Surah Jinn ayat 28 Tafsir Quran 72:28

﴿لِّيَعْلَمَ أَن قَدْ أَبْلَغُوا رِسَالَاتِ رَبِّهِمْ وَأَحَاطَ بِمَا لَدَيْهِمْ وَأَحْصَىٰ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ عَدَدًا﴾
[ الجن: 28]

72:28 That he may know that they have conveyed the messages of their Lord; and He has encompassed whatever is with them and has enumerated all things in number.

so that He God may know by knowledge outwardly manifested that an softened in place of the hardened form that is to say annahu they that is the messengers have conveyed the Messages of their Lord the plural person of the verb ablaghū ‘they have conveyed’ takes into account the plural implication of man ‘whom’ and He encompasses all that is with them wa-ahāta bimā ladayhim is a supplement to an implied clause that is to say so He has knowledge of that and keeps count of all things’ ‘adadan ‘count’ is for specification; it is transformed from a direct object sc. ‘adada originally ahsā ‘adada kulli shay’in ‘He keeps count of all things’.

But Allah would know whether His Messengers have proclaimed their Creators messages or they did not and He knows well what is within them and what is without; He has computed everything in a determinate number

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ does not know when the Hour will be Allah commands His Messenger to say to the people that he has no knowledge of when the Hour will be and he does not know whether its time is near or far. قُلْ إِنْ أَدْرِى أَقَرِيبٌ مَّا تُوعَدُونَ أَمْ يَجْعَلُ لَهُ رَبِّى أَمَداً ( Say: "I know not whether which you are promised is near or whether my Lord will appoint for it a distant term." ) meaning, a long period of time.
In this noble Ayah is an evidence that the Hadith that many of the ignorant people often circulate, which says that the Prophet will not remain under the earth more than one thousand years ( i.e., the Hour will be before that period ) is a baseless lie.
We have not seen it in any of the Books ( of Hadith ).
Verily, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked about the time of the Hour and he would not respond.
When Jibril appeared to him in the form of a bedouin Arab, one of the questions he asked the Prophet was, "O Muhammad! Tell me about the Hour" So the Prophet replied,
«مَا الْمَسْؤُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِل»
( The one questioned about it knows no more than the questioner. ) On another occasion when a bedouin Arab called out to the Prophet in a loud voice saying, "O Muhammad! When will be the Hour" The Prophet said,
«وَيْحَكَ إِنَّهَا كَائِنَةٌ، فَمَا أَعْدَدْتَ لَهَا؟»
( Woe unto you.
Verily, it will occur so what have you prepared for it ) The man replied, "I have not prepared much for it of prayers and fasting, but I love Allah and His Messenger." The Prophet then replied,
«فَأَنْتَ مَعَ مَنْ أَحْبَبْت»
( Then you will be with whomever you love. ) Anas said, "The Muslims were not happier with anything like they were upon ( hearing ) this Hadith." Concerning Allah's statement, عَـلِمُ الْغَيْبِ فَلاَ يُظْهِرُ عَلَى غَيْبِهِ أَحَداً إِلاَّ مَنِ ارْتَضَى مِن رَّسُولٍ ( The All-Knower of the Unseen, and He reveals to none His Unseen.
Except to a Messenger ) This is similar to Allah's statement, وَلاَ يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِّنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلاَّ بِمَا شَآءَ ( And they will never compass any thing of His knowledge except that which He wills. ) ( 2:255 ) Similarly, Allah says here that He knows the unseen and the seen and that no one of His creation can attain any of His knowledge except that which Allah allows him to have.
Thus, Allah says, عَـلِمُ الْغَيْبِ فَلاَ يُظْهِرُ عَلَى غَيْبِهِ أَحَداً إِلاَّ مَنِ ارْتَضَى مِن رَّسُولٍ ( The All-Knower of the Unseen, and He reveals to none His Unseen.
Except to a Messenger whom He has chosen, ) This includes the angelic Messenger and the human Messenger.
Then Allah says, فَإِنَّهُ يَسْلُكُ مِن بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ رَصَداً ( and then He makes a band of watching guards to march before him and behind him. ) meaning, He particularly gives him additional guardian angels who protect him by the command of Allah and they accompany him with that which is with him of Allah's revelation.
Thus, Allah says, لِّيَعْلَمَ أَن قَدْ أَبْلَغُواْ رِسَـلَـتِ رَبِّهِمْ وَأَحَاطَ بِمَا لَدَيْهِمْ وَأَحْصَى كُلَّ شَىْءٍ عَدَداً ( Till he knows that they have conveyed the Messages of their Lord.
And He surrounds all that which is with them, and He keeps count of all things. ) The pronoun `he' which is in His statement, لِيَعْلَمَ ( Till he knows ) refers to the Prophet .
Ibn Jarir recorded from Sa`id bin Jubayr that he said concerning the Ayah, عَـلِمُ الْغَيْبِ فَلاَ يُظْهِرُ عَلَى غَيْبِهِ أَحَداً - إِلاَّ مَنِ ارْتَضَى مِن رَّسُولٍ فَإِنَّهُ يَسْلُكُ مِن بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ رَصَداً ( The All-Knower of the Unseen, and He reveals to none His Unseen.
Except to a Messenger whom He has chosen, and then He makes a band of watching guards to march before him and behind him. ) "These are four guardians among the angels along with Jibril, لِيَعْلَمَ ( Till he knows ) This means Muhammad ﷺ, أَن قَدْ أَبْلَغُواْ رِسَـلَـتِ رَبِّهِمْ وَأَحَاطَ بِمَا لَدَيْهِمْ وَأَحْصَى كُلَّ شَىْءٍ عَدَداً ( that they have conveyed the Messages of their Lord.
And He surrounds all that which is with them, and He keeps count of all things. )" This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hatim.
It has also been reported by Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi and Yazid bin Abi Habib.
`Abdur-Razzaq reported from Ma`mar, from Qatadah, لِّيَعْلَمَ أَن قَدْ أَبْلَغُواْ رِسَـلَـتِ رَبِّهِمْ ( Till he knows that they have conveyed the Messages of their Lord. ) "So that the Prophet of Allah would know that the Messengers had conveyed their Messages from Allah and that the angels have protected them and defended them." This has also been reported by Sa`id bin Abi `Arubah from Qatadah, and Ibn Jarir preferred this interpretation.
Al-Baghawi said, "Ya`qub recited it as, ( لِيُعْلَمَ ) ( in order to be known ) this means, so that the people may know that the Messengers had conveyed the Message." It also could carry the meaning that the pronoun refers to Allah ( i.e., So that He (Allah ) may know).
This opinion has been mentioned by Ibn Al-Jawzi in Zad Al-Masir.
The meaning of this is that He protects His Messengers through His angels so that they will be able to convey His Messages.
He protects what He reveals to them of revelation so that He will know that they have indeed conveyed the Messages of their Lord.
This is like His statement, وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الْقِبْلَةَ الَّتِى كُنتَ عَلَيْهَآ إِلاَّ لِنَعْلَمَ مَن يَتَّبِعُ الرَّسُولَ مِمَّن يَنقَلِبُ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ ( And We made the Qiblah which you used to face, only that We know who followed the Messenger from those who would turn on their heels. ) ( 2:143 ) Allah also said, وَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ الْمُنَـفِقِينَ ( Verily, Allah knows those who believe, and that He knows the hypocrites. ) ( 29:11 ) It should be added to these examples that from Allah's knowledge is that He knows all things before they occur, and this is something definite and certain.
Therefore, He says after this, وَأَحَاطَ بِمَا لَدَيْهِمْ وَأَحْصَى كُلَّ شَىْءٍ عَدَداً ( And He surrounds all that which is with them, and He keeps count of all things. ) This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Jinn, and all praises and thanks are due to Allah.

(72:28) so that He may know that they have delivered the messages of their Lord. *29 He encompasses in His knowledge their surroundings and keeps a count of all things.' *30

That he may know that they have meaning

*29) This can have three meanings: ( 1 ) That the Messenger may know that the angels have delivered the messages of AIIah to him precisely and accurately; ( 2 ) that Allah may know that the angels have conveyed the messages of their Lord to His Messenger precisely and accurately; and ( 3 ) that AIIah may know that the Messenger has conveyed the messages of his Lord to His servants precisely and accurately.
The words of the verse are comprehensive and may possibly imply all the three meanings.
Besides, the verse also points out two other things: first, that the Messenger is given that knowledge of the unseen, which is necessary for him to perform his mission of Prophethood; second, that the angels keep watch that the Revelation reaches the Messenger safely and also that the Messenger conveys the messages of his Lord to His servants precisely and accurately.

*30) That is, Allah's power so encompasses the Messenger as well as the angels that if they swerve even a little from His will, they can be detected immediately.
Moreover, a complete record has been kept of each letter of the messages sent down by Allah.
The Messengers and the angels cannot dare add or subtract even a letter from them.

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ does not know when the Hour will be Allah commands His Messenger to say to the people that he has no knowledge of when the Hour will be and he does not know whether its time is near or far. قُلْ إِنْ أَدْرِى أَقَرِيبٌ مَّا تُوعَدُونَ أَمْ يَجْعَلُ لَهُ رَبِّى أَمَداً ( Say: "I know not whether which you are promised is near or whether my Lord will appoint for it a distant term." ) meaning, a long period of time.
In this noble Ayah is an evidence that the Hadith that many of the ignorant people often circulate, which says that the Prophet will not remain under the earth more than one thousand years ( i.e., the Hour will be before that period ) is a baseless lie.
We have not seen it in any of the Books ( of Hadith ).
Verily, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked about the time of the Hour and he would not respond.
When Jibril appeared to him in the form of a bedouin Arab, one of the questions he asked the Prophet was, "O Muhammad! Tell me about the Hour" So the Prophet replied, «مَا الْمَسْؤُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِل» ( The one questioned about it knows no more than the questioner. ) On another occasion when a bedouin Arab called out to the Prophet in a loud voice saying, "O Muhammad! When will be the Hour" The Prophet said, «وَيْحَكَ إِنَّهَا كَائِنَةٌ، فَمَا أَعْدَدْتَ لَهَا؟» ( Woe unto you.
Verily, it will occur so what have you prepared for it ) The man replied, "I have not prepared much for it of prayers and fasting, but I love Allah and His Messenger." The Prophet then replied, «فَأَنْتَ مَعَ مَنْ أَحْبَبْت» ( Then you will be with whomever you love. ) Anas said, "The Muslims were not happier with anything like they were upon ( hearing ) this Hadith." Concerning Allah's statement, عَـلِمُ الْغَيْبِ فَلاَ يُظْهِرُ عَلَى غَيْبِهِ أَحَداً إِلاَّ مَنِ ارْتَضَى مِن رَّسُولٍ ( The All-Knower of the Unseen, and He reveals to none His Unseen.
Except to a Messenger ) This is similar to Allah's statement, وَلاَ يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِّنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلاَّ بِمَا شَآءَ ( And they will never compass any thing of His knowledge except that which He wills. ) ( 2:255 ) Similarly, Allah says here that He knows the unseen and the seen and that no one of His creation can attain any of His knowledge except that which Allah allows him to have.
Thus, Allah says, عَـلِمُ الْغَيْبِ فَلاَ يُظْهِرُ عَلَى غَيْبِهِ أَحَداً إِلاَّ مَنِ ارْتَضَى مِن رَّسُولٍ ( The All-Knower of the Unseen, and He reveals to none His Unseen.
Except to a Messenger whom He has chosen, ) This includes the angelic Messenger and the human Messenger.
Then Allah says, فَإِنَّهُ يَسْلُكُ مِن بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ رَصَداً ( and then He makes a band of watching guards to march before him and behind him. ) meaning, He particularly gives him additional guardian angels who protect him by the command of Allah and they accompany him with that which is with him of Allah's revelation.
Thus, Allah says, لِّيَعْلَمَ أَن قَدْ أَبْلَغُواْ رِسَـلَـتِ رَبِّهِمْ وَأَحَاطَ بِمَا لَدَيْهِمْ وَأَحْصَى كُلَّ شَىْءٍ عَدَداً ( Till he knows that they have conveyed the Messages of their Lord.
And He surrounds all that which is with them, and He keeps count of all things. ) The pronoun `he' which is in His statement, لِيَعْلَمَ ( Till he knows ) refers to the Prophet .
Ibn Jarir recorded from Sa`id bin Jubayr that he said concerning the Ayah, عَـلِمُ الْغَيْبِ فَلاَ يُظْهِرُ عَلَى غَيْبِهِ أَحَداً - إِلاَّ مَنِ ارْتَضَى مِن رَّسُولٍ فَإِنَّهُ يَسْلُكُ مِن بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ رَصَداً ( The All-Knower of the Unseen, and He reveals to none His Unseen.
Except to a Messenger whom He has chosen, and then He makes a band of watching guards to march before him and behind him. ) "These are four guardians among the angels along with Jibril, لِيَعْلَمَ ( Till he knows ) This means Muhammad ﷺ, أَن قَدْ أَبْلَغُواْ رِسَـلَـتِ رَبِّهِمْ وَأَحَاطَ بِمَا لَدَيْهِمْ وَأَحْصَى كُلَّ شَىْءٍ عَدَداً ( that they have conveyed the Messages of their Lord.
And He surrounds all that which is with them, and He keeps count of all things. )" This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hatim.
It has also been reported by Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi and Yazid bin Abi Habib.
`Abdur-Razzaq reported from Ma`mar, from Qatadah, لِّيَعْلَمَ أَن قَدْ أَبْلَغُواْ رِسَـلَـتِ رَبِّهِمْ ( Till he knows that they have conveyed the Messages of their Lord. ) "So that the Prophet of Allah would know that the Messengers had conveyed their Messages from Allah and that the angels have protected them and defended them." This has also been reported by Sa`id bin Abi `Arubah from Qatadah, and Ibn Jarir preferred this interpretation.
Al-Baghawi said, "Ya`qub recited it as, ( لِيُعْلَمَ ) ( in order to be known ) this means, so that the people may know that the Messengers had conveyed the Message." It also could carry the meaning that the pronoun refers to Allah ( i.e., So that He (Allah ) may know).
This opinion has been mentioned by Ibn Al-Jawzi in Zad Al-Masir.
The meaning of this is that He protects His Messengers through His angels so that they will be able to convey His Messages.
He protects what He reveals to them of revelation so that He will know that they have indeed conveyed the Messages of their Lord.
This is like His statement, وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الْقِبْلَةَ الَّتِى كُنتَ عَلَيْهَآ إِلاَّ لِنَعْلَمَ مَن يَتَّبِعُ الرَّسُولَ مِمَّن يَنقَلِبُ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ ( And We made the Qiblah which you used to face, only that We know who followed the Messenger from those who would turn on their heels. ) ( 2:143 ) Allah also said, وَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ الْمُنَـفِقِينَ ( Verily, Allah knows those who believe, and that He knows the hypocrites. ) ( 29:11 ) It should be added to these examples that from Allah's knowledge is that He knows all things before they occur, and this is something definite and certain.
Therefore, He says after this, وَأَحَاطَ بِمَا لَدَيْهِمْ وَأَحْصَى كُلَّ شَىْءٍ عَدَداً ( And He surrounds all that which is with them, and He keeps count of all things. ) This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Jinn, and all praises and thanks are due to Allah.

( That He ) that Muhammad ( pbuh ) ( may know that they ) i.e. the messengers ( have indeed conveyed the messages of their Lord ) the angels protected them just as they are protecting you; it is also said that this means: so that the messengers, Muhammad and other messengers, know that the angels have conveyed the message from Allah; and it is also said that this means: so that the jinn and human beings know that the messengers have conveyed the messages of their Lord. ( He surroundeth all their doings ) He has full knowledge of all the angels that surround them, ( and He keepeth count of all things ) it is also said that He knows their number just as He knows the state of the one who is wrapped up in his raiment’.

[He (Allah) protects them (the Messengers)], till He sees that they (the Messengers) have conveyed the Messages of their Lord (Allah). And He (Allah) surrounds all that which is with them, and He (Allah) keeps count of all things (i.e. He knows the exact number of everything).

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