Surah Sad ayat 20 Tafsir Quran 38:20

﴿وَشَدَدْنَا مُلْكَهُ وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحِكْمَةَ وَفَصْلَ الْخِطَابِ﴾
[ ص: 20]

38:20 And We strengthened his kingdom and gave him wisdom and discernment in speech.

And We strengthened his Kingdom We reinforced it with guards and hosts every night there thirty thousand men would be standing guard at his sanctuary; and gave him wisdom prophethood and sound judgement in all matters and decisive speech the ability to formulate a satisfactory statement for a decision in any endeavour.

And We strengthened his kingdom and made it strong against attack and stronger in influence, authority and security of position and We imparted to him wisdom and the rules of equity and justice in discourse and passing judgement

Allah tells us that His servant and Messenger Dawud, peace be upon him, was endued with power Al-Ayd means strength in knowledge and action.
Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd said, "Al-Ayd means strength." Mujahid said, "Al-Ayd means strength in obedience to Allah." Qatadah said, "Dawud, peace be upon him, was given strength in worship and the proper understanding of Islam." He told us that he, peace be upon him, used to spend a third of the night in prayer, and he fasted for half a lifetime.
This was reported in the Two Sahihs, where it is recorded that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
«أَحَبُّ الصَّلَاةِ إِلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى صَلَاةُ دَاوُدَ، وَأَحَبُّ الصِّيَامِ إِلَى اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ صِيَامُ دَاوُدَ، كَانَ يَنَامُ نِصْفَ اللَّيْلِ، وَيَقُومُ ثُلُثَهُ، وَيَنَامُ سُدُسَهُ، وَكَانَ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا، وَلَا يَفِرُّ إِذَا لَاقَى، وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ أَوَّابًا»
( The most beloved of prayer to Allah is the prayer of Dawud, and the most beloved of fasting to Allah is the fasting of Dawud.
He used to sleep for half of the night, stand in prayer for a third of the night, then sleep for a sixth of the night, and he used to fast alternate days.
He never fled from the battlefield, and he always turned to Allah. ) which means that he turned to Allah with regard to all of his affairs. إِنَّا سَخَّرْنَا الجِبَالَ مَعَهُ يُسَبِّحْنَ بِالْعَشِىِّ وَالإِشْرَاقِ ( Verily, We made the mountains to glorify Our praises with him in the `Ashi and Ishraq.
) means, Allah caused the mountains to glorify His praises with him at sunrise and at the end of the day.
This is like the Ayah: يَجِبَالُ أَوِّبِى مَعَهُ وَالطَّيْرَ ( O you mountains.
Glorify (Allah ) with him! And you birds ( also )!) ( 34:10 ).
The birds also used to glorify Allah's praises with him.
If a bird flew by him and heard him chanting the Zabur, it would not go away; instead it would stay hovering in the air, glorifying Allah along with him.
And the lofty mountains would respond to him and echo his glorification of Allah.
Ibn Jarir recorded from `Abdullah bin Al-Harith bin Nawfal that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, did not pray Ad-Duha.
`Abdullah said: "So I took him to Umm Hani, may Allah be pleased with her, and said to her, `Tell him what you told me.' She said, `The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered my house on the day of the conquest of Makkah.
He called for water to be poured into a large bowl, then he called for a garment which he used as a screen between me and him, and he washed himself.
Then he sprinkled water around the house and prayed eight Rak`ahs.
This was Ad-Duha, and its standing, bowing, prostration and sitting were all equal in brevity.' Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, left, saying, `I have read the Qur'an from cover to cover, and I never knew about Salat Ad-Duha until now!' Then he recited: يُسَبِّحْنَ بِالْعَشِىِّ وَالإِشْرَاقِ ( glorify Our praises with him in the `Ashi and Ishraq. ) I used to say, "What is Salat Al-Ishraq, but now I know what it is." وَالطَّيْرَ مَحْشُورَةً ( And (so did ) the birds assembled,) meaning, hovering in the air. كُلٌّ لَّهُ أَوَّابٌ ( all obedient to him. ) means, they obeyed him and followed him in glorifying Allah.
Sa`id bin Jubayr, Qatadah and Malik said, narrating from Zayd bin Aslam and Ibn Zayd: كُلٌّ لَّهُ أَوَّابٌ ( all obedient to him. ) means, "Following his commands." وَشَدَدْنَا مُلْكَهُ ( We made his kingdom strong ) means, `We gave him complete dominion with all that kings need.' Ibn Abi Najih reported that Mujahid said, "He was the strongest and most powerful of the people of this world." وَءَاتَيْنَـهُ الْحِكْمَةَ ( and gave him Al-Hikmah ) Mujahid said, "This means understanding, reason and intelligence." Qatadah said, "The Book of Allah and following what is in it." As-Suddi said: الْحِكْمَةَ ( Al-Hikmah ) "Prophethood." وَفَصْلَ الْخِطَابِ ( and sound judgement ) Shurayh Al-Qadi and Ash-Sha`bi said, "Sound judgement is testimony and oaths." Qatadah said, "Two witnesses for the plaintiff or an oath on the part of the defendant is meaning of sound judgement." This is the sound judgement which the Prophets and Messengers judged and the believers and righteous accepted.
This is the basis of this Ummah's judicial system until the Day of Resurrection.
This was the view of Abu `Abdur-Rahman As-Sulami.
Mujahid and As-Suddi said, "It means passing the right judgement and understanding the case." Mujahid also said, "It is soundness in speech and in judgement, and this includes all of the above." This is what is meant, and this is the view favored by Ibn Jarir.

(38:20) And We strengthened his kingdom and endowed him with wisdom and decisive judgement. *20

And We strengthened his kingdom and gave meaning

*20) That is, " He was never ambiguous in speech but clear and forthright.
Whatever problem he talked about he would lay bare its basic points, and would clearly and precisely determine the real issue under question, and would pass a decisive judgement.
" This quality is not attained by a person unless he is granted wisdom, understanding and mastery of language of the highest degree.

 

Allah tells us that His servant and Messenger Dawud, peace be upon him, was endued with power Al-Ayd means strength in knowledge and action.
Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd said, "Al-Ayd means strength." Mujahid said, "Al-Ayd means strength in obedience to Allah." Qatadah said, "Dawud, peace be upon him, was given strength in worship and the proper understanding of Islam." He told us that he, peace be upon him, used to spend a third of the night in prayer, and he fasted for half a lifetime.
This was reported in the Two Sahihs, where it is recorded that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «أَحَبُّ الصَّلَاةِ إِلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى صَلَاةُ دَاوُدَ، وَأَحَبُّ الصِّيَامِ إِلَى اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ صِيَامُ دَاوُدَ، كَانَ يَنَامُ نِصْفَ اللَّيْلِ، وَيَقُومُ ثُلُثَهُ، وَيَنَامُ سُدُسَهُ، وَكَانَ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا، وَلَا يَفِرُّ إِذَا لَاقَى، وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ أَوَّابًا» ( The most beloved of prayer to Allah is the prayer of Dawud, and the most beloved of fasting to Allah is the fasting of Dawud.
He used to sleep for half of the night, stand in prayer for a third of the night, then sleep for a sixth of the night, and he used to fast alternate days.
He never fled from the battlefield, and he always turned to Allah. ) which means that he turned to Allah with regard to all of his affairs. إِنَّا سَخَّرْنَا الجِبَالَ مَعَهُ يُسَبِّحْنَ بِالْعَشِىِّ وَالإِشْرَاقِ ( Verily, We made the mountains to glorify Our praises with him in the `Ashi and Ishraq.
) means, Allah caused the mountains to glorify His praises with him at sunrise and at the end of the day.
This is like the Ayah: يَجِبَالُ أَوِّبِى مَعَهُ وَالطَّيْرَ ( O you mountains.
Glorify (Allah ) with him! And you birds ( also )!) ( 34:10 ).
The birds also used to glorify Allah's praises with him.
If a bird flew by him and heard him chanting the Zabur, it would not go away; instead it would stay hovering in the air, glorifying Allah along with him.
And the lofty mountains would respond to him and echo his glorification of Allah.
Ibn Jarir recorded from `Abdullah bin Al-Harith bin Nawfal that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, did not pray Ad-Duha.
`Abdullah said: "So I took him to Umm Hani, may Allah be pleased with her, and said to her, `Tell him what you told me.' She said, `The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered my house on the day of the conquest of Makkah.
He called for water to be poured into a large bowl, then he called for a garment which he used as a screen between me and him, and he washed himself.
Then he sprinkled water around the house and prayed eight Rak`ahs.
This was Ad-Duha, and its standing, bowing, prostration and sitting were all equal in brevity.' Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, left, saying, `I have read the Qur'an from cover to cover, and I never knew about Salat Ad-Duha until now!' Then he recited: يُسَبِّحْنَ بِالْعَشِىِّ وَالإِشْرَاقِ ( glorify Our praises with him in the `Ashi and Ishraq. ) I used to say, "What is Salat Al-Ishraq, but now I know what it is." وَالطَّيْرَ مَحْشُورَةً ( And (so did ) the birds assembled,) meaning, hovering in the air. كُلٌّ لَّهُ أَوَّابٌ ( all obedient to him. ) means, they obeyed him and followed him in glorifying Allah.
Sa`id bin Jubayr, Qatadah and Malik said, narrating from Zayd bin Aslam and Ibn Zayd: كُلٌّ لَّهُ أَوَّابٌ ( all obedient to him. ) means, "Following his commands." وَشَدَدْنَا مُلْكَهُ ( We made his kingdom strong ) means, `We gave him complete dominion with all that kings need.' Ibn Abi Najih reported that Mujahid said, "He was the strongest and most powerful of the people of this world." وَءَاتَيْنَـهُ الْحِكْمَةَ ( and gave him Al-Hikmah ) Mujahid said, "This means understanding, reason and intelligence." Qatadah said, "The Book of Allah and following what is in it." As-Suddi said: الْحِكْمَةَ ( Al-Hikmah ) "Prophethood." وَفَصْلَ الْخِطَابِ ( and sound judgement ) Shurayh Al-Qadi and Ash-Sha`bi said, "Sound judgement is testimony and oaths." Qatadah said, "Two witnesses for the plaintiff or an oath on the part of the defendant is meaning of sound judgement." This is the sound judgement which the Prophets and Messengers judged and the believers and righteous accepted.
This is the basis of this Ummah's judicial system until the Day of Resurrection.
This was the view of Abu `Abdur-Rahman As-Sulami.
Mujahid and As-Suddi said, "It means passing the right judgement and understanding the case." Mujahid also said, "It is soundness in speech and in judgement, and this includes all of the above." This is what is meant, and this is the view favored by Ibn Jarir.

( We made his kingdom strong ) with guardsmen; his royal chamber was guarded every night by 30,000 men ( and gave him wisdom ) prophethood ( and decisive speech ) and judgement; he never stumbled in his speech when he judged between people. In his judgement proof was required from the claimant while an oath was required from the defendant.

We made his kingdom strong and gave him Al-Hikmah (Prophethood, etc.) and sound judgement in speech and decision.

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