Surah Baqarah ayat 194 Tafsir Quran 2:194

﴿الشَّهْرُ الْحَرَامُ بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْحُرُمَاتُ قِصَاصٌ ۚ فَمَنِ اعْتَدَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ﴾
[ البقرة: 194]

2:194 [Fighting in] the sacred month is for [aggression committed in] the sacred month, and for [all] violations is legal retribution. So whoever has assaulted you, then assault him in the same way that he has assaulted you. And fear Allah and know that Allah is with those who fear Him.

The sacred month in return for the sacred month therefore just as they fight you during it kill them during it a response to the Muslims’ consideration of the momentous nature of this matter; holy things hurumāt plural of hurma is what must be treated as sacrosanct demand retaliation in kind if these holy things are violated; whoever commits aggression against you through fighting in the Sacred Enclosure or during a state of ritual purity or in the sacred months then commit aggression against him in the manner that he committed against you the Muslim response is also referred to as ‘aggression’ because that is what it resembles formally; and fear God when avenging yourselves and by renouncing aggression and know that God is with the God-fearing helping and assisting them.

If they fight you during a sacred month, then retaliate during the sacred month, and breaking the solemn observances permits reciprocity. And if they transgress against you and break Allahs command, then lay their transgression to their charge and trespass against them to the same extent and revere Allah, and realize that He upholds those who restrain themselves in reverence to Him

Fighting during the Sacred Months is prohibited, except in Self-Defense Ibn `Abbas, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi, Qatadah, Miqsam, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and `Ata said, "Allah's Messenger ﷺ went for `Umrah on the sixth year of Hijrah.
Then, the idolators prevented him from entering the Sacred House ( the Ka`bah in Makkah ) along with the Muslims who came with him.
This incident occurred during the sacred month of Dhul-Qa`dah.
The idolators agreed to allow them to enter the House the next year.
Hence, the Prophet entered the House the following year, along with the Muslims who accompanied him, and Allah permitted him to avenge the idolators' treatment of him, when He said: الشَّهْرُ الْحَرَامُ بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْحُرُمَـتُ قِصَاصٌ ( The sacred month is for the sacred month, and for the prohibited things, there is the Law of equality (Qisas ).) Imam Ahmad recorded that Jabir bin `Abdullah said, "Allah's Messenger ﷺ would not engage in warfare during the Sacred Month unless he was first attacked, then he would march forth.
He would otherwise remain idle until the end of the Sacred Months." This Hadith has an authentic chain of narrators. Hence, when the Prophet was told that `Uthman was killed ( in Makkah ) when he was camped at the area of Al-Hudaybiyyah, after he had sent `Uthman as his emissary to the polytheists, he accepted the pledge from his Companions under the tree to fight the polytheists.
They were one thousand and four hundred then.
When the Prophet was informed that `Uthman was not killed, he abandoned the fight and reverted to peace. When the Prophet finished fighting with ( the tribes of ) Hawazin during the battle of Hunayn and Hawazin took refuge in ( the city of ) At-Ta'if, he laid siege to that city.
Then, the ( sacred ) month of Dhul-Qa`dah started, while At-Ta'if was still under siege.
The siege went on for the rest of the forty days ( rather, from the day the battle of Hunayn started until the Prophet went back to Al-Madinah from Al-Ji`ranah, were forty days ), as reported in the Two Sahihs and narrated by Anas.
When the Companions suffered mounting casualties ( during the siege ), the Prophet ended the siege before conquering At-Ta'if.
He then went back to Makkah, performed `Umrah from Al-Ji`ranah, where he divided the war booty of Hunayn.
This `Umrah occurred during Dhul-Qa`dah of the eighth year of Al-Hijrah. Allah's statement: فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُواْ عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ ( ...whoever transgresses against you, you transgress likewise against him. ) ordains justice even with the polytheists.
Allah also said in another Ayah: وَإِنْ عَاقَبْتُمْ فَعَاقِبُواْ بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبْتُمْ بِهِ ( And if you punish, then punish them with the like of that with which you were afflicted. ) ( 16:126 ) Allah's statement: وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ ( And fear Allah, and know that Allah is with Al-Muttaqin (the pious )) ( 2:194 ) commands that Allah be obeyed and feared out of Taqwa.
The Ayah informs us that Allah is with those who have Taqwa by His aid and support in this life and the Hereafter.

(2:194) A prohibited month is to be respected, if the same is respected (by the enemy), *206 and likewise there is the law of just retribution for the violation of all prohibited things. Therefore, if anyone transgresses a prohibition by attacking you, you may do likewise, but always fear AIIah and bear in mind that Allah is with those who desist from breaking Allah's bounds.

[Fighting in] the sacred month is for meaning

*206).
From the time of Abraham three months - Dhu al-Qa'dah, Dhu al-Hijjah and Muharram - were consecrated for Hajj, and the month of Rajab was consecrated for 'Umrah.
For the duration of these four months warfare, killing and pillage were prohibited so that people could perform Pilgrimage and return home safely.
For this reason these months were cajied the 'sacred months'.

The purpose of the verse is to stress that if the unbelievers respect the sanctity of the sacred months, the Muslims should do the same.
If, however, they violate this sanctity and subject the Muslims to aggression, then the Muslims are also entitled to retribution even during the 'sacred months'.

The permission mentioned here was called forth by the introduction of nasi', a practice which had been introduced by the Arabs in order to have an advantage over others in their battles and raids.
The manner in which the Arabs used nasi' was such that whenever they wished either to start a conflict in order to satisfy their vendetta or to loot and plunder they carried out their raid in one of the sacred months and then later on tried to compensate for this violation by treating one of the non-sacred months as a sacred month.
The Muslims were, therefore, concerned as to what they should do in case the unbelievers resorted to this artifice and surprised them by an attack in one of the recognized sacred months.
The verse refers to this problem.

 

Fighting during the Sacred Months is prohibited, except in Self-Defense Ibn `Abbas, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi, Qatadah, Miqsam, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and `Ata said, "Allah's Messenger ﷺ went for `Umrah on the sixth year of Hijrah.
Then, the idolators prevented him from entering the Sacred House ( the Ka`bah in Makkah ) along with the Muslims who came with him.
This incident occurred during the sacred month of Dhul-Qa`dah.
The idolators agreed to allow them to enter the House the next year.
Hence, the Prophet entered the House the following year, along with the Muslims who accompanied him, and Allah permitted him to avenge the idolators' treatment of him, when He said: الشَّهْرُ الْحَرَامُ بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْحُرُمَـتُ قِصَاصٌ ( The sacred month is for the sacred month, and for the prohibited things, there is the Law of equality (Qisas ).) Imam Ahmad recorded that Jabir bin `Abdullah said, "Allah's Messenger ﷺ would not engage in warfare during the Sacred Month unless he was first attacked, then he would march forth.
He would otherwise remain idle until the end of the Sacred Months." This Hadith has an authentic chain of narrators. Hence, when the Prophet was told that `Uthman was killed ( in Makkah ) when he was camped at the area of Al-Hudaybiyyah, after he had sent `Uthman as his emissary to the polytheists, he accepted the pledge from his Companions under the tree to fight the polytheists.
They were one thousand and four hundred then.
When the Prophet was informed that `Uthman was not killed, he abandoned the fight and reverted to peace. When the Prophet finished fighting with ( the tribes of ) Hawazin during the battle of Hunayn and Hawazin took refuge in ( the city of ) At-Ta'if, he laid siege to that city.
Then, the ( sacred ) month of Dhul-Qa`dah started, while At-Ta'if was still under siege.
The siege went on for the rest of the forty days ( rather, from the day the battle of Hunayn started until the Prophet went back to Al-Madinah from Al-Ji`ranah, were forty days ), as reported in the Two Sahihs and narrated by Anas.
When the Companions suffered mounting casualties ( during the siege ), the Prophet ended the siege before conquering At-Ta'if.
He then went back to Makkah, performed `Umrah from Al-Ji`ranah, where he divided the war booty of Hunayn.
This `Umrah occurred during Dhul-Qa`dah of the eighth year of Al-Hijrah. Allah's statement: فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُواْ عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ ( ...whoever transgresses against you, you transgress likewise against him. ) ordains justice even with the polytheists.
Allah also said in another Ayah: وَإِنْ عَاقَبْتُمْ فَعَاقِبُواْ بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبْتُمْ بِهِ ( And if you punish, then punish them with the like of that with which you were afflicted. ) ( 16:126 ) Allah's statement: وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ ( And fear Allah, and know that Allah is with Al-Muttaqin (the pious )) ( 2:194 ) commands that Allah be obeyed and feared out of Taqwa.
The Ayah informs us that Allah is with those who have Taqwa by His aid and support in this life and the Hereafter.

( The forbidden month ) in which you entered to perform the lesser pilgrimage ( ’umrah ) ( is for the forbidden month ) which they prevented you from performing, ( and forbidden things in retaliation ) one in retaliation for another. ( And one who attacketh you ) first, in the Sacred Precinct ( attack him in like manner as he attacked you ) by killing them. ( And observe your duty to Allah ) and fear Allah to begin with, ( and know that Allah is with those who ward off (evil )) He assists the pious by giving them victory.

The sacred month is for the sacred month, and for the prohibited things, there is the Law of Equality (Qisas). Then whoever transgresses the prohibition against you, you transgress likewise against him. And fear Allah, and know that Allah is with Al-Muttaqun (the pious - see V. 2:2).

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