Surah Al Isra ayat 102 Tafsir Quran 17:102

﴿قَالَ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ مَا أَنزَلَ هَٰؤُلَاءِ إِلَّا رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ بَصَائِرَ وَإِنِّي لَأَظُنُّكَ يَا فِرْعَوْنُ مَثْبُورًا﴾
[ الإسراء: 102]

17:102 [Moses] said, "You have already known that none has sent down these [signs] except the Lord of the heavens and the earth as evidence, and indeed I think, O Pharaoh, that you are destroyed."

He Moses said ‘Indeed you know that none revealed these signs except the Lord of the heavens and the earth as proofs lessons; however you are being stubborn a variant reading for ‘alimta ‘you know’ has ‘alimtu ‘I know’; and I truly think that you O Pharaoh are doomed’ that you will be destroyed — or it mathbūran means that Pharaoh has been turned away from all deeds that are good.

But you know, said Mussa, That no one could have sent down these divine and evident signs but the Omnipotent Who is the Creator of the heavens and the earth; He made them clear to the understanding and judgement In effect I think that you Pharaoh are obstinate and unyielding to the truth and with unerring doom you shall see what is to come

The Nine Signs of Musa Allah tells us that He sent Musa with nine clear signs, which provided definitive proof that his prophethood was real and that what he was conveying from the One Who had sent him to Fira`wn was true.
These clear signs were: his staff, his hand, the years of famine, the sea, the flood, the locusts, the lice, the frogs and the blood.
This was the view of Ibn `Abbas.
Muhammad bin Ka`b said, "They were his hand and his staff, the five signs mentioned in Al-A`raf, and destruction of wealth and the rock." Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Ash-Sha`bi and Qatadah said: "They are his hand, his staff, the years of famine, the failure of the crops, the flood, the locusts, the lice, the frogs and the blood." فَاسْتَكْبَرُواْ وَكَانُواْ قَوْماً مُّجْرِمِينَ ( Yet they remained arrogant, and they were of those people who were criminals, ) 7:133 meaning, despite all these signs and their witnessing of them, they disbelieved them and belied them wrongfully and arrogantly, although they were themselves were convinced of them, so they did not have any effect on them.
By the same token, ( Allah tells His Messenger here, ) `if We were to respond to what these people are asking you for, who have said that they will not believe in you until you cause springs to gush forth throughout the land for them, they would not respond or believe except if Allah willed.' As Fira`wn said to Musa, even though he had witnessed the signs which he brought, إِنِّى لأَظُنُّكَ يمُوسَى مَسْحُورًا ( "O Musa! I think you are indeed bewitched.
" ) It was said that this meant he thought he was a sorcerer, but Allah knows best.
These nine signs which were mentioned by the Imams ( scholars ) quoted above are what is referred to here, and in the Ayah : وَأَلْقِ عَصَاكَ فَلَمَّا رَءَاهَا تَهْتَزُّ كَأَنَّهَا جَآنٌّ وَلَّى مُدْبِراً وَلَمْ يُعَقِّبْ يمُوسَى لاَ تَخَفْ ( "And throw down your stick!" But when he saw it moving as if it were a snake, he turned in flight, and did not look back.
(It was said: ) "O Musa ! Fear not.") until His saying, فِى تِسْعِ ءَايَـتٍ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ وَقَوْمِهِ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ قَوْماً فَـسِقِينَ ( among the nine signs (you will take ) to Fir`awn and his people.
Verily, they are a people who are rebellious.) 27:10-12 These Ayat include mention of the stick and the hand, and the rest of the nine signs are mentioned in detail in Surat Al-A`raf.
Musa was also given many other signs, such as striking the rock with his staff and water flowing from it, their being shaded with clouds, manna and quails, and other signs which were bestowed upon the Children of Israel after they had left the land of Egypt.
But here Allah mentions the nine signs which were witnessed by his people in Egypt.
These became evidence against them, because they stubbornly rejected them out of disbelief.
So Musa said to Fira`wn: لَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ مَآ أَنزَلَ هَـؤُلاءِ إِلاَّ رَبُّ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ بَصَآئِرَ ( "Verily, you know that these signs have been sent down by none but the Lord of the heavens and the earth.
) meaning, as proof and evidence of the truth of what I have brought to you. وَإِنِّى لأَظُنُّكَ يفِرْعَونُ مَثْبُورًا ( And I think you are indeed, O Fir`awn, doomed to destruction! ) i.e., bound to be destroyed.
This was the view of Mujahid and Qatadah.
Ibn `Abbas said: "It means cursed." Ibn `Abbas and Ad-Dahhak said: مَثْبُورًا ( doomed to destruction. ) means defeated.
As Mujahid said, "doomed" includes all of these meanings. The Destruction of Fir`awn and His People فَأَرَادَ أَن يَسْتَفِزَّهُم مِّنَ الاٌّرْضِ ( So he resolved to turn them out of the land. ) means, he wanted to expel them and drive them out. فَأَغْرَقْنَاهُ وَمَن مَّعَهُ جَمِيعًاوَقُلْنَا مِن بَعْدِهِ لِبَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ اسْكُنُواْ الاٌّرْضَ ( But We drowned him and all who were with him.
And We said to the Children of Israel after him: "Dwell in the land..." ) This is good news for Muhammad , a foretelling of the conquest of Makkah, even though this Surah was revealed in Makkah before the Hijrah.
Similarly, the people of Makkah wanted to expel the Prophet from the city, as Allah says in two Ayat: وَإِن كَادُواْ لَيَسْتَفِزُّونَكَ مِنَ الاٌّرْضِ لِيُخْرِجُوكَ مِنْهَا ( And verily, they were about to frighten you so much as to drive you out from the land... ) 17:76-77 Hence Allah caused His Messenger to inherit Makkah, so he entered it by force, according to the better-known of the two opinions, and he defeated its people then out of kindness and generosity, he let them go, just as Allah caused the Children of Israel, who had been oppressed, to inherit the land, east and west, and to inherit the land of Fir`awn's people, with its farmland, crops and treasures.
As Allah said, كَذَلِكَ وَأَوْرَثْنَـهَا بَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ ( thus We caused the Children of Israel to inherit them.
) ( 26:59 ).
Here Allah says: وَقُلْنَا مِن بَعْدِهِ لِبَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ اسْكُنُواْ الاٌّرْضَ فَإِذَا جَآءَ وَعْدُ الاٌّخِرَةِ جِئْنَا بِكُمْ لَفِيفًا ( And We said to the Children of Israel after him: "Dwell in the land, then, when the final and the last promise comes near, We shall bring you altogether as mixed crowd." ) meaning, all of you, you and your ene mies.
Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah and Ad-Dahhak said, "It means all together."

(17:102) Moses replied, "You know it full well that none but the lord of the Heavens and the earth had sent down these signs as eye-openers, *115 and O Pharaoh, I consider you indeed to be a doomed person. *116

[Moses] said, "You have already known that meaning

*115) Moses could say these words categorically that the Signs were from the Lord of the Universe because the calamities which visited Egypt could not be brought about by magic or by any human device.
For it is not possible for any human power to bring about frogs over vast areas or to cause all granaries in the land to be eaten up by weevils.
Then it should also be kept in view that Prophet Moses warned beforehand of an impending Sign, warning Pharaoh to give up his obduracy, and the calamity did come exactly as he had predicted.
In these circumstances only a mad or obdurate person could say that those calamities were sent by any other than the Lord of the Heavens and the Earth.

*116) That is, " I am not a bewitched man but you are indeed a doomed person.
As you have been persistent in your disbelief even after seeing such obvious Divine Signs, you are surety doomed to destruction. "
 

The Nine Signs of Musa Allah tells us that He sent Musa with nine clear signs, which provided definitive proof that his prophethood was real and that what he was conveying from the One Who had sent him to Fira`wn was true.
These clear signs were: his staff, his hand, the years of famine, the sea, the flood, the locusts, the lice, the frogs and the blood.
This was the view of Ibn `Abbas.
Muhammad bin Ka`b said, "They were his hand and his staff, the five signs mentioned in Al-A`raf, and destruction of wealth and the rock." Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Ash-Sha`bi and Qatadah said: "They are his hand, his staff, the years of famine, the failure of the crops, the flood, the locusts, the lice, the frogs and the blood." فَاسْتَكْبَرُواْ وَكَانُواْ قَوْماً مُّجْرِمِينَ ( Yet they remained arrogant, and they were of those people who were criminals, ) 7:133 meaning, despite all these signs and their witnessing of them, they disbelieved them and belied them wrongfully and arrogantly, although they were themselves were convinced of them, so they did not have any effect on them.
By the same token, ( Allah tells His Messenger here, ) `if We were to respond to what these people are asking you for, who have said that they will not believe in you until you cause springs to gush forth throughout the land for them, they would not respond or believe except if Allah willed.' As Fira`wn said to Musa, even though he had witnessed the signs which he brought, إِنِّى لأَظُنُّكَ يمُوسَى مَسْحُورًا ( "O Musa! I think you are indeed bewitched.
" ) It was said that this meant he thought he was a sorcerer, but Allah knows best.
These nine signs which were mentioned by the Imams ( scholars ) quoted above are what is referred to here, and in the Ayah : وَأَلْقِ عَصَاكَ فَلَمَّا رَءَاهَا تَهْتَزُّ كَأَنَّهَا جَآنٌّ وَلَّى مُدْبِراً وَلَمْ يُعَقِّبْ يمُوسَى لاَ تَخَفْ ( "And throw down your stick!" But when he saw it moving as if it were a snake, he turned in flight, and did not look back.
(It was said: ) "O Musa ! Fear not.") until His saying, فِى تِسْعِ ءَايَـتٍ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ وَقَوْمِهِ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ قَوْماً فَـسِقِينَ ( among the nine signs (you will take ) to Fir`awn and his people.
Verily, they are a people who are rebellious.) 27:10-12 These Ayat include mention of the stick and the hand, and the rest of the nine signs are mentioned in detail in Surat Al-A`raf.
Musa was also given many other signs, such as striking the rock with his staff and water flowing from it, their being shaded with clouds, manna and quails, and other signs which were bestowed upon the Children of Israel after they had left the land of Egypt.
But here Allah mentions the nine signs which were witnessed by his people in Egypt.
These became evidence against them, because they stubbornly rejected them out of disbelief.
So Musa said to Fira`wn: لَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ مَآ أَنزَلَ هَـؤُلاءِ إِلاَّ رَبُّ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ بَصَآئِرَ ( "Verily, you know that these signs have been sent down by none but the Lord of the heavens and the earth.
) meaning, as proof and evidence of the truth of what I have brought to you. وَإِنِّى لأَظُنُّكَ يفِرْعَونُ مَثْبُورًا ( And I think you are indeed, O Fir`awn, doomed to destruction! ) i.e., bound to be destroyed.
This was the view of Mujahid and Qatadah.
Ibn `Abbas said: "It means cursed." Ibn `Abbas and Ad-Dahhak said: مَثْبُورًا ( doomed to destruction. ) means defeated.
As Mujahid said, "doomed" includes all of these meanings. The Destruction of Fir`awn and His People فَأَرَادَ أَن يَسْتَفِزَّهُم مِّنَ الاٌّرْضِ ( So he resolved to turn them out of the land. ) means, he wanted to expel them and drive them out. فَأَغْرَقْنَاهُ وَمَن مَّعَهُ جَمِيعًاوَقُلْنَا مِن بَعْدِهِ لِبَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ اسْكُنُواْ الاٌّرْضَ ( But We drowned him and all who were with him.
And We said to the Children of Israel after him: "Dwell in the land..." ) This is good news for Muhammad , a foretelling of the conquest of Makkah, even though this Surah was revealed in Makkah before the Hijrah.
Similarly, the people of Makkah wanted to expel the Prophet from the city, as Allah says in two Ayat: وَإِن كَادُواْ لَيَسْتَفِزُّونَكَ مِنَ الاٌّرْضِ لِيُخْرِجُوكَ مِنْهَا ( And verily, they were about to frighten you so much as to drive you out from the land... ) 17:76-77 Hence Allah caused His Messenger to inherit Makkah, so he entered it by force, according to the better-known of the two opinions, and he defeated its people then out of kindness and generosity, he let them go, just as Allah caused the Children of Israel, who had been oppressed, to inherit the land, east and west, and to inherit the land of Fir`awn's people, with its farmland, crops and treasures.
As Allah said, كَذَلِكَ وَأَوْرَثْنَـهَا بَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ ( thus We caused the Children of Israel to inherit them.
) ( 26:59 ).
Here Allah says: وَقُلْنَا مِن بَعْدِهِ لِبَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ اسْكُنُواْ الاٌّرْضَ فَإِذَا جَآءَ وَعْدُ الاٌّخِرَةِ جِئْنَا بِكُمْ لَفِيفًا ( And We said to the Children of Israel after him: "Dwell in the land, then, when the final and the last promise comes near, We shall bring you altogether as mixed crowd." ) meaning, all of you, you and your ene mies.
Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah and Ad-Dahhak said, "It means all together."

( He said ) Moses said to him: ( In truth thou knowest ) O Pharaoh ( that none sent down these (portents )) these signs ( save the Lord of the heavens and the earth as proofs ) as an indication and sign of my prophethood, ( and lo! (for my part ) I deem) I know and believe ( thee lost, O Pharaoh ) that you are a lost disbeliever.

[Musa (Moses)] said: "Verily, you know that these signs have been sent down by none but the Lord of the heavens and the earth as clear (evidences i.e. proofs of Allah's Oneness and His Omnipotence, etc.). And I think you are, indeed, O Fir'aun (Pharaoh) doomed to destruction (away from all good)!"

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