Surah shura ayat 21 Tafsir Quran 42:21

﴿أَمْ لَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ شَرَعُوا لَهُم مِّنَ الدِّينِ مَا لَمْ يَأْذَن بِهِ اللَّهُ ۚ وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةُ الْفَصْلِ لَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ ۗ وَإِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾
[ الشورى: 21]

42:21 Or have they other deities who have ordained for them a religion to which Allah has not consented? But if not for the decisive word, it would have been concluded between them. And indeed, the wrongdoers will have a painful punishment.

Or have they the Meccan disbelievers associates — these being their devils — who have prescribed for them for the disbelievers a religion a corrupt religion which God has not given permission for? such as idolatry and denial of resurrection? And were it not for a prior decisive word in other words a prior decree to the effect that requital will take place on the Day of Resurrection it would have been judged between them and the believers by chastising the former in this world. Truly the wrongdoers the disbelievers will have a painful chastisement.

Or do they have deities who share with Allah His Divine Nature, who ordained for them a particular system of faith and worship other than that Allah has authorized? Had it not been for His word proclaimed beforehand to put punishment in respite to a determined point of time, their Hereafter would have been planted in the now; but the wrongful of actions shall suffer a condign punishment

The Provision of Allah in this World and the Hereafter Here Allah speaks of His kindness towards His creation, in that He provides for every last one of them and does not forget anyone.
When it comes to His provision, the righteous and the sinner are alike.
Allah says: وَمَا مِن دَآبَّةٍ فِي الاٌّرْضِ إِلاَّ عَلَى اللَّهِ رِزْقُهَا وَيَعْلَمُ مُسْتَقَرَّهَا وَمُسْتَوْدَعَهَا كُلٌّ فِى كِتَابٍ مُّبِينٍ ( And no moving creature is there on the earth but its provision is due from Allah.
And He knows its dwelling place and its deposit.
All is in a Clear Book. ) ( 11:6 ) And there are many similar Ayat. يَرْزُقُ مَن يَشَآءُ ( He gives provisions to whom He wills. ) means, He gives generously to whomsoever He wills. وَهُوَ الْقَوِىُّ الْعَزِيزُ ( And He is the All-Strong, the Almighty. ) means, there is nothing that can overpower Him.
Then Allah says: مَن كَانَ يُرِيدُ حَرْثَ الاٌّخِرَةِ ( Whosoever desires the reward of the Hereafter, ) means, whoever does things for the sake of the Hereafter, نَزِدْ لَهُ فِى حَرْثِهِ ( We give him increase in his reward, ) meaning, `We will give him strength and help him to do what he wants to do, and We will increase it for him.
So for every good, We will multiply it and give him between ten and seven hundred good rewards,' as much as Allah wills. وَمَن كَانَ يُرِيدُ حَرْثَ الدُّنْيَا نُؤْتِهِ مِنْهَا وَمَا لَهُ فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ مِن نَّصِيبٍ ( and whosoever desires the reward of this world, We give him thereof, and he has no portion in the Hereafter. ) means, whoever strives for the purpose of worldly gains, and never pays any heed to the Hereafter at all, Allah will deny him the Hereafter; and in this world, if He wills He will give to him and if He does not will, he will gain neither.
So the one who strives with this intention in mind will have the worst deal in this world and in the Hereafter.
The evidence for that is the fact that this Ayah is reinforced by the passage in Subhan ( i.e., Surat Al-Isra' ) in which Allah says: y مَّن كَانَ يُرِيدُ الْعَـجِلَةَ عَجَّلْنَا لَهُ فِيهَا مَا نَشَآءُ لِمَن نُّرِيدُ ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَا لَهُ جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَـهَا مَذْمُومًا مَّدْحُورًا - وَمَنْ أَرَادَ الاٌّخِرَةَ وَسَعَى لَهَا سَعْيَهَا وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَأُولَـئِكَ كَانَ سَعْيُهُم مَّشْكُورًا - كُلاًّ نُّمِدُّ هَـؤُلاءِ وَهَـؤُلاءِ مِنْ عَطَآءِ رَبِّكَ وَمَا كَانَ عَطَآءُ رَبِّكَ مَحْظُورًا - انظُرْ كَيْفَ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَلَلاٌّخِرَةُ أَكْبَرُ دَرَجَـتٍ وَأَكْبَرُ تَفْضِيلاً ( Whoever desires the quick-passing, We readily grant him what We will for whom We like.
Then, afterwards, We have appointed for him Hell; he will (enter ) burn therein disgraced and rejected.
And whoever desires the Hereafter and strives for it, with the necessary effort due for it while he is a believer -- then such are the ones whose striving shall be appreciated.
On each -- these as well as those -- We bestow from the bounties of your Lord.
And the bounties of your Lord can never be forbidden.
See how We prefer one above another ( in this world ), and verily, the Hereafter will be greater in degrees and greater in preferment.) ( 17:18-21 ) It was reported that Ubayy bin Ka`b, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ  said:
«بَشِّرْ هذِهِ الْأُمَّةَ بِالسَّنَاءِ وَالرِّفْعَةِ وَالنَّصْرِ وَالتَّمْكِينِ فِي الْأَرْضِ، فَمَنْ عَمِلَ مِنْهُمْ عَمَلَ الْاخِرَةِ لِلدُّنْيَا، لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ فِي الْاخِرَةِ مِنْ نَصِيب»
( Give the glad tidings to this Ummah of sublimity, high status, victory and power in the land.
But whoever among them does the deeds of the Hereafter for the sake of worldly gain, will have no portion of the Hereafter. )" Making Legislation for the Creatures is Shirk Allah says: أَمْ لَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ شَرَعُواْ لَهُمْ مِّنَ الدِّينِ مَا لَمْ يَأْذَن بِهِ اللَّهُ ( Or have they partners with Allah who have instituted for them a religion which Allah has not ordained ) means, they do not follow what Allah has ordained for you of upright religion; on the contrary, they follow what their devils ( Shayatin ), of men and Jinn, have prescribed for them.
They instituted taboos, such as the Bahirah, Sa'ibah, Wasilah or Ham.
They also permitted eating flesh and blood of animals not slaughtered for consumption, gambling and other kinds of misguidance, ignorance and falsehood.
These are things that they invented during Jahiliyyah, when they came up with all kinds of false rulings on what was permitted and what was forbidden, and false rites of worship and other corrupt ideas.
It was recorded in the Sahih that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ  said:
«رَأَيْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ لُحَيِّ بْنِ قَمَعَةَ يَجُرُّ قُصْبَهُ فِي النَّار»
( I saw `Amr bin Luhayy bin Qama`ah dragging his intestines in Hell ) -- because he had been the first one to introduce the idea of the Sa'ibah.
This man was one of the kings of the Khuza`ah tribe, and he was the first one to do these things.
He was the one who had made the Quraysh worship idols, may the curse of Allah be upon him.
Allah said: وَلَوْلاَ كَلِمَةُ الْفَصْلِ لَقُضِىَ بَيْنَهُمْ ( And had it not been for a decisive Word, the matter would have been judged between them. ) means, the punishment would have been hastened for them, were it not for the fact that it had already been decreed that it would be delayed until the Day of Resurrection. وَإِنَّ الظَّـلِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ( And verily, for the wrongdoers there is a painful torment. ) i.e., an agonizing torment in Hell, what a terrible destination. The Terror of the Idolators in the Place of Gathering تَرَى الظَّـلِمِينَ مُشْفِقِينَ مِمَّا كَسَبُواْ ( You will see the wrongdoers fearful of that which they have earned, ) means, in the arena of Resurrection. وَهُوَ وَاقِعٌ بِهِمْ ( and it will surely befall them. ) means, the thing that they fear will undoubtedly happen to them.
This is how they will be on the Day of Resurrection; they will be in a state of utter fear and terror. وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ فِى رَوْضَـتِ الْجَنَّـتِ لَهُمْ مَّا يَشَآءُونَ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ ( But those who believe and do righteous deeds (will be ) in the flowering meadows of the Gardens.
They shall have whatsoever they desire with their Lord.) What comparison can there be between the former and the latter How can the one who will be in the arena of resurrection in a state of humiliation and fear, deserving it for his wrongdoing, be compared with the one who will be in the gardens of Paradise, enjoying whatever he wants of food, drink, clothing, dwellings, scenery, spouses and other delights such as no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and has never crossed the minds of men.
Allah says: ذَلِكَ هُوَ الْفَضْلُ الْكَبِيرُ ( That is the supreme grace. ) means, the ultimate victory and complete blessing.

(42:21) Do they have any associates (of Allah) who have laid down for them a way pertaining to faith which Allah did not sanction? *38 But for the fact that a decree had already been made, the matter between them would have been decided once and for all. Surely a grievous chastisement awaits the wrong-doers. *39

Or have they other deities who have meaning

*38) In this verse the word shuraka ( associates ) obviously does not mean those beings whom the people invoke, or those in whose names they make offerings, or those before whom they carry out rites of worship, but inevitably it refers to those men whom the people regard as associates in the authority and sovereignty of Allah, whose thoughts, creeds, ideologies and philosophies they believe in, whose values they adroit, whose moral precepts and norms of civilization and culture they accept, and whose laws and rules and regulations they adopt to their rituals and rites of worship, in their personal and collective lives, in their trade and business dealings, in their politics and governments, as if they constituted the shari'ah that they had to follow faithfully.
This is a complete code of life which the inventors invented against the legislation of AIlah, Lord of the worlds, without His sanction and followed by the followers.
This is the same sort of shirk as prostrating oneself before another and invoking another than Allah.
( For further explanation, see An Nisa: 60; AI-Ma'idah: 87; AI.An'am: 121, 136.
137; At-Taubah: 31; Yunus: 59; IbrahIm: 22; An-Nahl: 115-116; AI.Kahf: 52: AI-Qasas: 62.64 : Saba : 41; Ya Sin: GO and the relevant.E N.'s )
*39) That is, 'This is such a boldness against Allah that had not judgement been deferred till Resurrection, the torment would have been sent down on every such person, who in spite of being Allah'.
servant, enforced his own religion and way of life on Allah's earth, and those people also would have been visited by it, who forsook Allah's Religion and accepted the religion invented by others."
 

The Provision of Allah in this World and the Hereafter Here Allah speaks of His kindness towards His creation, in that He provides for every last one of them and does not forget anyone.
When it comes to His provision, the righteous and the sinner are alike.
Allah says: وَمَا مِن دَآبَّةٍ فِي الاٌّرْضِ إِلاَّ عَلَى اللَّهِ رِزْقُهَا وَيَعْلَمُ مُسْتَقَرَّهَا وَمُسْتَوْدَعَهَا كُلٌّ فِى كِتَابٍ مُّبِينٍ ( And no moving creature is there on the earth but its provision is due from Allah.
And He knows its dwelling place and its deposit.
All is in a Clear Book. ) ( 11:6 ) And there are many similar Ayat. يَرْزُقُ مَن يَشَآءُ ( He gives provisions to whom He wills. ) means, He gives generously to whomsoever He wills. وَهُوَ الْقَوِىُّ الْعَزِيزُ ( And He is the All-Strong, the Almighty. ) means, there is nothing that can overpower Him.
Then Allah says: مَن كَانَ يُرِيدُ حَرْثَ الاٌّخِرَةِ ( Whosoever desires the reward of the Hereafter, ) means, whoever does things for the sake of the Hereafter, نَزِدْ لَهُ فِى حَرْثِهِ ( We give him increase in his reward, ) meaning, `We will give him strength and help him to do what he wants to do, and We will increase it for him.
So for every good, We will multiply it and give him between ten and seven hundred good rewards,' as much as Allah wills. وَمَن كَانَ يُرِيدُ حَرْثَ الدُّنْيَا نُؤْتِهِ مِنْهَا وَمَا لَهُ فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ مِن نَّصِيبٍ ( and whosoever desires the reward of this world, We give him thereof, and he has no portion in the Hereafter. ) means, whoever strives for the purpose of worldly gains, and never pays any heed to the Hereafter at all, Allah will deny him the Hereafter; and in this world, if He wills He will give to him and if He does not will, he will gain neither.
So the one who strives with this intention in mind will have the worst deal in this world and in the Hereafter.
The evidence for that is the fact that this Ayah is reinforced by the passage in Subhan ( i.e., Surat Al-Isra' ) in which Allah says: y مَّن كَانَ يُرِيدُ الْعَـجِلَةَ عَجَّلْنَا لَهُ فِيهَا مَا نَشَآءُ لِمَن نُّرِيدُ ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَا لَهُ جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَـهَا مَذْمُومًا مَّدْحُورًا - وَمَنْ أَرَادَ الاٌّخِرَةَ وَسَعَى لَهَا سَعْيَهَا وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَأُولَـئِكَ كَانَ سَعْيُهُم مَّشْكُورًا - كُلاًّ نُّمِدُّ هَـؤُلاءِ وَهَـؤُلاءِ مِنْ عَطَآءِ رَبِّكَ وَمَا كَانَ عَطَآءُ رَبِّكَ مَحْظُورًا - انظُرْ كَيْفَ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَلَلاٌّخِرَةُ أَكْبَرُ دَرَجَـتٍ وَأَكْبَرُ تَفْضِيلاً ( Whoever desires the quick-passing, We readily grant him what We will for whom We like.
Then, afterwards, We have appointed for him Hell; he will (enter ) burn therein disgraced and rejected.
And whoever desires the Hereafter and strives for it, with the necessary effort due for it while he is a believer -- then such are the ones whose striving shall be appreciated.
On each -- these as well as those -- We bestow from the bounties of your Lord.
And the bounties of your Lord can never be forbidden.
See how We prefer one above another ( in this world ), and verily, the Hereafter will be greater in degrees and greater in preferment.) ( 17:18-21 ) It was reported that Ubayy bin Ka`b, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ  said: «بَشِّرْ هذِهِ الْأُمَّةَ بِالسَّنَاءِ وَالرِّفْعَةِ وَالنَّصْرِ وَالتَّمْكِينِ فِي الْأَرْضِ، فَمَنْ عَمِلَ مِنْهُمْ عَمَلَ الْاخِرَةِ لِلدُّنْيَا، لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ فِي الْاخِرَةِ مِنْ نَصِيب» ( Give the glad tidings to this Ummah of sublimity, high status, victory and power in the land.
But whoever among them does the deeds of the Hereafter for the sake of worldly gain, will have no portion of the Hereafter. )" Making Legislation for the Creatures is Shirk Allah says: أَمْ لَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ شَرَعُواْ لَهُمْ مِّنَ الدِّينِ مَا لَمْ يَأْذَن بِهِ اللَّهُ ( Or have they partners with Allah who have instituted for them a religion which Allah has not ordained ) means, they do not follow what Allah has ordained for you of upright religion; on the contrary, they follow what their devils ( Shayatin ), of men and Jinn, have prescribed for them.
They instituted taboos, such as the Bahirah, Sa'ibah, Wasilah or Ham.
They also permitted eating flesh and blood of animals not slaughtered for consumption, gambling and other kinds of misguidance, ignorance and falsehood.
These are things that they invented during Jahiliyyah, when they came up with all kinds of false rulings on what was permitted and what was forbidden, and false rites of worship and other corrupt ideas.
It was recorded in the Sahih that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ  said: «رَأَيْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ لُحَيِّ بْنِ قَمَعَةَ يَجُرُّ قُصْبَهُ فِي النَّار» ( I saw `Amr bin Luhayy bin Qama`ah dragging his intestines in Hell ) -- because he had been the first one to introduce the idea of the Sa'ibah.
This man was one of the kings of the Khuza`ah tribe, and he was the first one to do these things.
He was the one who had made the Quraysh worship idols, may the curse of Allah be upon him.
Allah said: وَلَوْلاَ كَلِمَةُ الْفَصْلِ لَقُضِىَ بَيْنَهُمْ ( And had it not been for a decisive Word, the matter would have been judged between them. ) means, the punishment would have been hastened for them, were it not for the fact that it had already been decreed that it would be delayed until the Day of Resurrection. وَإِنَّ الظَّـلِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ( And verily, for the wrongdoers there is a painful torment. ) i.e., an agonizing torment in Hell, what a terrible destination. The Terror of the Idolators in the Place of Gathering تَرَى الظَّـلِمِينَ مُشْفِقِينَ مِمَّا كَسَبُواْ ( You will see the wrongdoers fearful of that which they have earned, ) means, in the arena of Resurrection. وَهُوَ وَاقِعٌ بِهِمْ ( and it will surely befall them. ) means, the thing that they fear will undoubtedly happen to them.
This is how they will be on the Day of Resurrection; they will be in a state of utter fear and terror. وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ فِى رَوْضَـتِ الْجَنَّـتِ لَهُمْ مَّا يَشَآءُونَ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ ( But those who believe and do righteous deeds (will be ) in the flowering meadows of the Gardens.
They shall have whatsoever they desire with their Lord.) What comparison can there be between the former and the latter How can the one who will be in the arena of resurrection in a state of humiliation and fear, deserving it for his wrongdoing, be compared with the one who will be in the gardens of Paradise, enjoying whatever he wants of food, drink, clothing, dwellings, scenery, spouses and other delights such as no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and has never crossed the minds of men.
Allah says: ذَلِكَ هُوَ الْفَضْلُ الْكَبِيرُ ( That is the supreme grace. ) means, the ultimate victory and complete blessing.

( Or have they ) i.e. the disbelievers of Mecca ( partners (of Allah )) deities ( who have made lawful for them in religion that which Allah allowed not ) that which Allah did not command the disbelievers: Abu Jahl and his host? ( And but for a decisive word (gone forth already )) to delay the punishment of this nation, ( it would have been judged between them ) they would have been destroyed. ( Lo! for wrong-doers ) for disbelievers (is a painful doom.

Or have they partners with Allah (false gods), who have instituted for them a religion which Allah has not allowed. And had it not been for a decisive Word (gone forth already), the matter would have been judged between them. And verily, for the Zalimun (polytheists and wrong-doers), there is a painful torment.

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