Surah Ahzab ayat 18 Tafsir Quran 33:18

﴿۞ قَدْ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ الْمُعَوِّقِينَ مِنكُمْ وَالْقَائِلِينَ لِإِخْوَانِهِمْ هَلُمَّ إِلَيْنَا ۖ وَلَا يَأْتُونَ الْبَأْسَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا﴾
[ الأحزاب: 18]

33:18 Already Allah knows the hinderers among you and those [hypocrites] who say to their brothers, "Come to us," and do not go to battle, except for a few,

Indeed God already knows the hinderers among you and those who say to their brethren ‘Come to us’ and they do not engage in the battle except a little for show and for the sake of their reputation

Indeed Allah knows the dissuaders among you and He knows those who exhort their associates and fellows-in-arms against fighting and say to them: Come to us and desert these fighting men. And they themselves hardly join the Muslim forces in combat

هَلُمَّ إِلَيْنَا ( Come here towards us, ) meaning, come to where we are in the shade and enjoying fruits.
But in spite of that, وَلاَ يَأْتُونَ الْبَأْسَ إِلاَّ قَلِيلاً أَشِحَّةً عَلَيْكُمْ ( they come not to the battle except a little, being miserly towards you. ) i.e., `they are mean and have no love or mercy towards you.' As-Suddi said: أَشِحَّةً عَلَيْكُمْ ( Being miserly towards you. ) means, with the booty. فَإِذَا جَآءَ الْخَوْفُ رَأَيْتَهُمْ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ تَدورُ أَعْيُنُهُمْ كَالَّذِى يُغْشَى عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ ( Then when fear comes, you will see them looking to you, their eyes revolving like one over whom hovers death; ) means, because of the intensity of their fear and terror; this is how afraid these cowards are of fighting. فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ الْخَوْفُ سَلَقُوكُم بِأَلْسِنَةٍ حِدَادٍ ( but when the fear departs, they will smite you with sharp tongues, ) means, when security is restored, they will speak eloquently and nicely, claiming that they were the bravest and most chivalrous of men, but they are lying.
Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: سَلَقُوكُم ( they will smite you ) means, 'they will start to talk about you.\” Qatadah said: 'But when it comes to the booty, the most miserly of people and the worst to have to share the booty with are those who say, `Give us, give us, we were there with you,' but during battle they were the most cowardly and the most likely to fail to support the truth.\” They are miserly towards good, meaning that there is no goodness in them, for they have combined cowardice with lies and little good.
Allah says: أوْلَـئِكَ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُواْ فَأَحْبَطَ اللَّهُ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيراً ( Such have not believed.
Therefore Allah makes their deeds fruitless and that is ever easy for Allah. )

(33:18) Allah knows well those of you who create obstructions (in war efforts) and say to their brethren: 'Come and join us.' *29 They hardly take any part in battle.

Already Allah knows the hinderers among you meaning

*29) That is, " Abandon this Prophet and do not become involved in dangers and afflictions only for the sake of the Faith and Truth.
Live a life of ease and comfort as we do. "
 

هَلُمَّ إِلَيْنَا ( Come here towards us, ) meaning, come to where we are in the shade and enjoying fruits.
But in spite of that, وَلاَ يَأْتُونَ الْبَأْسَ إِلاَّ قَلِيلاً أَشِحَّةً عَلَيْكُمْ ( they come not to the battle except a little, being miserly towards you. ) i.e., `they are mean and have no love or mercy towards you.' As-Suddi said: أَشِحَّةً عَلَيْكُمْ ( Being miserly towards you. ) means, with the booty. فَإِذَا جَآءَ الْخَوْفُ رَأَيْتَهُمْ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ تَدورُ أَعْيُنُهُمْ كَالَّذِى يُغْشَى عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ ( Then when fear comes, you will see them looking to you, their eyes revolving like one over whom hovers death; ) means, because of the intensity of their fear and terror; this is how afraid these cowards are of fighting. فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ الْخَوْفُ سَلَقُوكُم بِأَلْسِنَةٍ حِدَادٍ ( but when the fear departs, they will smite you with sharp tongues, ) means, when security is restored, they will speak eloquently and nicely, claiming that they were the bravest and most chivalrous of men, but they are lying.
Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: سَلَقُوكُم ( they will smite you ) means, 'they will start to talk about you.\” Qatadah said: 'But when it comes to the booty, the most miserly of people and the worst to have to share the booty with are those who say, `Give us, give us, we were there with you,' but during battle they were the most cowardly and the most likely to fail to support the truth.\” They are miserly towards good, meaning that there is no goodness in them, for they have combined cowardice with lies and little good.
Allah says: أوْلَـئِكَ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُواْ فَأَحْبَطَ اللَّهُ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيراً ( Such have not believed.
Therefore Allah makes their deeds fruitless and that is ever easy for Allah. )

( Allah already knoweth those of you ) those of the hypocrites ( who hinder ) others to go back to the Ditch, ( and those who say unto their brethren ) and those who say to their friends who are also hypocrites: ( " Come ye hither unto us! " ) in Medina; these were: ’Abdullah Ibn Ubayy, Jadd Ibn Qays and Mu’attib Ibn Qushayr ( and they ) ’Abdullah Ibn Ubayy and his two friends ( come not to the stress of battle ) come not to fighting ( save a little ) out of ostentatious and seeking fame,

Allah already knows those among you who keep back (men) from fighting in Allah's Cause, and those who say to their brethren "Come here towards us," while they (themselves) come not to the battle except a little.

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