Surah Tawbah ayat 2 Tafsir Quran 9:2

﴿فَسِيحُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ غَيْرُ مُعْجِزِي اللَّهِ ۙ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ مُخْزِي الْكَافِرِينَ﴾
[ التوبة: 2]

9:2 So travel freely, [O disbelievers], throughout the land [during] four months but know that you cannot cause failure to Allah and that Allah will disgrace the disbelievers.

‘Journey freely travel in security O idolaters in the land for four months — beginning with the month of Shawwāl on the basis of what will come shortly — after which there will be no security for you and know that you cannot escape God that is you shall not elude His punishment and that God degrades the disbelievers’ humiliating them in this world by having them killed and in the Hereafter by sending them to the Fire.

Nonetheless, you infidels, worshippers of idols, may move freely in the land, if you will, and as, you please. You will be well secured against all assaults for a period of four months. But you must realize that you shall not defeat Allahs purpose nor can you escape His sure watch. He is Omnipresent with unlimited audition, Omniscient of all those whose purpose is to defy His cause, He shall disgrace them and put to shame

Which was revealed in Makkah Why there is no Basmalah in the Beginning of This Surah This honorable Surah ( chapter 9 ) was one of the last Surahs to be revealed to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Al-Bara' said, "The last Ayah to be revealed was, يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِى الْكَلَـلَةِ ( They ask you for a legal verdict.
Say: "Allah directs (thus ) about Al-Kalalah.") 4:176, while the last Surah to be revealed was Bara'ah." The Basmalah was not mentioned in the beginning of this Surah because the Companions did not write it in the complete copy of the Qur'an ( Mushaf ) they collected, following the Commander of the faithful, `Uthman bin `Affan, may Allah be pleased with him.
The first part of this honorable Surah was revealed to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when he returned from the battle of Tabuk, during the Hajj season, which the Prophet thought about attending.
But he remembered that the idolators would still attend that Hajj, as was usual in past years, and that they perform Tawaf around the House while naked.
He disliked to associate with them and sent Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, to lead Hajj that year and show the people their rituals, commanding him to inform the idolators that they would not be allowed to participate in Hajj after that season.
He commanded him to proclaim, بَرَآءَةٌ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ( Freedom from (all ) obligations ( is declared ) from Allah and His Messenger ( )...), to the people.
When Abu Bakr had left, the Messenger ﷺ sent `Ali bin Abu Talib to be the one to deliver this news to the idolators on behalf of the Messenger ﷺ, for he was the Messenger's cousin.
We will mention this story later. Publicizing the Disavowal of the Idolators Allah said, بَرَآءَةٌ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ( Freedom from obligations from Allah and His Messenger ( )), is a declaration of freedom from all obligations from Allah and His Messenger , إِلَى الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ مِّنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَفَسِيحُواْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ ( to those of the Mushrikin, with whom you made a treaty.
So travel freely (Mushrikin ) for four months ( as you will ) throughout the land) 9:1-2.
This Ayah refers to idolators who had indefinite treaties and those, whose treaties with Muslims ended in less than four months.
The terms of these treaties were restricted to four months only.
As for those whose term of peace ended at a specific date later ( than the four months ), then their treaties would end when their terms ended, no matter how long afterwards, for Allah said, فَأَتِمُّواْ إِلَيْهِمْ عَهْدَهُمْ إِلَى مُدَّتِهِمْ ( So fulfill their treaty for them until the end of their term )9:4.
So whoever had a coventant with Allah's Messenger ﷺ then it would last until its period expired, this was reported from Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi and others.
We will also mention a Hadith on this matter.
Abu Ma`shar Al-Madani said that Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi and several others said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Abu Bakr to lead the Hajj rituals on the ninth year ( of Hijrah ).
He also sent `Ali bin Abi Talib with thirty or forty Ayat from Bara'ah ( At-Tawbah ), and he recited them to the people, giving the idolators four months during which they freely move about in the land.
He recited these Ayat on the day of `Arafah ( ninth of Dhul-Hijjah ).
The idolators were given twenty more days ( till the end ) of Dhul-Hijjah, Muharram, Safar, Rabi` Al-Awwal and ten days from Rabi` Ath-Thani.
He proclaimed to them in their camping areas, `No Mushrik will be allowed to perform Hajj after this year, nor a naked person to perform Tawaf around the House."' So Allah said,

(9:2) "You are free to move about in the land for four months more: *3 but you should know that you cannot frustrate the Will of Allah, and that Allah will degrade the rejecters of the Truth."

So travel freely, [O disbelievers], throughout the meaning

*3) The respite of four months from the tenth of Zil-Haj ( the date of the proclamation ) to the tenth of Rabi'-uth-thani; was granted to give time to the mushriks so that they should consider their position carefully and decide whether to make preparation for war or to emigrate from the country or to accept Islam.

 

Which was revealed in Makkah Why there is no Basmalah in the Beginning of This Surah This honorable Surah ( chapter 9 ) was one of the last Surahs to be revealed to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Al-Bara' said, "The last Ayah to be revealed was, يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِى الْكَلَـلَةِ ( They ask you for a legal verdict.
Say: "Allah directs (thus ) about Al-Kalalah.") 4:176, while the last Surah to be revealed was Bara'ah." The Basmalah was not mentioned in the beginning of this Surah because the Companions did not write it in the complete copy of the Qur'an ( Mushaf ) they collected, following the Commander of the faithful, `Uthman bin `Affan, may Allah be pleased with him.
The first part of this honorable Surah was revealed to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when he returned from the battle of Tabuk, during the Hajj season, which the Prophet thought about attending.
But he remembered that the idolators would still attend that Hajj, as was usual in past years, and that they perform Tawaf around the House while naked.
He disliked to associate with them and sent Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, to lead Hajj that year and show the people their rituals, commanding him to inform the idolators that they would not be allowed to participate in Hajj after that season.
He commanded him to proclaim, بَرَآءَةٌ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ( Freedom from (all ) obligations ( is declared ) from Allah and His Messenger ( )...), to the people.
When Abu Bakr had left, the Messenger ﷺ sent `Ali bin Abu Talib to be the one to deliver this news to the idolators on behalf of the Messenger ﷺ, for he was the Messenger's cousin.
We will mention this story later. Publicizing the Disavowal of the Idolators Allah said, بَرَآءَةٌ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ( Freedom from obligations from Allah and His Messenger ( )), is a declaration of freedom from all obligations from Allah and His Messenger , إِلَى الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ مِّنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَفَسِيحُواْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ ( to those of the Mushrikin, with whom you made a treaty.
So travel freely (Mushrikin ) for four months ( as you will ) throughout the land) 9:1-2.
This Ayah refers to idolators who had indefinite treaties and those, whose treaties with Muslims ended in less than four months.
The terms of these treaties were restricted to four months only.
As for those whose term of peace ended at a specific date later ( than the four months ), then their treaties would end when their terms ended, no matter how long afterwards, for Allah said, فَأَتِمُّواْ إِلَيْهِمْ عَهْدَهُمْ إِلَى مُدَّتِهِمْ ( So fulfill their treaty for them until the end of their term )9:4.
So whoever had a coventant with Allah's Messenger ﷺ then it would last until its period expired, this was reported from Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi and others.
We will also mention a Hadith on this matter.
Abu Ma`shar Al-Madani said that Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi and several others said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Abu Bakr to lead the Hajj rituals on the ninth year ( of Hijrah ).
He also sent `Ali bin Abi Talib with thirty or forty Ayat from Bara'ah ( At-Tawbah ), and he recited them to the people, giving the idolators four months during which they freely move about in the land.
He recited these Ayat on the day of `Arafah ( ninth of Dhul-Hijjah ).
The idolators were given twenty more days ( till the end ) of Dhul-Hijjah, Muharram, Safar, Rabi` Al-Awwal and ten days from Rabi` Ath-Thani.
He proclaimed to them in their camping areas, `No Mushrik will be allowed to perform Hajj after this year, nor a naked person to perform Tawaf around the House."' So Allah said,

Allah said to them ( Travel freely in the land ) move about in the land beginning from the day of immolation for ( four months ) safe from being killed because of the treaty, ( and know ) O disbelievers ( that ye cannot escape Allah ) that you cannot escape Allah’s punishment, by being killed, after the lapse of a the four months ( and that Allah will confound the disbelievers ) He will punish the disbelievers after four months by subjecting them to death.

So travel freely (O Mushrikun - see V. 2:105) for four months (as you will) throughout the land, but know that you cannot escape (from the Punishment of) Allah, and Allah will disgrace the disbelievers.

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