Surah Fatir ayat 32 Tafsir Quran 35:32

﴿ثُمَّ أَوْرَثْنَا الْكِتَابَ الَّذِينَ اصْطَفَيْنَا مِنْ عِبَادِنَا ۖ فَمِنْهُمْ ظَالِمٌ لِّنَفْسِهِ وَمِنْهُم مُّقْتَصِدٌ وَمِنْهُمْ سَابِقٌ بِالْخَيْرَاتِ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الْفَضْلُ الْكَبِيرُ﴾
[ فاطر: 32]

35:32 Then we caused to inherit the Book those We have chosen of Our servants; and among them is he who wrongs himself, and among them is he who is moderate, and among them is he who is foremost in good deeds by permission of Allah. That [inheritance] is what is the great bounty.

Then We gave the Book the Qur’ān to those of Our servants whom We chose namely your community. Yet some of them are those who wrong themselves by failing to act fully in accordance with it and some of them are moderate acting in accordance with it most of the time and some are those who take the lead in performing good works so that in addition to his acquiring knowledge he disseminates it and shows others the way to proper conduct as well as acting in accordance with the Qur’ān by the leave of God by His will. That bequest to them of the Book is the greatest favour!

And We made the Book an heritage We bequeathed to such of Our servants as We have chosen and taken by preference. Some of them, the wrongful of actions, are being unfair to themselves. Others choose a middle way between right and wrong and some do vie by the grace of Allah in doing all that is good and all that reflects wisdom and piety. This is indeed the sufficient grace abounding in whom He will as well as the efficacious grace which effects the end for which it is given

The Inheritance of the Qur'an is of three kinds Allah says: `Then We made those who uphold the Book confirming what came before, the one whom We have chosen from among Our servants.
They are this Ummah, who are divided into three types.' Allah says: فَمِنْهُمْ ظَـلِمٌ لِّنَفْسِهِ ( Then of them are some who wrong themselves, ) these are the ones who are careless about doing some obligatory actions, and who commit some forbidden actions. وَمِنْهُمْ مُّقْتَصِدٌ ( and of them are some who follow a middle course, ) these are the ones who fulfill their obligations and avoid things that are forbidden, but they may neglect some good deeds and do some things which are disliked. وَمِنْهُمْ سَابِقٌ بِالْخَيْرَتِ بِإِذُنِ اللَّهِ ( and of them are some who are, by Allah's leave, foremost in good deeds. ) these are the ones who do obligatory actions and things which are encouraged, and who avoid doing unlawful and disliked actions, and avoid some actions which are permissible.
`Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas commented on the Ayah: ثُمَّ أَوْرَثْنَا الْكِتَـبَ الَّذِينَ اصْطَفَيْنَا مِنْ عِبَادِنَا ( Then We gave the Book as inheritance to such of Our servants whom We chose.
) "This refers to the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ.
Allah caused it to inherit every Book that He had revealed; those who wrong themselves will be forgiven, those who follow a middle course will have an easy accounting, and those who are foremost in good deeds will enter Paradise without being brought to account." Abu Al-Qasim At-Tabarani reported from Ibn `Abbas that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said one day:
«شَفَاعَتِي لِأَهْلِ الْكَبَائِرِ مِنْ أُمَّتِي»
( My intercession will be for those among my Ummah who commit major sins. )" Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "Those who are foremost in good deeds will enter Paradise without being brought to account; those who follow a middle course will enter Paradise by the mercy of Allah; and those who wrong themselves and Ashab Al-A`raf will enter Paradise by the intercession of Muhammad ﷺ ." It was also reported from a number of the Salaf that those among this Ummah who wrong themselves are still among those whom Allah has chosen, even though they are imperfect and fell short by not adhering to the straight path.
Others said that those who wrong themselves are not part of this Ummah and are not among those whom Allah has chosen and who inherited the Book.
The correct view is that they are also part of this Ummah. The Virtues of the Scholars The scholars are the most fortunate of people with regard to this blessing, and the most entitled to this mercy.
Imam Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded that Qays bin Kathir said, "One of the people of Al-Madinah came to Abu Ad-Darda', may Allah be pleased with him, when he was in Damascus.
Abu Ad-Darda' said, `What brought you here, my brother' He said, `A Hadith which I heard that you narrate from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.' He said, `Have you come for trade' He said, `No.' He said, `Have you come for any other reason' He said, `No.' He said, `Have you come only to seek this Hadith' He said, `Yes.' He, may Allah be pleased with him said, `I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say:
«مَنْ سَلَكَ طَرِيقًا يَطْلُبُ فِيهَا عِلْمًا، سَلَكَ اللهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ طَرِيقًا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ، وَإِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ لَتَضَعُ أَجْنِحَتَهَا رِضًا لِطَالِبِ الْعِلْمِ، وَإِنَّهُ لَيَسْتَغْفِرُ لِلْعَالِمِ مَنْ فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ حَتَّى الْحِيتَانُ فِي الْمَاءِ، وَفَضْلُ الْعَالِمِ عَلَى الْعَابِدِ كَفَضْلِ الْقَمَرِ عَلَى سَائِرِ الْكَوَاكِبِ، وَإِنَّ الْعُلَمَاءَ هُمْ وَرَثَةُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، وَإِنَّ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ لَمْ يُوَرِّثُوا دِينَارًا وَلَا دِرْهَمًا، وَإِنَّمَا وَرَّثُوا الْعِلْمَ، فَمَنْ أَخَذَ بِهِ أَخَذَ بِحَظَ وَافِر»
( Whoever follows a path to seek knowledge, Allah will show him the way to Paradise.
The angels lower their wings being pleased with the one who seeks knowledge.
Whoever is in the heavens and on earth, even the fish in the sea, ask for forgiveness for the scholar.
The superiority of the scholar over the worshipper is like that of the moon over all other heavenly bodies.
The scholars are the heirs of the Prophets, for the Prophets did not leave behind Dinars and Dirhams, but they left behind knowledge; and whoever receives it, receives an abundance of good fortune. )"' It was also reported by Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah.

(35:32) Then We bequeathed the Book to those of Our servants that We chose. *55Now, some of them wrong themselves and some follow the medium course; and some, by Allah's leave, vie with each other in acts of goodness. That is the great bounty. *56

Then we caused to inherit the Book meaning

*55) This implies the Muslims, who have been sorted out from all mankind so that they may become heirs to the Book of Allah, and convey its message to others after the Holy Prophet Muhammad ( upon whom be Allah's peace and blessings ).
Though this Book has been presented before all human beings, those who accepted it in the first instance, were chosen for the honour to become heirs to a great Book like the Qur'an and the trustees of the teaching and guidance imparted by a great Messenger like the Holy Prophet Muhammad ( upon whom be Allah's peace and blessings ).

*56) That is, " All these Muslims are not alike but are divided into three classes: ( 1 ) Those unjust to themselves: They are those who believe sincerely and honestly that the Qur'an is the .
Book of Allah and Muhammad ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) the Messenger of Allah, but in practical life do not fully follow the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger.
They are believers but sinful; culprits but not rebellious; weak of faith but not hypocritical and unbelieving at heart.
Therefore, although they are 'unjust to themselves, " they have been included among the chosen servants of God and among the heirs to the Book; otherwise, obviously the rebels and the hypocrites and the unbelieving people could not be so treated and honoured.
This class of the believers have been mentioned first of All because they are most numerous among the Muslims.

( 2 ) Those following the middle course: They are the people who fulfil the obligations of this inheritance to some extent but not fully.
They are obedient as well as erring.
They have not left their self altogether free but try as best as they can to turn it to God's obedience; however, at times they give it undue freedom and become involved in sin.
Thus, their life becomes a combination of both the good and the evil actions.
They are less numerous than the first group but more than the third; that is why they have been mentioned second.

( 3 ) Those excelling in good deeds: They are the people of the first rank among the heirs to the Book, and they are the ones who are doing full justice to the inheritance.
They are in the forefront in following and adhering to the Book and the Sunnah; in conveying the message of God to His servants, in offering the sacrifices for the sake of the true Faith, and in every pious and good work.
They arc not the ones who would commit a sin deliberately, but if they happened to commit a sin inadvertently, they would be filled with remorse as soon as they became conscious of it.
They are less numerous than the people of the first two groups, and therefore, have been mentioned last, although they merit the first place in the matter of doing justice to the heritage of the Book of Allah
As for the sentence, "this is the supreme bounty', if it is related with the last sentence, it would mean that to excel in good deeds is the supreme bounty, and the people who excel in good deeds are the best of the Muslim community.
And if it is taken to be related with the first sentence, it would mean that to be a heir to the Book of Allah and to be chosen for this heritage is the supreme bounty, and the people who have been so chosen on account of their faith in the Qur'an and the Holy Prophet Muhammad arc the best among the human beings created by Allah.

 

The Inheritance of the Qur'an is of three kinds Allah says: `Then We made those who uphold the Book confirming what came before, the one whom We have chosen from among Our servants.
They are this Ummah, who are divided into three types.' Allah says: فَمِنْهُمْ ظَـلِمٌ لِّنَفْسِهِ ( Then of them are some who wrong themselves, ) these are the ones who are careless about doing some obligatory actions, and who commit some forbidden actions. وَمِنْهُمْ مُّقْتَصِدٌ ( and of them are some who follow a middle course, ) these are the ones who fulfill their obligations and avoid things that are forbidden, but they may neglect some good deeds and do some things which are disliked. وَمِنْهُمْ سَابِقٌ بِالْخَيْرَتِ بِإِذُنِ اللَّهِ ( and of them are some who are, by Allah's leave, foremost in good deeds. ) these are the ones who do obligatory actions and things which are encouraged, and who avoid doing unlawful and disliked actions, and avoid some actions which are permissible.
`Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas commented on the Ayah: ثُمَّ أَوْرَثْنَا الْكِتَـبَ الَّذِينَ اصْطَفَيْنَا مِنْ عِبَادِنَا ( Then We gave the Book as inheritance to such of Our servants whom We chose.
) "This refers to the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ.
Allah caused it to inherit every Book that He had revealed; those who wrong themselves will be forgiven, those who follow a middle course will have an easy accounting, and those who are foremost in good deeds will enter Paradise without being brought to account." Abu Al-Qasim At-Tabarani reported from Ibn `Abbas that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said one day: «شَفَاعَتِي لِأَهْلِ الْكَبَائِرِ مِنْ أُمَّتِي» ( My intercession will be for those among my Ummah who commit major sins. )" Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "Those who are foremost in good deeds will enter Paradise without being brought to account; those who follow a middle course will enter Paradise by the mercy of Allah; and those who wrong themselves and Ashab Al-A`raf will enter Paradise by the intercession of Muhammad ﷺ ." It was also reported from a number of the Salaf that those among this Ummah who wrong themselves are still among those whom Allah has chosen, even though they are imperfect and fell short by not adhering to the straight path.
Others said that those who wrong themselves are not part of this Ummah and are not among those whom Allah has chosen and who inherited the Book.
The correct view is that they are also part of this Ummah. The Virtues of the Scholars The scholars are the most fortunate of people with regard to this blessing, and the most entitled to this mercy.
Imam Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded that Qays bin Kathir said, "One of the people of Al-Madinah came to Abu Ad-Darda', may Allah be pleased with him, when he was in Damascus.
Abu Ad-Darda' said, `What brought you here, my brother' He said, `A Hadith which I heard that you narrate from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.' He said, `Have you come for trade' He said, `No.' He said, `Have you come for any other reason' He said, `No.' He said, `Have you come only to seek this Hadith' He said, `Yes.' He, may Allah be pleased with him said, `I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: «مَنْ سَلَكَ طَرِيقًا يَطْلُبُ فِيهَا عِلْمًا، سَلَكَ اللهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ طَرِيقًا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ، وَإِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ لَتَضَعُ أَجْنِحَتَهَا رِضًا لِطَالِبِ الْعِلْمِ، وَإِنَّهُ لَيَسْتَغْفِرُ لِلْعَالِمِ مَنْ فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ حَتَّى الْحِيتَانُ فِي الْمَاءِ، وَفَضْلُ الْعَالِمِ عَلَى الْعَابِدِ كَفَضْلِ الْقَمَرِ عَلَى سَائِرِ الْكَوَاكِبِ، وَإِنَّ الْعُلَمَاءَ هُمْ وَرَثَةُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، وَإِنَّ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ لَمْ يُوَرِّثُوا دِينَارًا وَلَا دِرْهَمًا، وَإِنَّمَا وَرَّثُوا الْعِلْمَ، فَمَنْ أَخَذَ بِهِ أَخَذَ بِحَظَ وَافِر» ( Whoever follows a path to seek knowledge, Allah will show him the way to Paradise.
The angels lower their wings being pleased with the one who seeks knowledge.
Whoever is in the heavens and on earth, even the fish in the sea, ask for forgiveness for the scholar.
The superiority of the scholar over the worshipper is like that of the moon over all other heavenly bodies.
The scholars are the heirs of the Prophets, for the Prophets did not leave behind Dinars and Dirhams, but they left behind knowledge; and whoever receives it, receives an abundance of good fortune. )"' It was also reported by Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah.

( Then ) after We sent Gabriel with the Qur’an to Muhammad ( pbuh ) ( We gave the Scripture as inheritance ) We gave the honour of memorising, writing and reciting the Qur’an ( unto those whom We elected of our bondmen ) by means of faith, i.e. the community of Muhammad ( pbuh ). ( But of them are some who wrong themselves ) through committing enormities, and these will not be saved unless there is intercession in their favour, or unless they are forgiven or when Allah’s promise is fulfilled ( and of them are some who are lukewarm ) some of them did good works and evil works in equal measure; these will be slightly taken to task and then be saved, ( and of them are some who outstrip (others ) through good deeds) in the life of this world and among those brought near to the Garden of Eden in the Hereafter, ( by Allah’s leave ) by Allah’s given success and beneficence. ( That ) selection and outstripping ( is the great favour ) the greatest grace that Allah can bestow upon them!

Then We gave the Book the Quran) for inheritance to such of Our slaves whom We chose (the followers of Muhammad SAW). Then of them are some who wrong their ownselves, and of them are some who follow a middle course, and of them are some who are, by Allah's Leave, foremost in good deeds. That (inheritance of the Quran), that is indeed a great grace.

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