Surah Nisa ayat 165 Tafsir Quran 4:165

﴿رُّسُلًا مُّبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى اللَّهِ حُجَّةٌ بَعْدَ الرُّسُلِ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا﴾
[ النساء: 165]

4:165 [We sent] messengers as bringers of good tidings and warners so that mankind will have no argument against Allah after the messengers. And ever is Allah Exalted in Might and Wise.

messengers rusulan substitutes for the previous rusulan ‘messengers’ bearing good tidings of reward for those that believe and warning of punishment for those that disbelieve; We sent them so that people might have no argument to make against God after the sending of the messengers to them and say Our Lord why did you not send a messenger to us so that we might follow Your signs and be among the believers Q. 2847; thus We sent them to pre-empt such excuses. God is ever Mighty in His kingdom Wise in His actions.

Such Messengers were sent as spectacles and warnings so that people shall have no excuse nor can they hold a plea against Allah in mitigation of censure after they had been warned by Allahs Messengers. And Allah has always been Azizun and Hakimun

Revelation Came to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, Just as it Came to the Prophets Before Him Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated that Muhammad bin Abi Muhammad said that `Ikrimah, or Sa`id bin Jubayr, related to Ibn `Abbas that he said, "Sukayn and `Adi bin Zayd said, `O Muhammad! We do not know that Allah sent down anything to any human after Musa.' Allah sent down a rebuttal of their statement, إِنَّآ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ كَمَآ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَى نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِن بَعْدِهِ ( Verily, We have inspired you (O Muhammad ) as We inspired Nuh and the Prophets after him.)" Allah states that He sent down revelation to His servant and Messenger Muhammad ﷺ just as He sent down revelation to previous Prophets.
Allah said, إِنَّآ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ كَمَآ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَى نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِن بَعْدِهِ ( Verily, We have inspired you (O Muhammad ) as We inspired Nuh and the Prophets after him,) until, وَءَاتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُوراً ( ...and to Dawud We gave the Zabur.
) The `Zabur' ( Psalms ) is the name of the Book revealed to Prophet Dawud, peace be upon him. Twenty-Five Prophets Are Mentioned in the Qur'an Allah said, وَرُسُلاً قَدْ قَصَصْنَـهُمْ عَلَيْكَ مِن قَبْلُ وَرُسُلاً لَّمْ نَقْصُصْهُمْ عَلَيْكَ ( And Messengers We have mentioned to you before, and Messengers We have not mentioned to you ) Before the revelation of this Ayah.
The following are the names of the Prophets whom Allah named in the Qur'an.
They are: Adam, Idris, Nuh ( Noah ), Hud, Salih, Ibrahim ( Abraham ), Lut, Isma`il ( Ishmael ), Ishaq ( Isaac ), Ya`qub ( Jacob ), Yusuf ( Joesph ), Ayyub ( Job ), Shu`ayb, Musa ( Moses ), Harun ( Aaron ), Yunus ( Jonah ), Dawud ( David ), Sulayman ( Solomon ), Ilyas ( Elias ), Al-Yasa` ( Elisha ), Zakariya ( Zachariya ), Yahya ( John ) and `Isa ( Jesus ), and their leader, Muhammad .
Several scholars of Tafsir also listed Dhul-Kifl among the Prophets.
Allah's statement, وَرُسُلاً لَّمْ نَقْصُصْهُمْ عَلَيْكَ ( and Messengers We have not mentioned to you, ) means, `there are other Prophets whom We did not mention to you in the Qur'an.' The Virtue of Musa Allah said, وَكَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى تَكْلِيماً ( and to Musa Allah spoke directly. ) This is an honor to Musa, and this is why he is called the Kalim, he whom Allah spoke to directly.
Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr bin Marduwyah recorded that `Abdul-Jabbar bin `Abdullah said, "A man came to Abu Bakr bin `Ayyash and said, `I heard a man recite ( this Ayah this way ): وَكَلَّمَ اللَّهَ مُوسَى تَكلِيمًا "and to Allah, Musa spoke directly." Abu Bakr said, `Only a disbeliever would recite it like this.' Al-A`mash recited it with Yahya bin Withab, who recited it with Abu `Abdur-Rahman As-Sulami who recited it with `Ali bin Abi Talib who recited with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , وَكَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى تَكْلِيماً ( and to Musa Allah spoke directly. )"' Abu Bakr bin Abi Ayyash was so angry with the man who recited the Ayah differently, because he altered its words and meanings.
That person was from the group of Mu`tazilah who denied that Allah spoke to Musa or that He speaks to any of His creation.
We were told that some of the Mu`tazilah once recited the Ayah that way, so one teacher present said to him, "O son of a stinking woman! What would you do concerning Allah's statement, وَلَمَّا جَآءَ مُوسَى لِمِيقَـتِنَا وَكَلَّمَهُ رَبُّهُ ( And when Musa came at the time and place appointed by Us, and his Lord spoke to him, ) 7:143" The Shaykh meant that the later Ayah cannot be altered or changed. The Reason Behind Sending the Prophets is to Establish the Proof Allah said, رُّسُلاً مُّبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ ( Messengers as bearers of good news as well as of warning, ) meaning, the Prophets bring good news to those who obey Allah and practice the good things that please Him.
They also warn against His punishment and torment for those who defy His commandments.
Allah said next, لِئَلاَّ يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى اللَّهِ حُجَّةٌ بَعْدَ الرُّسُلِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزاً حَكِيماً ( in order that mankind should have no plea against Allah after the Messengers.
And Allah is Ever All-Powerful, All-Wise. ) Allah sent down His Books and sent His Messengers with good news and warnings.
He explained what He likes and is pleased with and what He dislikes and is displeased with.
This way, no one will have an excuse with Allah.
Allah said in other Ayat, وَلَوْ أَنَّآ أَهْلَكْنَـهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ مِّن قَبْلِهِ لَقَالُواْ رَبَّنَا لَوْلا أَرْسَلْتَ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولاً فَنَتَّبِعَ ءَايَـتِكَ مِن قَبْلِ أَن نَّذِلَّ وَنَخْزَى ( And if We had destroyed them with a torment before this, they would surely have said: "Our Lord! If only You had sent us a Messenger, we should certainly have followed Your Ayat, before we were humiliated and disgraced." ) and, وَلَوْلا أَن تُصِيبَهُم مُّصِيبَةٌ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ ( And if (We had ) not ( sent you to the people of Makkah ) in case a calamity should seize them for ( the deeds ) that their hands have sent forth.
) It is recorded in the Two Sahihs that Ibn Mas`ud said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«لَا أَحَدَ أَغْيَرُ مِنَ اللهِ، مِنْ أَجْلِ ذلِكَ حَرَّمَ الْفَوَاحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ، وَلَا أَحَدْ أَحَبْ إِلَيْهِ الْمَدْحُ مِنَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، مِنْ أَجْلِ ذلِكَ مَدَحَ نَفْسَهُ، وَلَا أَحَدَ أَحَبْ إِلَيْهِ الْعُذْرُ مِنَ اللهِ، مِنْ أَجْلِ ذلِكَ بَعَثَ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِين»
( No one is more jealous than Allah.
This is why He prohibited all types of sin committed in public or secret.
No one likes praise more than Allah, and this is why He has praised Himself.
No one likes to give excuse more than Allah, and this is why He sent the Prophets as bearers of good news and as warners. ) In another narration, the Prophet said,
«مِنْ أَجْلِ ذلِكَ أَرْسَلَ رُسُلَهُ وَأَنْزَلَ كُتُبَه»
( And this is why He sent His Messengers and revealed His Books. ) لَّـكِنِ اللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ بِمَآ أَنزَلَ إِلَيْكَ أَنزَلَهُ بِعِلْمِهِ وَالْمَلَـئِكَةُ يَشْهَدُونَ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيداً - إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَصَدُّواْ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ قَدْ ضَلُّواْ ضَلَـلاَ بَعِيداً - إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَظَلَمُواْ لَمْ يَكُنِ اللَّهُ لِيَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ وَلاَ لِيَهْدِيَهُمْ طَرِيقاً

(4:165) These Messengers were sent as bearers of glad tidings and as warners *207 so that after sending the Messengers people may have no plea against Allah. *208 Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.

[We sent] messengers as bringers of good meaning

*206).
Revelation in the case of other Prophets meant either that they heard a voice or received a message from an angel.
The privileged treatment accorded to Moses was that God communicated with him directly.
This communication was similar to one that takes place between two persons, as is fully illustrated by the conversation reported in Surah Ta Ha 20: 11 ff.
This unique privilege of Moses is mentioned in the Bible as well, and in much the same manner.
It mentions that the Lord used to speak to Moses 'face to face, as a man speaks to his friend' ( Exodus 33: 11 ).

*207).
It is emphasized that the essential function of all the Prophets was the same: to announce good tidings of salvation and felicity to those who believe in the teachings revealed by God and mend their conduct accordingly, and to warn those who persist in false beliefs and evil ways that they will have to face dire consequences.

*208).
God's purpose in sending the Prophets was to establish His plea against mankind.
God did not want criminals to have any basis on which to plead that their actions were done in ignorance.
Prophets were therefore sent to all parts of the world, and many Scriptures were revealed.
These Prophets communicated knowledge of the Truth to large sections of people, and left behind Scriptures which have guided human beings in all ages.
If anyone falls a prey to error, in spite of all this, the blame does not lie with God or the Prophets.
The blame lies rather with those who have spurned God's message even after having received it, and with those who knew the Truth but failed to enlighten others.

 

Revelation Came to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, Just as it Came to the Prophets Before Him Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated that Muhammad bin Abi Muhammad said that `Ikrimah, or Sa`id bin Jubayr, related to Ibn `Abbas that he said, "Sukayn and `Adi bin Zayd said, `O Muhammad! We do not know that Allah sent down anything to any human after Musa.' Allah sent down a rebuttal of their statement, إِنَّآ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ كَمَآ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَى نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِن بَعْدِهِ ( Verily, We have inspired you (O Muhammad ) as We inspired Nuh and the Prophets after him.)" Allah states that He sent down revelation to His servant and Messenger Muhammad ﷺ just as He sent down revelation to previous Prophets.
Allah said, إِنَّآ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ كَمَآ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَى نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِن بَعْدِهِ ( Verily, We have inspired you (O Muhammad ) as We inspired Nuh and the Prophets after him,) until, وَءَاتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُوراً ( ...and to Dawud We gave the Zabur.
) The `Zabur' ( Psalms ) is the name of the Book revealed to Prophet Dawud, peace be upon him. Twenty-Five Prophets Are Mentioned in the Qur'an Allah said, وَرُسُلاً قَدْ قَصَصْنَـهُمْ عَلَيْكَ مِن قَبْلُ وَرُسُلاً لَّمْ نَقْصُصْهُمْ عَلَيْكَ ( And Messengers We have mentioned to you before, and Messengers We have not mentioned to you ) Before the revelation of this Ayah.
The following are the names of the Prophets whom Allah named in the Qur'an.
They are: Adam, Idris, Nuh ( Noah ), Hud, Salih, Ibrahim ( Abraham ), Lut, Isma`il ( Ishmael ), Ishaq ( Isaac ), Ya`qub ( Jacob ), Yusuf ( Joesph ), Ayyub ( Job ), Shu`ayb, Musa ( Moses ), Harun ( Aaron ), Yunus ( Jonah ), Dawud ( David ), Sulayman ( Solomon ), Ilyas ( Elias ), Al-Yasa` ( Elisha ), Zakariya ( Zachariya ), Yahya ( John ) and `Isa ( Jesus ), and their leader, Muhammad .
Several scholars of Tafsir also listed Dhul-Kifl among the Prophets.
Allah's statement, وَرُسُلاً لَّمْ نَقْصُصْهُمْ عَلَيْكَ ( and Messengers We have not mentioned to you, ) means, `there are other Prophets whom We did not mention to you in the Qur'an.' The Virtue of Musa Allah said, وَكَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى تَكْلِيماً ( and to Musa Allah spoke directly. ) This is an honor to Musa, and this is why he is called the Kalim, he whom Allah spoke to directly.
Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr bin Marduwyah recorded that `Abdul-Jabbar bin `Abdullah said, "A man came to Abu Bakr bin `Ayyash and said, `I heard a man recite ( this Ayah this way ): وَكَلَّمَ اللَّهَ مُوسَى تَكلِيمًا "and to Allah, Musa spoke directly." Abu Bakr said, `Only a disbeliever would recite it like this.' Al-A`mash recited it with Yahya bin Withab, who recited it with Abu `Abdur-Rahman As-Sulami who recited it with `Ali bin Abi Talib who recited with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , وَكَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى تَكْلِيماً ( and to Musa Allah spoke directly. )"' Abu Bakr bin Abi Ayyash was so angry with the man who recited the Ayah differently, because he altered its words and meanings.
That person was from the group of Mu`tazilah who denied that Allah spoke to Musa or that He speaks to any of His creation.
We were told that some of the Mu`tazilah once recited the Ayah that way, so one teacher present said to him, "O son of a stinking woman! What would you do concerning Allah's statement, وَلَمَّا جَآءَ مُوسَى لِمِيقَـتِنَا وَكَلَّمَهُ رَبُّهُ ( And when Musa came at the time and place appointed by Us, and his Lord spoke to him, ) 7:143" The Shaykh meant that the later Ayah cannot be altered or changed. The Reason Behind Sending the Prophets is to Establish the Proof Allah said, رُّسُلاً مُّبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ ( Messengers as bearers of good news as well as of warning, ) meaning, the Prophets bring good news to those who obey Allah and practice the good things that please Him.
They also warn against His punishment and torment for those who defy His commandments.
Allah said next, لِئَلاَّ يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى اللَّهِ حُجَّةٌ بَعْدَ الرُّسُلِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزاً حَكِيماً ( in order that mankind should have no plea against Allah after the Messengers.
And Allah is Ever All-Powerful, All-Wise. ) Allah sent down His Books and sent His Messengers with good news and warnings.
He explained what He likes and is pleased with and what He dislikes and is displeased with.
This way, no one will have an excuse with Allah.
Allah said in other Ayat, وَلَوْ أَنَّآ أَهْلَكْنَـهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ مِّن قَبْلِهِ لَقَالُواْ رَبَّنَا لَوْلا أَرْسَلْتَ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولاً فَنَتَّبِعَ ءَايَـتِكَ مِن قَبْلِ أَن نَّذِلَّ وَنَخْزَى ( And if We had destroyed them with a torment before this, they would surely have said: "Our Lord! If only You had sent us a Messenger, we should certainly have followed Your Ayat, before we were humiliated and disgraced." ) and, وَلَوْلا أَن تُصِيبَهُم مُّصِيبَةٌ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ ( And if (We had ) not ( sent you to the people of Makkah ) in case a calamity should seize them for ( the deeds ) that their hands have sent forth.
) It is recorded in the Two Sahihs that Ibn Mas`ud said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «لَا أَحَدَ أَغْيَرُ مِنَ اللهِ، مِنْ أَجْلِ ذلِكَ حَرَّمَ الْفَوَاحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ، وَلَا أَحَدْ أَحَبْ إِلَيْهِ الْمَدْحُ مِنَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، مِنْ أَجْلِ ذلِكَ مَدَحَ نَفْسَهُ، وَلَا أَحَدَ أَحَبْ إِلَيْهِ الْعُذْرُ مِنَ اللهِ، مِنْ أَجْلِ ذلِكَ بَعَثَ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِين» ( No one is more jealous than Allah.
This is why He prohibited all types of sin committed in public or secret.
No one likes praise more than Allah, and this is why He has praised Himself.
No one likes to give excuse more than Allah, and this is why He sent the Prophets as bearers of good news and as warners. ) In another narration, the Prophet said, «مِنْ أَجْلِ ذلِكَ أَرْسَلَ رُسُلَهُ وَأَنْزَلَ كُتُبَه» ( And this is why He sent His Messengers and revealed His Books. ) لَّـكِنِ اللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ بِمَآ أَنزَلَ إِلَيْكَ أَنزَلَهُ بِعِلْمِهِ وَالْمَلَـئِكَةُ يَشْهَدُونَ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيداً - إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَصَدُّواْ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ قَدْ ضَلُّواْ ضَلَـلاَ بَعِيداً - إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَظَلَمُواْ لَمْ يَكُنِ اللَّهُ لِيَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ وَلاَ لِيَهْدِيَهُمْ طَرِيقاً

( Messengers ) We have sent all these messengers ( of good cheer ) giving the good news of Paradise for those who believe ( and of warning ) of hell for those who disbelieve in Allah, ( in order that mankind might have no argument ) on the Day of Judgement ( against Allah after the messengers ) after sending the messengers, such that they cannot say: You have not sent us any messenger. ( Allah was ever Mighty ) in His vengeance against those who do not believe in His messenger, ( Wise ) He decreed that they should believe in the messengers.

Messengers as bearers of good news as well as of warning in order that mankind should have no plea against Allah after the Messengers. And Allah is Ever All-Powerful, All-Wise.

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