Surah Raad ayat 33 Tafsir Quran 13:33

﴿أَفَمَنْ هُوَ قَائِمٌ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ ۗ وَجَعَلُوا لِلَّهِ شُرَكَاءَ قُلْ سَمُّوهُمْ ۚ أَمْ تُنَبِّئُونَهُ بِمَا لَا يَعْلَمُ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَم بِظَاهِرٍ مِّنَ الْقَوْلِ ۗ بَلْ زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مَكْرُهُمْ وَصُدُّوا عَنِ السَّبِيلِ ۗ وَمَن يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ هَادٍ﴾
[ الرعد: 33]

13:33 Then is He who is a maintainer of every soul, [knowing] what it has earned, [like any other]? But to Allah they have attributed partners. Say, "Name them. Or do you inform Him of that which He knows not upon the earth or of what is apparent of speech?" Rather, their [own] plan has been made attractive to those who disbelieve, and they have been averted from the way. And whomever Allah leaves astray - there will be for him no guide.

Is He Who stands watches over every soul what it has earned? what it has done of good or evil — and this is God — like the idols who are not so? No! This response is suggested by the following words Yet they ascribe to God associates. Say ‘Name them! for Him who are they? Or will you inform Him will you inform God of something that is of an associate which He does not know in the earth? an interrogative of disavowal; in other words He has no associate for if He did He would know him — exalted be He above such a thing. Or is it — nay — you call them associates merely a manner of speaking?’ that is it is merely on the basis of false conjecture without any truth in it. Nay but their scheming their unbelief has been adorned for those who disbelieve and they have been barred from the way from the path of guidance; and whomever God sends astray for him there is no guide.

Does he who stands guard over every soul, and His sentinel angels record every deed that is done or in the making or suggested secretly to the mind and to whose knowledge everything comes instantaneously, compare with a false object of worship or a helpless creature or dumb idols whom they called holy gods! Yet they still incorporate with Allah other deities. Say to them: Name them; or do you inform Allah of objects on earth He has no knowledge of! the fact is that the infidels intrigues and cunning allured them to brighter worlds and led them, under the vexations of their minds, to a path other than that of righteousness. And he whom Allah misguides shall find no one to guide him thereto

There is no Similarity between Allah and False Deities in any Respect Allah said, أَفَمَنْ هُوَ قَآئِمٌ عَلَى كُلِّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ ( Is then He (Allah ) Who takes charge of every person and knows all that he has earned) Allah is the guard and watcher over every living soul and knows what everyone does, whether good or evil, and nothing ever escapes His perfect observation.
Allah said in other Ayat, وَمَا تَكُونُ فِى شَأْنٍ وَمَا تَتْلُواْ مِنْهُ مِن قُرْءَانٍ وَلاَ تَعْمَلُونَ مِنْ عَمَلٍ إِلاَّ كُنَّا عَلَيْكُمْ شُهُودًا إِذْ تُفِيضُونَ فِيهِ ( Neither you do any deed nor recite any portion of the Qur'an, nor you do any deed, but we are witness thereof, when you are doing it. ) 10:61 and Allah said, وَمَا تَسْقُطُ مِن وَرَقَةٍ إِلاَّ يَعْلَمُهَا ( Not a leaf falls, but He knows it. ) 6:59 وَمَا مِن دَآبَّةٍ فِي الاٌّرْضِ إِلاَّ عَلَى اللَّهِ رِزْقُهَا وَيَعْلَمُ مُسْتَقَرَّهَا وَمُسْتَوْدَعَهَا كُلٌّ فِى كِتَابٍ مُّبِينٍ ( And no moving creature is there on earth but its provision is due from Allah.
And He knows its dwelling place and its deposits.
All is in a Clear Book. )11:6, سَوَآءٌ مِّنْكُمْ مَّنْ أَسَرَّ الْقَوْلَ وَمَنْ جَهَرَ بِهِ وَمَنْ هُوَ مُسْتَخْفٍ بِالَّيْلِ وَسَارِبٌ بِالنَّهَارِ ( It is the same (to Him ) whether any of you conceals his speech or declares it openly, whether he be hid by night or goes forth freely by day.) 13:10 يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى ( He knows the secret and that which is yet more hidden. ) 20:7 and, وَهُوَ مَعَكُمْ أَيْنَ مَا كُنتُمْ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ ( And He is with you wherever you may be.
And Allah is the All-Seer of what you do. ) 57:4 Is He Who is like this similar to the idols, that the polytheists worship, which can neither hear nor see nor do they have a mind nor able to bring good to themselves or to their worshippers nor prevent harm from themselves or their worshippers The answer to the question in the Ayah was omitted, because it is implied, for Allah said next, وَجَعَلُواْ للَّهِ شُرَكَآءَ ( Yet, they ascribe partners to Allah. ) which they worshipped besides Him, such as idols, rivals and false deities, قُلْ سَمُّوهُمْ ( Say: "Name them!" ) make them known to us and uncover them so that they are known, for surely, they do not exist at all! So Allah said, أَمْ تُنَبِّئُونَهُ بِمَا لاَ يَعْلَمُ فِى الاٌّرْضِ ( Is it that you will inform Him of something He knows not in the earth ) for had that thing existed in or on the earth, Allah would have known about it because nothing ever escapes His knowledge, أَم بِظَـهِرٍ مِّنَ الْقَوْلِ ( or is it (just ) a show of words) or doubts expressed in words, according to Mujahid, while Ad-Dahhak and Qatadah said, false words.
Allah says, you ( polytheists ) worshipped the idols because you thought that they had power to bring benefit or harm, and this is why you called them gods, إِنْ هِىَ إِلاَّ أَسْمَآءٌ سَمَّيْتُمُوهَآ أَنتُمْ وَءَابَآؤُكُم مَّآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ بِهَا مِن سُلْطَـنٍ إِن يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلاَّ الظَّنَّ وَمَا تَهْوَى الاٌّنفُسُ وَلَقَدْ جَآءَهُم مِّن رَّبِّهِمُ الْهُدَى ( They are but names which you have named - you and your fathers - for which Allah has sent down no authority.
They follow but a guess and that which they themselves desire, whereas there has surely come to them the guidance from their Lord! )53:23 Allah said next, بَلْ زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مَكْرُهُمْ ( Nay! To those who disbelieved, their plotting is made fair seeming, ) or their words, according to Mujahid.
This Ayah refers to the misguidance of the polytheists and their propagation night and day.
Allah said in another Ayah, وَقَيَّضْنَا لَهُمْ قُرَنَآءَ فَزَيَّنُواْ لَهُم ( And We have assigned for them (devils ) intimate companions, who have made fair-seeming to them.) Allah said next, وَصُدُّواْ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ ( and they have been hindered from the right path; ) Some read with Fatha over the Sad ( i.e.
wa Saddu ), which would mean, `and they hindered from the right path, feeling fond of the misguidance they are in, thinking that it is correct, they called to it and thus hindered the people from following the path of the Messengers.' Others read it with Damma over the Sad ( i.e.
wa Suddu ), which would mean, `and they have been hindered from the right path,' explained it this way: because they thought that their way looked fair or correct, they were hindered by it from the right path, so Allah said, وَمَن يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ هَادٍ ( and whom Allah sends astray, for him there is no guide. ) Allah said in similar instances, وَمَن يُرِدِ اللَّهُ فِتْنَتَهُ فَلَن تَمْلِكَ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئاً ( And whomsoever Allah wants to suffer a trial, you can do nothing for him against Allah. ) 5:41, and, إِن تَحْرِصْ عَلَى هُدَاهُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَهْدِى مَن يُضِلُّ وَمَا لَهُمْ مِّن نَّـصِرِينَ ( If you covet for their guidance, then verily, Allah guides not those whom He makes to go astray.
And they will have no helpers. )16:37

(13:33) What! are they (so audacious that they are) setting up partners with Him Who is watching minutely over the actions of each and every soul? *50 , *51 O Prophet say to them, "(If God has Himself set them up as His partners) just tell me their names. Do you mean to inform Him of something new that He Himself is unaware of on His earth? Or do you merely utter empty words? *52 Indeed for those who rejected the Message their fraud *53 has been made to appear fair to them and they have been debarred froth the Right Way: *54 and there is none to show the Right Way to those whom Allah lets go astray.

Then is He who is a maintainer meaning

*50) That is, " They are so audacious that they set up partners with Allah Whose knowledge is All-Comprehensive and Who is aware of even the minutest details of the good and bad actions of each individual... "
*51) These are the audacious things they do.
They ascribe partners and equals to Him: they believe that some of His creatures are a part and parcel of His Being, and have attributes and rights like Him: they presume that they shall not be called to account for whatever they do, even though they live in His Kingdom.

*52) That is, " You give empty names to the partners you ascribe to Him for you have no real knowledge about them " .
For you could get this knowledge only in one of the three following ways:
First, You might have received some authentic information that Allah had made such and such people as His partners in His attributes, powers and rights.
If it is so, please Iet us also know their names and the source of your information.

The second possibility is that Allah might have remained ignorant that some beings have become His partners.
Therefore you are going to inform Him about this.
If it is so, please say it clearly in so many words so that it may be decided whether there are some foolish people who can believe in such a nonsensical claim.

Obviously the above two suppositions are absurd.
Therefore the only alternative is that, " You are ascribing partners to Him without any rhyme or reason, and you without any knowledge make one the relative of God, another the hearer of supplications, and still another the helper and fulfiller of certain needs and the ruler of a certain region etc.
etc. "
*53) Shirk has been called " fraud " because none of the angels, spirits, saints, heavenly bodies, to whom they ascribe Divine attributes and powers or render Divine rights, ever claimed to possess these attributes or powers, nor did they ever demand these rights from the people nor told the people that they would fulfil their desires and wants, if they would perform some rituals of worship before them.
As a matter of fact, some clever people invented these gods in order to practice wilful deception and dishonesty so that they might wield powerful influence over the common people and exploit them and deprive them of a part of their hard earned possessions.
Accordingly, they made the common people credulous followers of the gods of their inventions and set themselves up as their representatives to get money, etc.., from them by this fraud.

The second reason why shirk has been called " fraud " is that a worldly man pretends to believe in it not because he wants to believe in it but in order to free himself from aII moral restraints to enable him to lead an irresponsible life of treed and lust.

The third reason is given below in E.
N .
54.

*54) Shirk is also `fraud' in the sense that it has been made to appear fair for them and so leads them into deviation and prevents them from coming back to the Right Way.
It is like this: When mushriks adopt wrong ways of deviation that suit the kind of lives they wish to lead, they have to invent arguments to pacify their consciences and convince other people that grey are on the right way.
Naturally this fraud confirms them on the way of deviation and they are debarred from the Right Way.

 

There is no Similarity between Allah and False Deities in any Respect Allah said, أَفَمَنْ هُوَ قَآئِمٌ عَلَى كُلِّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ ( Is then He (Allah ) Who takes charge of every person and knows all that he has earned) Allah is the guard and watcher over every living soul and knows what everyone does, whether good or evil, and nothing ever escapes His perfect observation.
Allah said in other Ayat, وَمَا تَكُونُ فِى شَأْنٍ وَمَا تَتْلُواْ مِنْهُ مِن قُرْءَانٍ وَلاَ تَعْمَلُونَ مِنْ عَمَلٍ إِلاَّ كُنَّا عَلَيْكُمْ شُهُودًا إِذْ تُفِيضُونَ فِيهِ ( Neither you do any deed nor recite any portion of the Qur'an, nor you do any deed, but we are witness thereof, when you are doing it. ) 10:61 and Allah said, وَمَا تَسْقُطُ مِن وَرَقَةٍ إِلاَّ يَعْلَمُهَا ( Not a leaf falls, but He knows it. ) 6:59 وَمَا مِن دَآبَّةٍ فِي الاٌّرْضِ إِلاَّ عَلَى اللَّهِ رِزْقُهَا وَيَعْلَمُ مُسْتَقَرَّهَا وَمُسْتَوْدَعَهَا كُلٌّ فِى كِتَابٍ مُّبِينٍ ( And no moving creature is there on earth but its provision is due from Allah.
And He knows its dwelling place and its deposits.
All is in a Clear Book. )11:6, سَوَآءٌ مِّنْكُمْ مَّنْ أَسَرَّ الْقَوْلَ وَمَنْ جَهَرَ بِهِ وَمَنْ هُوَ مُسْتَخْفٍ بِالَّيْلِ وَسَارِبٌ بِالنَّهَارِ ( It is the same (to Him ) whether any of you conceals his speech or declares it openly, whether he be hid by night or goes forth freely by day.) 13:10 يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى ( He knows the secret and that which is yet more hidden. ) 20:7 and, وَهُوَ مَعَكُمْ أَيْنَ مَا كُنتُمْ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ ( And He is with you wherever you may be.
And Allah is the All-Seer of what you do. ) 57:4 Is He Who is like this similar to the idols, that the polytheists worship, which can neither hear nor see nor do they have a mind nor able to bring good to themselves or to their worshippers nor prevent harm from themselves or their worshippers The answer to the question in the Ayah was omitted, because it is implied, for Allah said next, وَجَعَلُواْ للَّهِ شُرَكَآءَ ( Yet, they ascribe partners to Allah. ) which they worshipped besides Him, such as idols, rivals and false deities, قُلْ سَمُّوهُمْ ( Say: "Name them!" ) make them known to us and uncover them so that they are known, for surely, they do not exist at all! So Allah said, أَمْ تُنَبِّئُونَهُ بِمَا لاَ يَعْلَمُ فِى الاٌّرْضِ ( Is it that you will inform Him of something He knows not in the earth ) for had that thing existed in or on the earth, Allah would have known about it because nothing ever escapes His knowledge, أَم بِظَـهِرٍ مِّنَ الْقَوْلِ ( or is it (just ) a show of words) or doubts expressed in words, according to Mujahid, while Ad-Dahhak and Qatadah said, false words.
Allah says, you ( polytheists ) worshipped the idols because you thought that they had power to bring benefit or harm, and this is why you called them gods, إِنْ هِىَ إِلاَّ أَسْمَآءٌ سَمَّيْتُمُوهَآ أَنتُمْ وَءَابَآؤُكُم مَّآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ بِهَا مِن سُلْطَـنٍ إِن يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلاَّ الظَّنَّ وَمَا تَهْوَى الاٌّنفُسُ وَلَقَدْ جَآءَهُم مِّن رَّبِّهِمُ الْهُدَى ( They are but names which you have named - you and your fathers - for which Allah has sent down no authority.
They follow but a guess and that which they themselves desire, whereas there has surely come to them the guidance from their Lord! )53:23 Allah said next, بَلْ زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مَكْرُهُمْ ( Nay! To those who disbelieved, their plotting is made fair seeming, ) or their words, according to Mujahid.
This Ayah refers to the misguidance of the polytheists and their propagation night and day.
Allah said in another Ayah, وَقَيَّضْنَا لَهُمْ قُرَنَآءَ فَزَيَّنُواْ لَهُم ( And We have assigned for them (devils ) intimate companions, who have made fair-seeming to them.) Allah said next, وَصُدُّواْ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ ( and they have been hindered from the right path; ) Some read with Fatha over the Sad ( i.e.
wa Saddu ), which would mean, `and they hindered from the right path, feeling fond of the misguidance they are in, thinking that it is correct, they called to it and thus hindered the people from following the path of the Messengers.' Others read it with Damma over the Sad ( i.e.
wa Suddu ), which would mean, `and they have been hindered from the right path,' explained it this way: because they thought that their way looked fair or correct, they were hindered by it from the right path, so Allah said, وَمَن يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ هَادٍ ( and whom Allah sends astray, for him there is no guide. ) Allah said in similar instances, وَمَن يُرِدِ اللَّهُ فِتْنَتَهُ فَلَن تَمْلِكَ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئاً ( And whomsoever Allah wants to suffer a trial, you can do nothing for him against Allah. ) 5:41, and, إِن تَحْرِصْ عَلَى هُدَاهُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَهْدِى مَن يُضِلُّ وَمَا لَهُمْ مِّن نَّـصِرِينَ ( If you covet for their guidance, then verily, Allah guides not those whom He makes to go astray.
And they will have no helpers. )16:37

( Is He Who is aware of the deserts of every soul ) He says: Allah oversees every soul and that which it earns of good and evil, provision and warding off; is He therefore ( (as he who is aware of nothing )? Yet they ascribe unto Allah partners) idols which they worship. ( Say ) to them, O Muhammad: ( Name them ) enumerate their benefit and governance if they are Allah’s partners. ( Is it that ye would inform Him ) are you going to inform Him ( of something which He knoweth not ) to exist ( in the earth ) which benefits or harms beside Allah? ( Or is it but a way of speaking ) or is it just out of false talk, false testimony and lying that they do worship them? ( Nay, but their contrivance ) their speech and deeds ( is made seeming fair for those who disbelieve ) in Muhammad ( pbuh ) and in the Qur’an ( and they are kept from the right road ) they were sent astray from Religion. ( He whom Allah sendeth astray ) from His religion, ( for him there is no guide ) no one to give him success.

Is then He (Allah) Who takes charge (guards, maintains, provides, etc.) of every person and knows all that he has earned (like any other deities who know nothing)? Yet they ascribe partners to Allah. Say: "Name them! Is it that you will inform Him of something He knows not in the earth or is it (just) a show of false words." Nay! To those who disbelieve, their plotting is made fairseeming, and they have been hindered from the Right Path, and whom Allah sends astray, for him, there is no guide.

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