Surah Hajj ayat 45 Tafsir Quran 22:45

﴿فَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرْيَةٍ أَهْلَكْنَاهَا وَهِيَ ظَالِمَةٌ فَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَىٰ عُرُوشِهَا وَبِئْرٍ مُّعَطَّلَةٍ وَقَصْرٍ مَّشِيدٍ﴾
[ الحج: 45]

22:45 And how many a city did We destroy while it was committing wrong - so it is [now] fallen into ruin - and [how many] an abandoned well and [how many] a lofty palace.

How many a town I have destroyed ahlaktuhā a variant reading has ahlaknāhā ‘We have destroyed’ while it was doing wrong that is while its inhabitants were doing wrong by being disbelievers but now it lies fallen down collapsed on its roofs and how many a neglected well abandoned because of the death of its owners and a lofty palace stands empty because of the death of its residents.

Wherefore many were the towns We destroyed with their wrongful inhabitants that they stood desolate and empty but of dilapidated trellises over hills of ruin, and the wells and the spacious and the highly decorated buildings neglected, empty and abandoned

And if they deny you, so did deny before them the people of Nuh, 'Ad and Thamud ( 42 )And the people of Ibrahim and the people of Lut ( 43 )And the dwellers of Madyan; and denied was Musa.
But I granted respite to the disbelievers for a while, then I seized them, and how ( terrible ) was My punishment ( 44 )And many a township did We destroy while they were given to wrongdoing, so that it lie in ruins, and a deserted well and castle Mashid ( 45 )Have they not traveled through the land, and have they hearts wherewith to understand and ears wherewith to hear Verily, it is not the eyes that grow blind, but it is the hearts which are in the breasts that grow blind ( 46 ) The Consequences for the Disbelievers Here Allah consoles His Prophet Muhammad ﷺ for the disbelief of those among his people who opposed him. وَإِن يُكَذِّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كَذَّبَتْ قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ ( And if they deny you, so did deny before them the people of Nuh ) until His saying, وَكُذِّبَ مُوسَىٰ ( and denied was Musa. ) means, despite all the clear signs and evidence that they brought. فَأَمْلَيْتُ لِلْكَافِرِينَ ( But I granted respite to the disbelievers for a while, ) means, 'I delayed and postponed.' ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُهُمْ ۖ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ نَكِيرِ ( then I seized them, and how (terrible ) was My punishment!) means, 'how great was My vengeance against them and My punishment of them!' In the Two Sahihs it is reported from Abu Musa that the Prophet ﷺ said: إِنَّ اللهَ لَيُمْلِي لِلظَّالِمِ حَتَّى إِذَا أَخَذَهُ لَمْ يُفْلِتْهُ ( Allah lets the wrongdoer carry on until, when He seizes him, He will never let him go. ) Then he recited: وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَخْذُ رَبِّكَ إِذَا أَخَذَ الْقُرَىٰ وَهِيَ ظَالِمَةٌ ۚ إِنَّ أَخْذَهُ أَلِيمٌ شَدِيدٌ ( Such is the punishment of your Lord when He seizes the towns while they are doing wrong.
Verily, His punishment is painful (and ) severe.)( 11:102 ) Then Allah says: فَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرْيَةٍ أَهْلَكْنَاهَا ( And many a township did We destroy ) وَهِيَ ظَالِمَةٌ ( while they were given wrongdoing, ) meaning, they were rejecting their Messengers. فَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَىٰ عُرُوشِهَا ( so that it lie in ruins, ) Ad-Dahhak said, "[ Leveled to ] their roofs," i.e., their houses and cities were destroyed. وَبِئْرٍ مُّعَطَّلَةٍ ( and (many ) a deserted well) means, they draw no water from it, and no one comes to it, after it had been frequented often by crowds of people. وَقَصْرٍ مَّشِيدٍ ( and a castle Mashid! ) 'Ikrimah said, "This means whitened with plaster." Something similar was narrated from 'Ali bin Abi Talib, Mujahid, 'Ata', Sa'id bin Jubayr, Abu Al-Mulayh and Ad-Dahhak.
Others said that it means high and impenetrable fortresses.
All of these suggestions are close in meaning and do not contradict one another, for this sturdy construction and great height did not help their occupants or afford them any protection when the punishment of Allah came upon them, as He says: أَيْنَمَا تَكُونُوا يُدْرِككُّمُ الْمَوْتُ وَلَوْ كُنتُمْ فِي بُرُوجٍ مُّشَيَّدَةٍ ( "Wheresoever you may be, death will overtake you even if you are in Buruj Mushayyadah!" )( 4:78 ) أَفَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ ( Have they not traveled through the land, ) means, have they not traveled in the physical sense and also used their minds to ponder? That is sufficient, as Ibn Abi Ad-Dunya said in his book At-Tafakkur wal-I'tibar, "Some of the wise people said, 'Give life to your heart with lessons, illuminate it with thought, kill it with asceticism, strengthen it with certain faith, remind it of its mortality, make it aware of the calamities of this world, warn it of the disasters that life may bring, show it how things may suddenly change with the passing of days, tell it the stories of the people of the past, and remind it what happened to those who came before.'" Walk through their ruins, see what they did and what became of them, meaning, look at the punishments and divine wrath that struck the nations of the past who belied, فَتَكُونَ لَهُمْ قُلُوبٌ يَعْقِلُونَ بِهَا أَوْ آذَانٌ يَسْمَعُونَ بِهَا ( and have they hearts wherewith to understand and ears wherewith to hear ) meaning, let them learn a lesson from that. فَإِنَّهَا لَا تَعْمَى الْأَبْصَارُ وَلَٰكِن تَعْمَى الْقُلُوبُ الَّتِي فِي الصُّدُورِ ( Verily, it is not the eyes that grow blind, but it is the hearts which are in the breasts that grow blind. ) means, the blind person is not the one whose eyes cannot see, but rather the one who has no insight.
Even if the physical eyes are sound, they still cannot learn the lesson.

(22:45) How many a well has been rendered useless, *90 and how many a lofty castle is lying in ruins !

And how many a city did We meaning

*90) In Arabic a " well " is synonymous with a " habitation ".
Thus " many a well ....
useless " means " many a habitation has been destroyed ".

 

And if they deny you, so did deny before them the people of Nuh, 'Ad and Thamud ( 42 )And the people of Ibrahim and the people of Lut ( 43 )And the dwellers of Madyan; and denied was Musa.
But I granted respite to the disbelievers for a while, then I seized them, and how ( terrible ) was My punishment ( 44 )And many a township did We destroy while they were given to wrongdoing, so that it lie in ruins, and a deserted well and castle Mashid ( 45 )Have they not traveled through the land, and have they hearts wherewith to understand and ears wherewith to hear Verily, it is not the eyes that grow blind, but it is the hearts which are in the breasts that grow blind ( 46 ) The Consequences for the Disbelievers Here Allah consoles His Prophet Muhammad ﷺ for the disbelief of those among his people who opposed him. وَإِن يُكَذِّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كَذَّبَتْ قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ ( And if they deny you, so did deny before them the people of Nuh ) until His saying, وَكُذِّبَ مُوسَىٰ ( and denied was Musa. ) means, despite all the clear signs and evidence that they brought. فَأَمْلَيْتُ لِلْكَافِرِينَ ( But I granted respite to the disbelievers for a while, ) means, 'I delayed and postponed.' ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُهُمْ ۖ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ نَكِيرِ ( then I seized them, and how (terrible ) was My punishment!) means, 'how great was My vengeance against them and My punishment of them!' In the Two Sahihs it is reported from Abu Musa that the Prophet ﷺ said: إِنَّ اللهَ لَيُمْلِي لِلظَّالِمِ حَتَّى إِذَا أَخَذَهُ لَمْ يُفْلِتْهُ ( Allah lets the wrongdoer carry on until, when He seizes him, He will never let him go. ) Then he recited: وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَخْذُ رَبِّكَ إِذَا أَخَذَ الْقُرَىٰ وَهِيَ ظَالِمَةٌ ۚ إِنَّ أَخْذَهُ أَلِيمٌ شَدِيدٌ ( Such is the punishment of your Lord when He seizes the towns while they are doing wrong.
Verily, His punishment is painful (and ) severe.)( 11:102 ) Then Allah says: فَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرْيَةٍ أَهْلَكْنَاهَا ( And many a township did We destroy ) وَهِيَ ظَالِمَةٌ ( while they were given wrongdoing, ) meaning, they were rejecting their Messengers. فَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَىٰ عُرُوشِهَا ( so that it lie in ruins, ) Ad-Dahhak said, "[ Leveled to ] their roofs," i.e., their houses and cities were destroyed. وَبِئْرٍ مُّعَطَّلَةٍ ( and (many ) a deserted well) means, they draw no water from it, and no one comes to it, after it had been frequented often by crowds of people. وَقَصْرٍ مَّشِيدٍ ( and a castle Mashid! ) 'Ikrimah said, "This means whitened with plaster." Something similar was narrated from 'Ali bin Abi Talib, Mujahid, 'Ata', Sa'id bin Jubayr, Abu Al-Mulayh and Ad-Dahhak.
Others said that it means high and impenetrable fortresses.
All of these suggestions are close in meaning and do not contradict one another, for this sturdy construction and great height did not help their occupants or afford them any protection when the punishment of Allah came upon them, as He says: أَيْنَمَا تَكُونُوا يُدْرِككُّمُ الْمَوْتُ وَلَوْ كُنتُمْ فِي بُرُوجٍ مُّشَيَّدَةٍ ( "Wheresoever you may be, death will overtake you even if you are in Buruj Mushayyadah!" )( 4:78 ) أَفَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ ( Have they not traveled through the land, ) means, have they not traveled in the physical sense and also used their minds to ponder? That is sufficient, as Ibn Abi Ad-Dunya said in his book At-Tafakkur wal-I'tibar, "Some of the wise people said, 'Give life to your heart with lessons, illuminate it with thought, kill it with asceticism, strengthen it with certain faith, remind it of its mortality, make it aware of the calamities of this world, warn it of the disasters that life may bring, show it how things may suddenly change with the passing of days, tell it the stories of the people of the past, and remind it what happened to those who came before.'" Walk through their ruins, see what they did and what became of them, meaning, look at the punishments and divine wrath that struck the nations of the past who belied, فَتَكُونَ لَهُمْ قُلُوبٌ يَعْقِلُونَ بِهَا أَوْ آذَانٌ يَسْمَعُونَ بِهَا ( and have they hearts wherewith to understand and ears wherewith to hear ) meaning, let them learn a lesson from that. فَإِنَّهَا لَا تَعْمَى الْأَبْصَارُ وَلَٰكِن تَعْمَى الْقُلُوبُ الَّتِي فِي الصُّدُورِ ( Verily, it is not the eyes that grow blind, but it is the hearts which are in the breasts that grow blind. ) means, the blind person is not the one whose eyes cannot see, but rather the one who has no insight.
Even if the physical eyes are sound, they still cannot learn the lesson.

( How many a township ) how many population of townships ( have We destroyed ) with chastisement ( while it was sinful ) while their populations were idolaters and disbelievers, ( so that it lieth (to this day ) in) so they remain demolished until today, ( and (how many ) a deserted well) and how many wells have been destroyed by their owners such that no one uses them anymore ( and lofty tower! ) and how many massive towers which exist but which are uninhabited!

And many a township have We destroyed while it was given to wrong-doing, so that it lies in ruins (up to this day), and (many) a deserted well and lofty castles!

Page 337 English transliteration