Surah Ahzab ayat 13 Tafsir Quran 33:13

﴿وَإِذْ قَالَت طَّائِفَةٌ مِّنْهُمْ يَا أَهْلَ يَثْرِبَ لَا مُقَامَ لَكُمْ فَارْجِعُوا ۚ وَيَسْتَأْذِنُ فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمُ النَّبِيَّ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ بُيُوتَنَا عَوْرَةٌ وَمَا هِيَ بِعَوْرَةٍ ۖ إِن يُرِيدُونَ إِلَّا فِرَارًا﴾
[ الأحزاب: 13]

33:13 And when a faction of them said, "O people of Yathrib, there is no stability for you [here], so return [home]." And a party of them asked permission of the Prophet, saying, "Indeed, our houses are unprotected," while they were not exposed. They did not intend except to flee.

And when a party of them namely the hypocrites said ‘O people of Yathrib! namely the region of Medina it Yathriba is a diptote because of its being a proper noun and because of the morphological similarity it bears to a verbal form there is not a stand possible read muqām or maqām for you here in other words no place to stay and no strategic position so turn back to your dwellings in Medina — they had set out with the Prophet s towards the foot of a mountain outside Medina for battle. And a group of them even sought the permission of the Prophet to turn back saying ‘Our homes are exposed unprotected and we fear for them’. God exalted be He says although they were not exposed. They only sought to flee from battle.

And some of them advised people of the city Yathrib to defect. They said to them: O you people of Yathrib this is not the place for you, you just go back to your homes. Another party asked the Prophets permission if they could be excused! They said to him: Our homes are exposed and defenseless when in fact they were not and were guarded by other Muslims but in truth they wanted to fly away and take to their heels

How the Believers were tested, and the Position of the Hypocrites during the Battle of Al-Khandaq Allah tells us what happened when the Confederates surrounded Al-Madinah and the Muslims were besieged and found themselves in straitened circumstances, with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in their midst.
They were tried and tested, and were shaken with a mighty shaking.
At this time hypocrisy emerged, and those in whose hearts was a disease spoke about what they really felt. وَإِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَـفِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ مَّا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ إِلاَّ غُرُوراً ( And when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is a disease said: "Allah and His Messenger promised us nothing but delusion!" ) Their hypocrisy became apparent, while the one in whose heart was doubt became weak, and he expressed the ideas that were in his heart because of the weakness of his faith and the difficulty of the situation.
And other people said, as Allah tells us: وَإِذْ قَالَت طَّآئِفَةٌ مِّنْهُمْ يأَهْلَ .يَثْرِبَ ( And when a party of them said: "O people of Yathrib..." ) meaning Al-Madinah, as it was reported in the Sahih:
«أُرِيتُ فِي الْمَنَامِ دَارَ هِجْرَتِكُمْ، أَرْضٌ بَيْنَ حَرَّتَيْنِ، فَذَهَبَ وَهَلِي أَنَّهَا هَجَرُ فَإِذَا هِيَ يَثْرِب»
( I was shown in a dream the place to which you will migrate, a land between two lava fields.
At first I thought it was Hajar, but it turned out to be Yathrib. ) According to another narration:
«الْمَدِينَة»
( Al-Madinah.
) It was said that the origin of its name Yathrib was that a man settled there from ( the people of ) Al-`Amaliq whose name was Yathrib bin `Ubayd bin Mahlayil bin `Aws bin `Amlaq bin Lawudh bin Iram bin Sam bin Nuh.
This was the view of As-Suhayli.
He said: "And it was narrated from some of them that he said, `It is given eleven names in the Tawrah: Al-Madinah, Tabah, Tayyibah, Al-Miskinah, Al-Jabirah, Al-Muhibbah, Al-Mahbubah, Al-Qasimah, Al-Majburah, Al-`Adhra' and Al-Marhumah."' r لاَ مُقَامَ لَكُمْ ( There is no position for you. ) means, `here, with the Prophet , you cannot stand guard,' فَارْجِعُواْ ( Therefore go back ) means, `to your houses and dwellings'. وَيَسْتَأْذِنُ فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمُ النَّبِىَّ ( And a band of them ask for permission of the Prophet ) Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him said, "These were Banu Harithah, who said, `We fear for our homes, that they may be robbed."' This was also stated by others.
Ibn Ishaq mentioned that the one who said this was `Aws bin Qayzi.
They were using as an excuse to go back to their houses the claim that they were lying open and had nothing to protect them from the enemy, so they were afraid for their homes.
But Allah said: وَمَا هِىَ بِعَوْرَةٍ ( And they lay not open. ) meaning, it is not as they claim. إِن يُرِيدُونَ إِلاَّ فِرَاراً ( They but wished to flee. ) means, they wanted to run away from the battlefield.

(33:13) And when a section of them said: '(O people of Yathrib), now there is no place for you to stay, so turn back.' *23 (And call to mind) when a section of them was seeking permission from the Prophet to leave, saying: 'Our houses are exposed (to attack),' *24 although they were not exposed (to attack);  *25they only wished to flee (from the battle-front).

And when a faction of them said, meaning

*23) This sentence has two meanings: The apparent meaning is that there is no chance for them to stay at the Trench against the polytheists; therefore, they should return to the city.
And the hidden meaning is that there is no chance for them to remain in Islam; therefore, they should return to their ancestral religion, so that they might escape the danger in which they had involved themselves by earning the hostility of the whole of Arabia.
The hypocrites uttered such mischievous things so that they could make the one who would listen to them understand the intended hidden meaning, but in case someone took exception to their words, they could say they had been misunderstood.

*24) That is, " When the Bani Quraizah also joined the invaders, the hypocrites had a 'good excuse for defection and they started asking the Holy Prophet for leave to go and protect their houses and families, which, they said, had been endangered, whereas at that time the Holy Prophet was responsible for the defence and protection of all the people of Madinah.
After the treachery of the Quraizah it was for the Holy Prophet to devise plans for the protection of the city and its people and not of the soldiers of the army individually. "
*25) That is, " The Holy Prophet had already made arrangements for protection against the danger, which were a part of the collective scheme of defence being implemented by him as Commander of the Islamic forces.
Therefore, there was no jmmediate danger in the face of which these people could justifiably make such an excuse.
"
 

How the Believers were tested, and the Position of the Hypocrites during the Battle of Al-Khandaq Allah tells us what happened when the Confederates surrounded Al-Madinah and the Muslims were besieged and found themselves in straitened circumstances, with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in their midst.
They were tried and tested, and were shaken with a mighty shaking.
At this time hypocrisy emerged, and those in whose hearts was a disease spoke about what they really felt. وَإِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَـفِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ مَّا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ إِلاَّ غُرُوراً ( And when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is a disease said: "Allah and His Messenger promised us nothing but delusion!" ) Their hypocrisy became apparent, while the one in whose heart was doubt became weak, and he expressed the ideas that were in his heart because of the weakness of his faith and the difficulty of the situation.
And other people said, as Allah tells us: وَإِذْ قَالَت طَّآئِفَةٌ مِّنْهُمْ يأَهْلَ .يَثْرِبَ ( And when a party of them said: "O people of Yathrib..." ) meaning Al-Madinah, as it was reported in the Sahih: «أُرِيتُ فِي الْمَنَامِ دَارَ هِجْرَتِكُمْ، أَرْضٌ بَيْنَ حَرَّتَيْنِ، فَذَهَبَ وَهَلِي أَنَّهَا هَجَرُ فَإِذَا هِيَ يَثْرِب» ( I was shown in a dream the place to which you will migrate, a land between two lava fields.
At first I thought it was Hajar, but it turned out to be Yathrib. ) According to another narration: «الْمَدِينَة» ( Al-Madinah.
) It was said that the origin of its name Yathrib was that a man settled there from ( the people of ) Al-`Amaliq whose name was Yathrib bin `Ubayd bin Mahlayil bin `Aws bin `Amlaq bin Lawudh bin Iram bin Sam bin Nuh.
This was the view of As-Suhayli.
He said: "And it was narrated from some of them that he said, `It is given eleven names in the Tawrah: Al-Madinah, Tabah, Tayyibah, Al-Miskinah, Al-Jabirah, Al-Muhibbah, Al-Mahbubah, Al-Qasimah, Al-Majburah, Al-`Adhra' and Al-Marhumah."' r لاَ مُقَامَ لَكُمْ ( There is no position for you. ) means, `here, with the Prophet , you cannot stand guard,' فَارْجِعُواْ ( Therefore go back ) means, `to your houses and dwellings'. وَيَسْتَأْذِنُ فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمُ النَّبِىَّ ( And a band of them ask for permission of the Prophet ) Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him said, "These were Banu Harithah, who said, `We fear for our homes, that they may be robbed."' This was also stated by others.
Ibn Ishaq mentioned that the one who said this was `Aws bin Qayzi.
They were using as an excuse to go back to their houses the claim that they were lying open and had nothing to protect them from the enemy, so they were afraid for their homes.
But Allah said: وَمَا هِىَ بِعَوْرَةٍ ( And they lay not open. ) meaning, it is not as they claim. إِن يُرِيدُونَ إِلاَّ فِرَاراً ( They but wished to flee. ) means, they wanted to run away from the battlefield.

( And when a party of them ) from Banu Harithah Ibn al-Harth to their friends in the Ditch ( said: O folk of Yathrib! ) they mean: O people of Medina! ( There is no stand (possible ) for you) there is no place for you in the Ditch to fight, ( therefore turn back ) to Medina. ( And certain of them ) from the hypocrites among Banu Harithah ( (even ) sought permission of the Prophet) Allah bless him and give him peace, ( saying ) allow us, O Prophet of Allah, to go back to Medina: ( Our homes lie open (to the enemy )) there are no men in our homes and we fear that thieves may steal from them. ( And they lay not open ) and they are not without men. ( They but wished to flee ) from fighting.

And when a party of them said: "O people of Yathrib (AlMadinah)! There is no stand (possible) for you (against the enemy attack!) Therefore go back!" And a band of them ask for permission of the Prophet (SAW) saying: "Truly, our homes lie open (to the enemy)." And they lay not open. They but wished to flee.

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