and poked my thigh ( with his finger ), saying, `Drive him out ( from Al-Madinah ).' He then recited, يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ ( O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as friends... )" Then he reported that `Abdullah bin `Utbah said, "Let one of you beware that he might be a Jew or a Christian, while unaware." The narrator of this statement said, "We thought that he was referring to the Ayah, يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ ( O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as friends, )" Allah said, فَتَرَى الَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ ( And you see those in whose hearts there is a disease... ) A disease of doubt, hesitation and hypocrisy. يُسَـرِعُونَ فِيهِمْ ( they hurry to their friendship, ) meaning, they rush to offer them their friendship and allegiances in secret and in public, يَقُولُونَ نَخْشَى أَن تُصِيبَنَا دَآئِرَةٌ ( saying: "We fear lest some misfortune of a disaster may befall us." ) They thus offer this excuse for their friendship and allegiances to the disbelievers, saying that they fear that the disbelievers might defeat the Muslims, so they want to be in favor with the Jews and Christians, to use this favor for their benefit in that eventuality! Allah replied, فَعَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَأْتِىَ بِالْفَتْحِ ( Perhaps Allah may bring a victory... ) referring to the conquering of Makkah, according to As-Suddi. أَوْ أَمْرٍ مِّنْ عِندِهِ ( or a decision according to His will ) requiring the Jews and Christians to pay the Jizyah, as As-Suddi stated, فَيُصْبِحُواْ ( Then they will become ) meaning, the hypocrites who gave their friendship to the Jews and Christians, will become, عَلَى مَآ أَسَرُّواْ فِى أَنفُسِهِمْ ( for what they have been keeping as a secret in themselves ) of allegiances, نَـدِمِينَ ( regretful, ) for their friendship with the Jews and Christians which did not benefit them or protect them from any harm.
Rather, it was nothing but harm, as Allah exposed their true reality to His faithful servants in this life, although they tried to conceal it.
When the signs that exposed their hypocrisy were compiled against them, their matter became clear to Allah's faithful servants.
So the believers were amazed at these hypocrites who pretended to be believers, swearing to their faithfulness, yet their claims were all lies and deceit.
This is why Allah said, s وَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ أَهُـؤُلاءِ الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمُواْ بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَـنِهِمْ إِنَّهُمْ لَمَعَكُمْ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَـلُهُمْ فَأَصْبَحُواْ خَـسِرِينَ ( And those who believe will say, "Are these the men who swore their strongest oaths by Allah that they were with you" All that they did has been in vain, and they have become the losers. )

( And thou ) O Muhammad ( seest those in whose heart is a disease ) doubt and hypocrisy, i.e. ’Abdullah Ibn Ubayy and his followers ( race towards them ) race to take them as friends, ( saying ) to one another: ( We fear lest a change of fortune befall us ) we fear hardship may befall us, this is why we take them as friends. ( And it may ) " may [ ’asa ] " when used in connection with Allah denotes a requisite ( happen that Allah will vouchsafe (unto you ) the victory) the Conquest of Mecca and victory to Muhammad ( pbuh ) and his Companions ( or a commandment from His presence ) or a punishment inflicted on the Banu Qurayzah and Banu’l-Nadir, by means of killing and expelling them. ( Then will they ) i.e. the hypocrites ( repent ) after being exposed ( of their secret thoughts ) of their alliance with Jews.

And you see those in whose hearts there is a disease (of hypocrisy), they hurry to their friendship, saying: "We fear lest some misfortune of a disaster may befall us." Perhaps Allah may bring a victory or a decision according to His Will. Then they will become regretful for what they have been keeping as a secret in themselves.

Page 117 English transliteration