Surah Al Isra ayat 111 Tafsir Quran 17:111

﴿وَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ شَرِيكٌ فِي الْمُلْكِ وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ وَلِيٌّ مِّنَ الذُّلِّ ۖ وَكَبِّرْهُ تَكْبِيرًا﴾
[ الإسراء: 111]

17:111 And say, "Praise to Allah, who has not taken a son and has had no partner in [His] dominion and has no [need of a] protector out of weakness; and glorify Him with [great] glorification."

And say ‘Praise be to God Who has neither taken a son nor has He any partner in sovereignty in divineness nor has He taken any ally to assist Him out of because of any weakness’ that is to say He would never become weak and thus need an assistant. And magnify Him with magnifications worthy of Him extol Him with a perfect extolling above that He should have taken a son or a partner and above any weakness and above all that does not befit Him. The arrangement whereby ‘praise’ is invoked together with this statement is meant to indicate that He is the One worthy of all praise because of the perfection of His Essence and the fact that He alones possesses those attributes of His. Imam Ahmad b. Hanbal relates in his Musnad by way of a report from Mu‘ādh al-Juhanī who heard it from the Messenger of God s who used to say ‘The “glory” verse in the Qur’ān is Praise be to God Who has neither taken a son nor has He any partner in sovereignty … to the end of the above-mentioned sūra 17111’ and God exalted be He knows best. The author of this commentary says ‘This last commentary constitutes the end of my complement to the commentary on the Noble Qur’ān composed by the inquisitive scholar the shaykh Imam Jalāl al-Dīn al-Mahallī al-Shāfi‘ī may God be pleased with him. I have expended every effort in it and reflected throughout it exhaustively especially in those precious things that I have deemed God willing to be profitable. I composed it this commentary in the same length of time appointed for the one spoken to by God sc. Moses and I have made it a means to attaining the Gardens of Bliss. It this commentary actually draws on the work which it complements relying and depending on it for an understanding of those allegorical verses. May God have mercy on one who examines it with impartiality chances upon an error and informs me of it. As I have said “I praise God my Lord for He guided me in what I have expressed despite my incapacity and weakness; for who other than God is there to avert me from error and who is there to accept from me even a single letter”.

And express you gratitude to Him in words for His unipersonality and Unique divine nature, thus: Praise be to Allah Who did not beget nor adopt a son nor is there anyone to share His divine nature or His realm nor is He dependent upon a tutelary guardian to protect Him from harm and from humiliation and praise Him highly for His imposing Omnipotence

To Allah belong the Most Beautiful Names Allah says: قُلْ ( Say ) O Muhammad, to these idolators who deny that Allah possesses the attribute of mercy and refuse to call Him Ar-Rahman, ادْعُواْ اللَّهَ أَوِ ادْعُواْ الرَّحْمَـنَ أَيًّا مَّا تَدْعُواْ فَلَهُ الاٌّسْمَآءَ الْحُسْنَى ( "Invoke Allah or invoke Ar-Rahman (the Most Gracious ), by whatever name you invoke Him ( it is the same ), for to Him belong the Best Names.) meaning, there is no difference between calling on Him as Allah or calling on Him as Ar-Rahman, because He has the Most Beautiful Names, as He says: هُوَ اللَّهُ الَّذِى لاَ إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ عَالِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَـدَةِ هُوَ الرَّحْمَـنُ الرَّحِيمُ ( He is Allah, beside Whom none has the right to be worshipped but He the All-Knower of the unseen and the seen.
He is the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. ) ( 59:22 ) Until His saying; لَهُ الاٌّسْمَآءُ الْحُسْنَى يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ مَا فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ ( To Him belong the Best Names.
All that is in the heavens and the earth glorify Him. ) 59:24 Makhul reported that one of the idolators heard the Prophet saying when he was prostrating: "O Most Gracious, O Most Merciful." The idolator said, he claims to pray to One, but he is praying to two! Then Allah revealed this Ayah.
This was also narrated from Ibn `Abbas, and by Ibn Jarir. The Command to recite neither loudly nor softly وَلاَ تَجْهَرْ بِصَلاتِكَ ( And offer your Salah neither aloud ) Imam Ahmad reported that Ibn `Abbas said: "This Ayah was revealed when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was preaching underground in Makkah." وَلاَ تَجْهَرْ بِصَلاتِكَ وَلاَ تُخَافِتْ بِهَا ( And offer your Salah neither aloud nor in a low voice, ) Ibn `Abbas said: "When he prayed with his Companions, he would recite Qur'an loudly, and when the idolators heard that, they insulted the Qur'an, and the One Who had revealed it and the one who had brought it.
So Allah said to His Prophet : وَلاَ تَجْهَرْ بِصَلاتِكَ ( And offer your Salah (prayer ) neither aloud) means, do not recite it aloud, lest the idolators hear you and insult the Qur'an, وَلاَ تُخَافِتْ بِهَا ( nor in a low voice, ) means, nor recite it so quietly that your companions cannot hear the Qur'an and learn it from you. وَابْتَغِ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَبِيلاً ( but follow a way between.
)" This was also reported in the Two Sahihs.
Ad-Dahhak also narrated something similar from Ibn `Abbas, and added: "When he migrated to Al-Madinah, this no longer applied, and he recited as he wished." Muhammad bin Ishaq said that Ibn `Abbas said, "When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ recited Qur'an quietly while he was praying, the ( idolators ) would disperse and refuse to listen to him; if one of them wanted to hear some of what he was reciting in his prayer, he would try to listen without anyone seeing him, because he was afraid of them.
If he realized that anybody knew he was listening, he would go away lest they harm him, so he would stop listening.
If the Prophet lowered his voice, those who wanted to listen to his recitation could not hear anything, so Allah revealed, وَلاَ تَجْهَرْ بِصَلاتِكَ ( And offer your Salah neither aloud ) meaning, do not recite aloud, lest those who want to listen disperse for fear of attracting unwelcome attention, وَلاَ تُخَافِتْ بِهَا ( nor in a low voice, ) but do not make your voice so soft that the one who is trying to listen without being seen cannot hear anything at all.
Perhaps he will pay attention to some of what he hears and benefit from it. وَابْتَغِ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَبِيلاً ( but follow a way between.
)" This was the view of `Ikrimah, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Qatadah that this Ayah was revealed concerning recitation in prayer.
It was narrated from Ibn Mas`ud: "Do not make it so soft that no one can hear it except yourself." Declaration of Tawhid وَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِى لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا ( And say: "All the praises and thanks be to Allah, Who has not begotten a son..." ) because Allah has stated that the Most Beautiful Names belong to Him, and has declared Himself to be above having any faults or defects. وَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِى لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا وَلَم يَكُنْ لَّهُ شَرِيكٌ فِى الْمُلْكِ ( And say: "All the praises and thanks be to Allah, Who has not begotten a son, and Who has no partner in (His ) dominion...") indeed, He is Allah, ( the ) One, the Self-Sufficient Master, Who begets not, nor was He begotten, and there is none co-equal or comparable unto Him. وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ وَلِىٌّ مَّنَ الذُّلِّ ( nor He is low to have a supporter. ) means, He is not so humble or weak that He needs to have a helper or supporter or adviser, rather He Alone, with no partner or associate, may He be exalted, is the Creator of all things and is the One Who is running and controlling them by His will, with no partner or associate. وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ وَلِىٌّ مَّنَ الذُّلِّ ( nor He is low to have a supporter ).) Mujahid said: He does not form an alliance with anyone, nor does He seek the support or help of anyone. وَكَبِّرْهُ تَكْبِيرًا ( And magnify Him with all magnificence. ) means, glorify and extol Him far above whatever the transgressors and aggressors say.
Ibn Jarir recorded that Al-Qurazi used to say about this Ayah, وَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِى لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا ( And say: "All the praises and thanks be to Allah, Who has not begotten a son..." ) that the Jews and Christians said that Allah has taken a son; the Arabs said, "At Your service, You have no partner except the partner You have, and You possess him and whatever he owns;" and the Sabians and Magians said, "If it were not for the supporters of Allah, He would be weak." Then Allah revealed this Ayah : وَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِى لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا وَلَم يَكُنْ لَّهُ شَرِيكٌ فِى الْمُلْكِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ وَلِىٌّ مَّنَ الذُّلِّ وَكَبِّرْهُ تَكْبِيرًا ( And say: "All the praises and thanks be to Allah, Who has not begotten a son, and Who has no partner in (His ) dominion, nor is He low to have a supporter.
And magnify Him with all magnificence.") End of Tafsir Surah Subhan Surat Al-Isra'.
And to Allah be the praise and blessings.

(17:111) and say, "Praise is for that Allah who has begotten no son nor has any partner in His Kingdom nor is helpless to need any supporter," *125 And glorify Him in the most glorious way.

And say, "Praise to Allah, who has meaning

*125) A subtle sarcasm is implied in the sentence.
The mushriks believed that Allah had appointed assistants and deputies for the administration of His Kingdom.
Obviously this meant that Allah was helpless and powerless to carry out the administration of His Kingdom: therefore, He needed supporters to help Him in the work of His Godhead.
This sentence negates their false creeds, saying, " He does not stand in need of any gods and saints in order to delegate to them the different departments of His Godhead or make them governors in different parts of His Kingdom.
"

To Allah belong the Most Beautiful Names Allah says: قُلْ ( Say ) O Muhammad, to these idolators who deny that Allah possesses the attribute of mercy and refuse to call Him Ar-Rahman, ادْعُواْ اللَّهَ أَوِ ادْعُواْ الرَّحْمَـنَ أَيًّا مَّا تَدْعُواْ فَلَهُ الاٌّسْمَآءَ الْحُسْنَى ( "Invoke Allah or invoke Ar-Rahman (the Most Gracious ), by whatever name you invoke Him ( it is the same ), for to Him belong the Best Names.) meaning, there is no difference between calling on Him as Allah or calling on Him as Ar-Rahman, because He has the Most Beautiful Names, as He says: هُوَ اللَّهُ الَّذِى لاَ إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ عَالِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَـدَةِ هُوَ الرَّحْمَـنُ الرَّحِيمُ ( He is Allah, beside Whom none has the right to be worshipped but He the All-Knower of the unseen and the seen.
He is the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. ) ( 59:22 ) Until His saying; لَهُ الاٌّسْمَآءُ الْحُسْنَى يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ مَا فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ ( To Him belong the Best Names.
All that is in the heavens and the earth glorify Him. ) 59:24 Makhul reported that one of the idolators heard the Prophet saying when he was prostrating: "O Most Gracious, O Most Merciful." The idolator said, he claims to pray to One, but he is praying to two! Then Allah revealed this Ayah.
This was also narrated from Ibn `Abbas, and by Ibn Jarir. The Command to recite neither loudly nor softly وَلاَ تَجْهَرْ بِصَلاتِكَ ( And offer your Salah neither aloud ) Imam Ahmad reported that Ibn `Abbas said: "This Ayah was revealed when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was preaching underground in Makkah." وَلاَ تَجْهَرْ بِصَلاتِكَ وَلاَ تُخَافِتْ بِهَا ( And offer your Salah neither aloud nor in a low voice, ) Ibn `Abbas said: "When he prayed with his Companions, he would recite Qur'an loudly, and when the idolators heard that, they insulted the Qur'an, and the One Who had revealed it and the one who had brought it.
So Allah said to His Prophet : وَلاَ تَجْهَرْ بِصَلاتِكَ ( And offer your Salah (prayer ) neither aloud) means, do not recite it aloud, lest the idolators hear you and insult the Qur'an, وَلاَ تُخَافِتْ بِهَا ( nor in a low voice, ) means, nor recite it so quietly that your companions cannot hear the Qur'an and learn it from you. وَابْتَغِ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَبِيلاً ( but follow a way between.
)" This was also reported in the Two Sahihs.
Ad-Dahhak also narrated something similar from Ibn `Abbas, and added: "When he migrated to Al-Madinah, this no longer applied, and he recited as he wished." Muhammad bin Ishaq said that Ibn `Abbas said, "When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ recited Qur'an quietly while he was praying, the ( idolators ) would disperse and refuse to listen to him; if one of them wanted to hear some of what he was reciting in his prayer, he would try to listen without anyone seeing him, because he was afraid of them.
If he realized that anybody knew he was listening, he would go away lest they harm him, so he would stop listening.
If the Prophet lowered his voice, those who wanted to listen to his recitation could not hear anything, so Allah revealed, وَلاَ تَجْهَرْ بِصَلاتِكَ ( And offer your Salah neither aloud ) meaning, do not recite aloud, lest those who want to listen disperse for fear of attracting unwelcome attention, وَلاَ تُخَافِتْ بِهَا ( nor in a low voice, ) but do not make your voice so soft that the one who is trying to listen without being seen cannot hear anything at all.
Perhaps he will pay attention to some of what he hears and benefit from it. وَابْتَغِ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَبِيلاً ( but follow a way between.
)" This was the view of `Ikrimah, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Qatadah that this Ayah was revealed concerning recitation in prayer.
It was narrated from Ibn Mas`ud: "Do not make it so soft that no one can hear it except yourself." Declaration of Tawhid وَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِى لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا ( And say: "All the praises and thanks be to Allah, Who has not begotten a son..." ) because Allah has stated that the Most Beautiful Names belong to Him, and has declared Himself to be above having any faults or defects. وَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِى لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا وَلَم يَكُنْ لَّهُ شَرِيكٌ فِى الْمُلْكِ ( And say: "All the praises and thanks be to Allah, Who has not begotten a son, and Who has no partner in (His ) dominion...") indeed, He is Allah, ( the ) One, the Self-Sufficient Master, Who begets not, nor was He begotten, and there is none co-equal or comparable unto Him. وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ وَلِىٌّ مَّنَ الذُّلِّ ( nor He is low to have a supporter. ) means, He is not so humble or weak that He needs to have a helper or supporter or adviser, rather He Alone, with no partner or associate, may He be exalted, is the Creator of all things and is the One Who is running and controlling them by His will, with no partner or associate. وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ وَلِىٌّ مَّنَ الذُّلِّ ( nor He is low to have a supporter ).) Mujahid said: He does not form an alliance with anyone, nor does He seek the support or help of anyone. وَكَبِّرْهُ تَكْبِيرًا ( And magnify Him with all magnificence. ) means, glorify and extol Him far above whatever the transgressors and aggressors say.
Ibn Jarir recorded that Al-Qurazi used to say about this Ayah, وَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِى لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا ( And say: "All the praises and thanks be to Allah, Who has not begotten a son..." ) that the Jews and Christians said that Allah has taken a son; the Arabs said, "At Your service, You have no partner except the partner You have, and You possess him and whatever he owns;" and the Sabians and Magians said, "If it were not for the supporters of Allah, He would be weak." Then Allah revealed this Ayah : وَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِى لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا وَلَم يَكُنْ لَّهُ شَرِيكٌ فِى الْمُلْكِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ وَلِىٌّ مَّنَ الذُّلِّ وَكَبِّرْهُ تَكْبِيرًا ( And say: "All the praises and thanks be to Allah, Who has not begotten a son, and Who has no partner in (His ) dominion, nor is He low to have a supporter.
And magnify Him with all magnificence.") End of Tafsir Surah Subhan Surat Al-Isra'.
And to Allah be the praise and blessings.

( And say: Praise be to Allah ) gratitude and divinity are Allah’s, ( Who hath not taken unto Himself a son ) from amongst the angels or humans such that he inherits His dominion, ( and Who hath no partner in the Sovereignty ) such that he shows enmity towards Him, ( nor hath He any protecting friend ) a helper ( through dependence ) from among the Jews and Christians; it is also said that this means: He has not been humiliated such that He needs a helper from the Jews or Christians. ( And magnify Him with all magnificence ) deem Him far exalted above what the Jews, Christians and idolaters say about Him; and Allah knows better the secrets of His Book.

And say: "All the praises and thanks be to Allah, Who has not begotten a son (nor an offspring), and Who has no partner in (His) Dominion, nor He is low to have a Wali (helper, protector or supporter). And magnify Him with all the magnificence, [Allahu-Akbar (Allah is the Most Great)]."

Page 293 English transliteration